Kulan - nyama ya banja la equine, lomwe limafanana kwambiri ndi abale ake apamtima: kavalo ndi bulu. Equus hemionus ali ndi dzina lodziwika bwino kwa katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany a Peter Pallas.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kulan
Kulans ndi amtundu wa Equus - akavalo, okhala ndi makolo omwewo. Ma equids adachokera ku Dinohippus, kudutsa gawo lapakati la Plesippus. Nyama yofotokozedwa ya mbidzi yamutu wa bulu, Equus simplicidens, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri. Zakale zakale kwambiri ku Idaho ndi zaka 3.5 miliyoni.
Mtunduwu wafalikira ku Eurasia, Russia ndi Western Europe, komwe zotsalira za Equus livenzovensis zidapezeka. Mafupa omwe amapezeka ku Canada adachokera ku Middle Pleistocene (7 Ma). Nthambi zakale kwambiri zimawerengedwa kuti ndi miliri yaku Asia: kulan, onager, kiang. Zotsalira zawo ndi za Pleistocene woyambirira ku Central Asia. Ku North Asia, Arctic Siberia, makolo a kulans anapezeka kumapeto kwa Pleistocene.
Kanema: Kulan
Ku Middle Pleistocene, kulan idapezeka kulikonse ku Central Asia, m'mapiri a Ukraine, Crimea, Transcaucasia ndi Transbaikalia. Mu Late Pleistocene - ku Western ndi Central Asia, m'chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Yenisei. Ku Yakutia, ku China.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mu madera a Texas Middle Pleistocene mu 1970 adapeza zotsalira za Equus franciski, yofanana ndi Yakut.
Kulans kunja ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi abale awo ena - abulu, izi zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo lachiwiri la dzina lawo lachi Latin - hemionus, semi-bulu. Nyamazo zimatchedwanso jigetai. Ali ndi ma subspecies angapo, awiri mwa iwo omwe adatha (Anatolian ndi Syria).
Mitundu inayi ya kulan yomwe ilipo imapezeka:
- kumpoto kwa Iran - Irani kapena onager (onager),
- Turkmenistan ndi Kazakhstan - Turkmen (kulan),
- Mongolia - Mongolia (hemionus),
- kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, kumwera kwa Iraq ndi Pakistan - Indian (khur).
M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti tinthu tating'ono ta Iran ndi Turkmen titha kuphatikizidwa, koma kafukufuku wamakono atsimikizira kuti ndiosiyana. Ndikothekanso kugawanika m'magulu ena a gobi kulans (luteus).
Palinso mitundu yofananira yotchedwa kiang. Amapezeka kumadzulo kwa China ndi Tibet, mpaka posachedwa amawerengedwa ngati subspecies yayikulu kwambiri ya kulan, koma mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wama molekyulu adatsimikizika kuti iyi ndi mitundu yosiyana, idasiyanitsidwa ndi kulans pafupifupi zaka 5 miliyoni.
Ma equid awa ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ndizosatheka kuyandikira pafupi ndi kilomita imodzi. Koma amatha kudutsa pafupi ndi munthu wonama, azitha kukwawa kwa iye osapitirira mamita 200. Kulans amazindikira zikumveka mwachangu kuposa anthu, kudziwa komwe amawayang'anira. Kununkhiza kwa nyama ndikwabwino, ngakhale kutentha, pakakhala kotentha, sikuthandiza kwenikweni.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe kulan amawonekera
Kulans kunja ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi akavalo. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali, thupi ndi lochepa, koma mutu wake si waukulu molingana, makutu ndi china chake pakati pa bulu ndi kavalo. Mchira sumafikira hock, umakutidwa ndi tsitsi, kumapeto, tsitsi lalitali limapanga burashi yakuda, ngati mbidzi kapena bulu.
