Ponena za mbalame zodya nyama, wina sangachitire mwina koma kusirira kulimba kwawo, kuthamanga, liwiro lawo komanso kuwona bwino. Amakwera m'mwamba kudutsa m'nkhalango, minda, mitsinje, nyanja ndi nyanja, akumayang'ana kukula ndi mphamvu zawo. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe, mbalamezi zili ndi maubwino ambiri, ndipo lero tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane za m'modzi mwa oimira hawk - mphungu.
Kuwonekera kwa mphungu
Mphungu wa banja laling'ono la buzzards, lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chi Greek, dzina lake limatanthauza chiwombankhanga cham'nyanja. Monga mamembala onse amtunduwu, mphungu mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 75-100, mapiko mpaka 2.5 mita ndikulemera 3-7 kg.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mitundu "yakumpoto" ndi yayikulu kuposa "akumwera". Mchira ndi mapiko a chiwombankhanga lonse. Mbalame zimakhala ndi miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zikhadabo zowongoka, zala zazitali (pafupifupi masentimita 15) zili ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono tosavuta kuti tigwire nyama, makamaka nsomba zoterera.
Tariso ndi wamaliseche, wopanda nthenga. Mlomo waukuluwo ndi woluka, wachikasu. Pamwamba pa maso achikaso owoneka bwino, timiyala tating'onoting'ono timayang'ana, chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti mbalameyo ikukwiyitsa.
Kujambulidwa ndi chiwombankhanga choyera
Mtundu wa nthenga zimakhala zofiirira, zoyika zoyera zimapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kungakhale mutu woyera, mapewa, torso, kapena mchira. Kugonana kwamankhwala sikunatchulidwe kwambiri; muwiri, chachikazi chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu.
Malo okhala mphungu
Mbalame zodyerazi ndizofala, pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula ku Antarctica ndi South America. Mitundu 4 ya ziwombankhanga imapezeka ku Russia. Chofala kwambiri ndi chiwombankhanga choyera, chomwe chimakhala pafupifupi kulikonse kumene kuli madzi abwino kapena amchere. Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mchira wautali chimakhala cha mitundu yotsalira, yomwe imakhala makamaka kuchokera ku Caspian mpaka Transbaikalia. Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller amapezeka makamaka pagombe la Pacific.
Mphungu yam'nyanja ya Steller ikujambulidwa
Mphungu yamphongo amakhala ku North America, nthawi zina kuwuluka kupita pagombe la Pacific, zimawerengedwa chizindikiro USA ndipo amawonetsedwa pamikono ndi zikwangwani zina zaboma.
Pachithunzicho pali mphungu yamphongo
Screamer Eagle amakhala kumwera kwa Africa ndipo ndiye mbalame yadziko lonse m'maiko ena kumeneko. Malo okhalamo akulu kwambiri amakhala m'malo otsika a Volga ndi ku Far East, popeza malowa ndi nsomba zambiri - chakudya chofunikira kwambiri cha odyetsawa.
Ziwombankhanga zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi akuluakulu, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja. Amayesetsa kuti asaulukire pansi penipeni pa dzikolo. Sasamukira kawirikawiri, koma ngati madzi omwe amalowetsamo chakudya amaundana, ndiye kuti mbalamezi zimauluka pafupi kumwera m'nyengo yozizira.
Gulu lirilonse lopindidwa lili ndi gawo lawo, lomwe amakhala zaka zambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala mahekitala osachepera 10 am'madzi. Mbali yawo ya gombe, amamanga chisa, kumakhala, kudyetsa ndi kuswana anapiye. Kaŵirikaŵiri ziombankhanga zimathera nthaŵi yawo yopuma m'nkhalango zosakanikirana.
Pachithunzicho, chiwombankhanga chimakuwa
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mphungu
Mbalame zimasintha nthawi zonse, zimasaka komanso kuchita bizinesi yake masana. Mukuuluka, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamakhalidwe - kuyimilira, kuyendetsa ndege ndikutsika.
Pofuna kuuluka mozungulira madera ake ndikufufuza nyama yomwe ikufuna, mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito kuuluka kouluka, ikuuluka m'mitsinje yam'mlengalenga yomwe imagwira mapiko ake otakasuka. Chiwombankhanga chikazindikira nyama yake, chimatha kuyandikira mwachangu mokwanira, chimagwetsa mapiko ake mwachangu ndikukula msanga mpaka 40 km / h.
Mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi zimamira pamadzi nthawi zambiri, koma ngati zingafunike, zitagwera kuchokera kutalika, zimathamanga mpaka 100 km / h. Ngati malo osakirawo siokulirapo, chiwombankhanga chimasankha malo owonera omwe amafunikira okha ndikufufuza malo, kufunafuna nyama.
Kudya chiwombankhanga
Poona madera omwe ziwombankhanga zimakonda kukhala moyo, ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti matupi amadzi ndi omwe amawadyetsa. Mbalame zodya nyama zimadya nsomba ndi mbalame zam'madzi. Amakonda nsomba zazikulu, zolemera pafupifupi 2-3 kg, monga coho saumoni, pike, nsomba ya pinki, carp, nsomba za sockeye, carp, nsomba zingapo, Pacific herring, mullet, trout.