Ubweya wa nyamayo ndi waufupi (1 cm), wojambulidwa mumtundu wachikasu-mchenga wokhala ndi apurikoti wokongola kapena utoto wa lalanje, m'mbali mwa chitunda pali mzere wamdima - lamba wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali. Madera ena amakhala ndi zonona zochepa kapena zoyera. Mbali, kumtunda kumtunda kwa miyendo, mutu ndi khosi ndizachikasu kwambiri, kumbuyo kwake kamvekedwe kamakhala kopepuka. Gawo lakumunsi la torso, khosi ndi miyendo ndizopaka utoto woyera. Galasi lalikulu limakhalanso ndi loyera, kuchokera mmenemo, lomwe limakwera pamwamba pa mchira, m'mbali mwa mdima wofiirira, gawo loyera loyera.
Makutuwo ndi oyera mkati, achikaso kunja, kumapeto kwa mphukira kulinso koyera. Mane wamtundu wakuda wakuda wopanda zingwe amakula pakati pamakutu pakatikati pa khosi mpaka kufota. Ziboda zakuda ndizocheperako, zazing'ono koma zamphamvu. Pali ma chestnuts kumiyendo yakutsogolo. Maso ndi ofiira. Mtundu wachisanu wautoto umakhala wakuda pang'ono kuposa wachilimwe wokhala wonyezimira, wauve. Kutalika kwake m'nyengo yozizira kumafikira 2.5 masentimita, kumakhala kocheperako pang'ono, kochulukirapo, m'mphepete mwake, tsitsi lalitali limapanga lokwera.
Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 2 - 2.2 mita. Kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota kumafika 1.1 - 1.3 m. Kutalika kwa mchira wopanda ngayaye ndi masentimita 45, ndi ngayaye - 70-95 cm. Khutu ndi masentimita 20, kutalika kwa chigaza ndi Masentimita 46. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna, koma alibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Zinyama zazing'ono sizikhala ndi miyendo yayitali molingana, zimapanga 80% ya kutalika konse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Amuna akulans amamenya nkhondo mwamphamvu munyengo yamvula. Amathamangira mdaniyo, akutsekula mano awo, ndikudina makutu awo, kuyesa kumugwira ndi hocks. Izi zikapambana, kavalo amayamba kupotoza mdani mpaka amugwetse pansi, amugwera ndikuyamba kuluma khosi. Ngati wogonjetsayo adapanga, adadzuka ndikuthawa, ndiye wopambanayo, atamugwira, agwira mchira, amasiya ndikuyesera kubwereza njirayo.
Kodi kulan amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kulan ku Kazakhstan
Anthu awa amakonda mapiri, mapiri, zipululu, zipululu kapena zigwa. M'malo ambiri, amakakamizidwa kuchokera kumadera otsetsereka kuti apite kuzipululu zotsika kwambiri. Mungapezeke m'mapiri ndi kuwoloka mapiri, koma pewani malo otsetsereka. Nyama zimasamukira kwakanthawi kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera, kudutsa 10-20 km patsiku.
Ungulates pewani kuwoneka pamalo otsetsereka amchenga. Pakati pa mphepo yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho, amayesetsa kubisala m'zigwa zazing'ono. M'madera opululu, imakonda dzungu-chowawa, anyezi, malo odyetserako ziweto, nkhalango zazitsamba. M'nyengo yozizira, imapezeka m'mitchire ya udzu, nthenga-udzu.
Kulans amapezeka m'maiko asanu ndi atatu padziko lapansi:
- China;
- Mongolia;
- India;
- Kazakhstan;
- Turkmenistan;
- Afghanistan;
- Uzbekistan;
- Israeli.
M'mayiko awiri omaliza nyamayi imabwezeretsedwanso. Malo okhalamo ali kum'mwera kwa Mongolia komanso moyandikana ndi China. Anthu ena onse otsala ndi ochepa ndipo amakhala otalikirana okhaokha, pali malo 17 okhala nyama izi, osalumikizana. Ku Transbaikalia, kulan imapezeka m'dera la Lake Torey Nur, komwe amalowa kuchokera ku Mongolia.
Kudera la Batkhyz (Turkmenistan), nyengo zosamukira zimachitika, nthawi yachilimwe nyama zikafika kumwera, kupita ku Afghanistan, komwe kuli magwero otseguka amadzi. Mu Juni-Julayi, kulans amasunthira chakumwera, mu Novembala amabwerera, ngakhale anthu ambiri amakhala pansi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kulan amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kulan amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: kulan yaku Tibet
Membala uyu wa banja la equine amakonda zakudya zamankhwala azakudya zake, samadya zitsamba zoyipa. M'nyengo yachilimwe, mndandanda wazakudya zake umakhala ndi chimanga chaching'ono, anyezi wakutchire, ndi zitsamba. M'nyengo yophukira, gawo lalikulu limagwera chowawa, saltwort. M'nyengo yozizira, chimanga chimakhalanso chakudya chachikulu. Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, minga ya ngamila, saxaul ndi zipatso za kandim zitha kukhala zowonjezera m'malo mwake.
Pazakudya zazikuluzikulu za anthu osatulutsidwawa, pali mitundu 15 ya zomera, nayi ina mwa iyo:
- mtundu wobiriwira;
- sedge;
- moto;
- nthenga udzu;
- Bayalych;
- ebelek;
- kulan-chop;
- chiguduli;
- tsamba kawiri;
- ephedra;
- shrub hodgepodge.
M'nyengo yozizira, pomwe kulibe chipale chofewa, kulans amadyetsa udzu womwewo; ngati kuya kwa chipale chofewa chimaposa masentimita 10, kumakhala kovuta kudya. Amayesetsa kupeza chakudya kuchokera pansi pa chipale chofewa, kukumba ndi ziboda zawo. Ngati chipale chofewa chimakhala nthawi yayitali komanso chivundikirocho chili chokwera, ndiye kuti nyama zoyamwitsa zimawononga mphamvu zawo kukumba chisanu. Amakonda kupita kumapiri, madera otsetsereka, zigwa, kumene kulibe chipale chofewa ndipo kumeneko amadyera tchire. Zimasamukira m'nyengo yachisanu. Popeza kuti amayenera kukumba kwa nthawi yayitali chisanu chofundidwa ndi ziboda, ziboda za nyama zimagwetsedwa mpaka magazi.
Kulans amafuna akasupe amadzi, makamaka nthawi yachilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, amathetsa ludzu lawo ndi matalala, kusungunula madzi ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi malita 10-15 a chinyezi, koma amamwa mofunitsitsa ngati pali magwero.
M'nyengo yotentha, malo othirira amakhala ofunikira kwambiri. Ngati kulibe malo opezera madzi, a kulan amachoka m'malo amenewo. Ngati pali mwayi wopeza madzi pamtunda wa 15-20 km, ndiye kuti gulu limayendera tsiku lililonse m'mawa kapena madzulo. Ngati dzenje lakuthirira lili pamtunda wa makilomita angapo, ndiye kuti nyama zimatha kuchita popanda kumwa masiku 2-3, koma zimafunikira malo othirira nthawi zonse. Ngati akasupewa adzauma nthawi yotentha kapena maderawa akukhala ndi ziweto, kulan sapezeka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kulans amatha kumwa madzi amchere owawa, omwe abulu ngakhale ngamila samamwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kulan mu steppe
A Kulans amakhala ndi moyo wokondana ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi, ziweto zimasinthanso kuchuluka kwawo, chifukwa chake kumakhala kovuta kudziwa kukula kwa malo awo. M'nyengo yotentha, ziweto siziyenda mtunda wopitilira 15 km kuchokera kumadzi. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira komanso malo othirira, palibe amene amasokoneza nyama, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala m'dera lomwelo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndikutha kwa msipu kwa nyengo, dera lomwe dera limakhala ziweto lingakulire kasanu. Ng'ombe zimatha kusamukira kutali kwambiri ndikugwirizana m'magulu akulu nyengo. Mwambiri, nyama masana kuti zipumule 5 - 8 maola, kusintha 3 - 5 maola, nthawi yotsala imadya.