Izi zimachitika osati chifukwa chofuna kudya kokha, komanso kuti chiwombankhanga sichingasunge nsomba zing'onozing'ono ndi zikhadabo zake zazitali. Nyamayo imadyetsanso mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi - bakha, nyama yolimba, nkhono, zitsamba, zotchinga.
Nyama zazing'ono zimaphatikizidwanso pamndandanda, awa ndi ma hares, ma raccoon, agologolo, makoswe. Chiwombankhanga chikhozanso kugwira njoka zosiyanasiyana, achule, nkhanu, akamba ndi ena, koma ndizosafunikira kwenikweni kwa iye.
Zovunda ndizoyeneranso kudya, mbalame sizimanyoza anamgumi, nsomba, mitembo ya nyama zosiyanasiyana zoponyedwa kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, monga chilombo chachikulu, chiwombankhanga sichimawona ngati chamanyazi kutenga nyama kuchokera kwa osaka ang'onoang'ono komanso ofooka, kapenanso kuba m'maso mwa anzawo.
Chiwombankhanga chimakonda kusaka m'madzi osaya, m'malo omwe muli nsomba zambiri ndipo sizovuta kuzipeza. Podziwa mbalameyi, mbalameyo imagwa pansi ngati mwala, imagwira nyama ija ndipo imakwera nayo m'mwamba nayo.
Nthenga sizinyowa pokasaka koteroko. Nthawi zina chilombocho chimangoyenda pamadzi, ndikutola tinsomba tating'ono pamenepo. Koma nthawi zambiri nyamayo imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, chiwombankhanga chimatha kulemera mpaka 3 kg. Kulemera kwake kukakhala kolemera kwambiri, chilombocho chimatha kusambira nacho kupita kumtunda, komwe kumakhala nkhomaliro yabwino.
Nthawi zina ziwombankhanga zimasaka limodzi, makamaka zazikulu, zothamanga kwambiri komanso mbalame. Chimodzi mwa ziwombankhanga chimasokoneza nyamayo, ndipo chachiwiri chimaukira mwadzidzidzi. Chiwombankhanga chimatha kugwira mbalame zing'onozing'ono mlengalenga. Ngati nyamayo ndi yayikulu, nyamayo imayesetsa kuwulukira kuchokera pansi ndipo potembenuka, imaboola pachifuwa ndi zikhadabo zake.
Chiwombankhangacho chimakakamiza mbalame zam'madzi kuti zilowe m'madzi, kuzungulira pamwamba pawo ndikuwopsa. Bakha akatopa ndi kufooka, kumakhala kosavuta kuigwira ndikuyikokera kumtunda. Pakudya, chiwombankhanga chimapondereza chakudya kumitengo ya mitengo kapena pansi ndi phazi limodzi, ndipo chimzake ndi mlomo wake chimang'amba nyama.
Nthawi zambiri, ngati pali mbalame zingapo pamenepo, wosaka wopambana amayesa kupuma pantchito, chifukwa njala yake imakumana imatha kumukakamiza kuti agawane. Nyama yayikulu imakhala nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ya chakudya imatsalira mu goiter, yopatsa mbalameyo masiku angapo.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mphungu
Monga mbalame zina zamtundu uwu, ziwombankhanga zimakhala zokha. Koma, ngati mbalame imodzi yamwalira, yachiwiri imapeza ina m'malo mwake. Zomwezo zimachitika ngati "banja" likulephera kubereka ana. Awiri amapangidwa ali aang'ono, izi zimatha kuchitika mchaka komanso nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi yoswana imayamba mu Marichi-Epulo. Ziwombankhanga zachikondi zimazungulira mlengalenga, zimapindika ndi kusambira mwamphamvu.
Kujambulidwa chisa cha mphungu zoyera
Atakonzekera bwino, makolo amtsogolo amayamba kumanga chisa, kapena, ngati banjali ndakalamba, abwezeretsanso chaka chatha. Amuna amapatsa wamkazi zida zomangira, zomwe amagona pansi. Chisa cha mphungu chachikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotalika mita imodzi mpaka kulemera kwake.
Kapangidwe kolemetsa koteroko kamaikidwa pamtengo wakale, wouma, kapena pathanthwe lodziyimira palokha. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti thandizolo liyenera kupirira, ndipo nyama zolusa zosiyanasiyana sizimatha kufikira mazira ndi anapiye.
Pambuyo masiku 1-3, mkazi amatayira mazira 1-3 oyera, matte. Mayi woyembekezera afungatira zowalamulira masiku 34-38. Ana oswedwawo alibe chochita, ndipo makolo awo amawadyetsa ndi ulusi woonda wa nyama ndi nsomba.
Pachithunzicho, chiwombankhanga chimayamwa
Kawirikawiri ndi mwana wankhuku wamphamvu kwambiri amene amakhala ndi moyo. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, achichepere amayamba kutuluka mchisa, koma kwa miyezi ina iwiri amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo. Ziwombankhanga zimakhwima pakadutsa zaka 4 zokha. Koma izi si zachilendo poganizira kuti mbalamezi zimakhala zaka 20.