Kulans tsiku lonse, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumalo odyetserako ziweto, kudya udzu. Nthawi yotentha, ntchentche ikakhumudwitsa kwambiri, nyama zimatha kukwera m'malo afumbi. Kwa usiku nyama zonyenga zimasankha shrub yochepa kwambiri. Kutacha, atadzuka pomwe amakhala, amapita pang'onopang'ono kukatunga madzi, kutuluka kwa dzuwa amafalikira m'chipululu ndikudya msanga mpaka madzulo, dzuwa litalowa amakumananso padziwe lothirira pang'onopang'ono. Nyama zimayandikira madziwo m'njira zopondaponda zomwe zimayikidwa m'malo otsika.
Ngati mtsogoleriyo awona zoopsa, ndiye kuti amathamangira kothamanga koyamba. Pankhaniyi, ziwetozo zatambasulidwa m'litali, mbalame yamphongo imabwerera, ikuyitana achibalewo ndi neigh, amawalimbikitsa powaluma kapena kusuntha kwamutu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Imodzi mwamagulu aphedwa, nyamayo imabwerera kwa iye kwa nthawi yayitali ikuyenda mozungulira, kumamuyitana ndi neigh.
Kuthamanga kwa ziweto kumathamanga kumafika 70 km pa ola, kotero zimatha kuyenda pafupifupi 10 km. Pa liwiro lapakati pa 50 km pa ola limodzi, nyama zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Ndizosatheka kuyendetsa kulan wokwera pamahatchi. Pothamangitsa, nyama zimakonda kudula mseu wopita pagalimoto kapena wokwera, ndikupangitsa izi kuyenda katatu.
Kulans amatha msipu pafupi ndi nkhosa kapena ng'ombe za mahatchi, amakhala odekha pakupezeka kwa munthu ngati sanasokonezeke, koma samakwanira mabowo othirira ziweto, ngakhale ali ndi ludzu lamphamvu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cub of kulan
6-12 kulans amapanga gulu. Khola lalikulu mmenemo ndi mphalapala yayikulu, yosamalira ana ake aakazi ndi ana azaka ziwiri zoyambirira. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maere ndi ana amatha kulimbana ndi banja. M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zimaphatikizana kukhala ziweto. M'dera limodzi lotere, mutha kukhala anthu zana kapena kupitilira apo. M'mbuyomu, pomwe panali ma kulan ambiri ku Central Asia, ku Kazakhstan, ziweto zawo zidakwanira mitu masauzande ambiri.
Mare wamkulu amatsogolera gulu. Stallion amadyetsa ndikuyang'ana abale ake kuchokera kumbali. Amatsogolera gululo ndi mafunde pamutu pake, ndikudina makutu ake, ndipo ngati wina samvera iye, amamenya, akutulutsa mano ndikuluma. Mkazi wotsogola samakhala wamkulu nthawi zonse kuposa enawo, kupatula iye pali akazi angapo. Amamvera mkuluyo mosakaikira ndipo amatsogolera mamembala ena a gululo. Anthu ena ammudzimo amayenda awiriawiri, kukanda wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukondana kwawo. Anthu onse ammudzimo, akudya msipu, nthawi zina akukweza mitu yawo, amawongolera zomwe zikuchitika. Atazindikira zoopsa, amaliza abale awo za izi.
Nthawi ya kulans imayambitsidwa kuyambira Juni mpaka koyambirira kwa Seputembala, kutengera malo okhala. Pakadali pano, mahatchi amathamangathamanga mozungulira ziweto, amakwera, amatuluka mozungulira. Nthawi ngati imeneyi, achinyamata amapatukana ndikuwona kuchokera mbali. Kanyama kameneka kamathamangitsa ana amphongo. Pakadali pano, ofunsira ali ndi ndewu zowopsa. Omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachikhalidwe kwa nthawi yoyamba amasiyana ndi ziwetozo ndikuyendayenda, kufunafuna akazi kapena ziweto zomwe zili ndi kanyama kakang'ono, kuti athe kumenya nawo nkhondo kuti akhale ndi gulu la akazi.
Mimba imakhala miyezi 11, ana amabwera mu Epulo-Julayi. Mwana wamphongoyo amatha kuthamanga nthawi yomweyo, koma amatopa msanga. Poyamba amagona muudzu, ndipo amayi ake amadyetsako msipu patali. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, amatha kuthawa kale pangozi ndi gulu la ziweto. Patatha mwezi umodzi, amapita nawo nthawi zonse, kudyetsa udzu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mkazi akabwera ndi mwana wa ng'ombe, ziwombankhanga zimanunkhiza, nthawi zina zimayesa kuluma, koma mayi amateteza mwanayo. Amalira ndikuluma, kuyendetsa zigawenga zankhanza. Kanyama kameneka kamatetezanso kulanok kuti asatengeke ndi akazi ena kapena achinyamata.
Adani achilengedwe a kulans
Chithunzi: Kulany
Nkhandwe ndi imodzi mwazirombo zazikulu. Koma sizimavulaza nyama izi. Gululo limadziwa kuyimirira lokha. Ngakhale mkazi, kuteteza mwana wamphongo, amatha kutuluka mu duel ndi chilombo. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, nyama zofooka, makamaka zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mimbulu. Kuopseza kulans kumachitika chifukwa chakusaka nyama, zikopa, mafuta, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zamankhwala, monga chiwindi. Kusaka nyama izi ndikoletsedwa m'maiko onse, koma kuwononga nyama zamtchire kumachitika.
Ku Mongolia, ngozi imadza chifukwa chakukula mwachangu kwa zomangamanga, makamaka pokhudzana ndi migodi, zomwe zimabweretsa zolepheretsa kusamuka. Zotsatira zoyipa za migodi ndi miyala yamadzi m'madzi sizinaphunzirenso. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi anthu 60,000 ogwira ntchito m'migodi mosaloledwa amasintha malo awo ndikuwononga malo. Zopseza kumpoto kwa China zikukhudzana ndi kukulitsa kwazinthu zopangira zinthu, zomwe zatsogolera kale kuthetsedwa kwa magawo ena a nkhokwe ya Kalamayli, kuwonongedwa kwa mipanda ndi mpikisano wa anyezi ndi abusa am'deralo ndi ziweto zawo.
Ku Little Kachskiy Rann ku India, kuchepa kwa anthu kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita za anthu. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka zasintha kuyambira pomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa projekiti ya Mega Narmada Dam, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngalande za Sardar-Sarovar zikhale mozungulira malo otetezedwa. Kutulutsa madzi kuchokera ku Canal-Sarovar Canal ku Ranne kumalepheretsa mayendedwe a anyezi kudutsa m'chipululu chamchere.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kulany
M'mbuyomu, malo okhalamo amafalikira m'mapiri ndi m'chipululu cha Russian Federation, Mongolia, kumpoto kwa China, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, Central Asia, Middle East, kuphatikiza Iran, Arabia Peninsula ndi Malaya Peninsula. Masiku ano, malo okhalamo amtunduwu ndi kumwera kwa Mongolia komanso moyandikana ndi China. Anthu ena onse otsala ndi ochepa ndipo amakhala otalikirana kwambiri.
Kulans ataya 70% yamalo awo kuyambira zaka za 19th ndipo tsopano asowa m'maiko ambiri am'mbuyomu, makamaka chifukwa champikisano ndi ziweto za malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo othirira, komanso chifukwa cha kusaka kwambiri. Anthu otsala kwambiri amapezeka kumwera kwa Mongolia ndi madera ena oyandikana ndi China. Awa ndi mitu 40,000, ndipo ku Trans-Altai Gobi mwina pali enanso 1,500. Izi ndi pafupifupi 75% ya anthu onse. Akuti nyama 5,000 zimapezeka ku China yoyandikana nayo, makamaka m'chigawo cha Xinjiang.
Kulan amapezeka ku Maly Kachsky Rann ku India - mitu 4,000. Chiwerengero chachinayi cha anthu ambiri chili ku Altyn-Emel National Park kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan. Idabwezeretsedwanso, ndi nyama 2500-3000.Pali anthu awiri obwezeretsedwa ku Kazakhstan pachilumba cha Barsa-Kelmes, omwe ali ndi nyama pafupifupi 347, ku Andasay komwe kuli pafupifupi 35. Zonsezi, pali nyama pafupifupi 3100 ku Kazakhstan.
Gulu lachisanu lalikulu kwambiri lili ku Katruye National Park komanso kudera loyandikana ndi Bahram-i-Goor kumwera kwa chigawo chapakati cha Iran - mayunitsi 632. Chiwerengero chonse ku Iran ndi pafupifupi nyama 790. Ku Turkmenistan, kuli ma kulan kokha mdera lotetezedwa ku Badkhyz, m'malire ndi Iran ndi Afghanistan. Kafukufuku wa Badkhyz mu 2013 adazindikira anthu 420, kutsika kwa 50% poyerekeza ndi 2008. Kuyesa mwachangu mu 2012, 2014 ndi 2015 kukuwonetsa kuti manambala atha kukhala otsika kwambiri.
Kubwezeretsedwanso ku Sarykamysh Zapovednik kwakhala kopambana kwambiri, komwe kuli anthu 300-350 nyama, zikufalikira ku Uzbekistan, komwe kuli ena 50. Malo ena onse obwezeretsanso zinthu ali kumwera. Awa ndi anthu pafupifupi 100 m'chigawo chachilengedwe cha Meana-Chacha, 13 ku Western Kopetdag ndi 10-15 ku Kuruhaudan. Zonse pamodzi, pafupifupi nyama 920 zimakhala ku Turkmenistan komanso moyandikana ndi Uzbekistan. Anthu obwezeretsedwanso ku Negev ku Israel pano akuwerengedwa kuti ndi anthu 250. Padziko lonse lapansi, kulans onse ndi 55 000. Nyamayo ili pamtundu wokhala pachiwopsezo.
Kuteteza kulans
Chithunzi: Kulans ochokera ku Red Book
Mu Red Book, nyamayi mu 2008 idasankhidwa ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Posachedwa, kuchuluka kwa anthu kwakhazikika chifukwa cha njira zina zotetezedwa ndikubwezeretsanso. M'mayiko onse, kusaka nyama izi ndikoletsedwa ndipo madera otetezedwa adapangidwa kuti ateteze kulan. Koma madera onsewa ndi opanda pake m'derali, ndipo sangapereke chakudya, magwero amadzi chaka chonse, ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa anthu. Kunja kwa madera otetezedwa, nyama zimaphedwa ndi ozembetsa nyama.
Tsoka ilo, mu 2014, China idachotsa gawo lalikulu la Kalamayli Sanctuary, malo othawirako a kulans ku Xinjiang, kuti alole migodi yamalasha kumeneko. Malo Otetezedwa a Badkhyz ku Turkmenistan ndi Great Gobi National Park ku Mongolia adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa omwe akufuna kusankhidwa kukhala UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Ku Badkhyz, kukulitsa malo osungira zachilengedwe aboma, malo ena oyandikira malo achilengedwe komanso njira yachilengedwe yomwe imateteza kusamuka kwa kulans kuli mkati.
Adafunsidwa kuti abwezeretse "njira yopyola malire" yolumikiza malo osungira zachilengedwe a Kalamayli m'chigawo cha Xinjiang ku China komanso dera lotetezedwa kwambiri ku Gobi ku Mongolia kudzera m'malire a mayiko awiriwa. Ntchito zatsopano zobwezeretsanso zikukambidwa ku Kazakhstan ndi Iran.
Kukula mwachangu kwa zomangamanga kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu pakusamalira anthu osamukira kumayiko ena. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo yatsopano ya chipukuta misozi zachilengedwe mu 2012 itha kukhala chida chabwino chophatikizira chitukuko cha zachuma ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyama zoyendayenda monga kulans zipulumuke.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/12/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:15
