Gulugufe wam'madzi - ndi wokongola kwambiri, gulugufe wokongola kwambiri wamabanja oyendetsa sitima (okwera pamahatchi). Mapiko a mapiko a mbalame zotchedwa swallowtail amatha kufika masentimita 8, ndipo zazikazi zimakhala masentimita 9 mpaka 10. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi agulugufe onse masana, tinyanga tomwe timakhala ngati timatope timakhala ngati timatumba.
Mapiko akumbuyo amakhala ndi zotuluka ngati michira mpaka 1 cm. Mapiko agulugufe a swallowtail ndi achikasu, okhala ndi mtundu wakuda, mapiko akumbuyo akhoza kukhala ndi mawanga abuluu ndi achikasu, komanso ali ndi "diso" lowala kwambiri mkatikati mwa mapiko.
Ngati muyang'anachithunzi cha gulugufe cha swallowtail, ndiye mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwake kwamithunzi yamapiko ake - kuchokera kumchenga wotuwa, pafupifupi woyera, mpaka wachikaso chowala.
Izi ndichifukwa choti mtundu wa gulugufe umadalira nyengo yomwe imakhalamo. Kumpoto kwa malo ake, utoto wake ndi wotumbululuka, mtundu wakuda umawonekera mwamphamvu pamapiko.
Pomwe anthu akummwera a gulugufe wa swallowtail ndi okulirapo ndipo amakhala ndi mapiko achikasu kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe akudawo amakhala osalala kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala gulugufe
Malo okhala agulugufe kumeza modabwitsa lonse. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku North Africa, North America, ku Asia konse, ngakhale kumadera otentha, ku Europe konse, kupatula Ireland ndi pafupifupi England yonse, momwe agulugufe amapezeka m'dera laling'ono la Norflock County, komanso m'maiko onse kuchokera Kumpoto
Nyanja ya Arctic mpaka ku Black Sea ndi Caucasus. Gulugufe wam'madzi amawonedwa ngakhale kumtunda kwa mita 4500 pamwamba pa nyanja ku Tibet. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa malo, mpaka makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri zazing'ono za swallowtail zimasiyanitsidwa.
Mutha kusilira ma subspecies osankhidwa pafupifupi ku Europe konse. Kum'mwera kwa Siberia, kuli mtundu wina wotchedwa subsentecies wotchedwa orientis. M'malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri a Priamurskaya ndi Primorskaya, amakhala chachikulu swallowtail ussuriensis subspecies, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya gulugufe.
Madera azilumba monga Sakhalin, Japan ndi zilumba za Kuril ndi kwawo kwa achinyengo. Ma subspecies amurensis amapezeka m'malo onse am'munsi ndi pakati pa Amur. Kudera lamapiri la Trans-Baikal Territory komanso pakatikati pa Yakutia, pamakhala magulu awiriwa: asiatica, kumpoto kwa maderawa, ndi orientis, omwe amakonda nyengo yakumwera pang'ono.
Mitundu iwiri mwa mitundu yosafufuzidwa yomwe ili ku Japan - mandschurica ndi chishimana. Okonda nyengo yotentha - gorganus - amapezeka mdera la Central Europe, kumpoto kwa Caucasus komanso kumwera kwa Russia.
Ku Great Britain brutannicus komanso ku North America, ma aliaska subspecies amakonda malo ozizira kwambiri. Madera a Caucasus ndi Nyanja ya Caspian adakhala likulu la centralis ndi rustaveli, komalizira, komabe, amakhala makamaka kumapiri. Muetingi adakhalanso madera okwera mapiri a Elbrus. Agulugufe a Syriacus subspecies amapezeka ku Syria.
Mwa ma subspecies onse, ma kamtschadalus odabwitsa amawonekera kuposa ena onse - mapiko awo amakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, koma mtundu wakuda ndi wotumbululuka, komanso, mchirawo ndiwofupikitsa kuposa ena amtundu wina.
Chifukwa chosiyana pakati pa agulugufe amibadwo yosiyana komanso kudalira kwamitundu yamapiko kutentha kwa malo okhala, akatswiri amisonkho sanafike pamalingaliro amodzi, ndipo ma subspecies ambiri amakhala ovuta komanso osadziwika.
Mwachitsanzo, mdera la Ussuri moyo wa moyo subspecies ussuriensis, koma, malinga ndi ena, sangathe kusiyanitsidwa ngati subspecies yapadera, chifukwa amangokhala amurensis obadwa mchilimwe.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa gulugufe wa swallowtail
Nthawi yanthawi yotentha ya gulugufe ya swallowtail ndiyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, komanso kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti, ngakhale ma subspecies ena akumwera amapezeka mu Seputembala.
Mitundu ya agulugufe amasintha nthawi ndipo amakonda malo otseguka dzuwa - m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, madambo, minda yotseguka, minda ndi mapaki amzinda wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri.
M'malo ake achilengedwe, gulugufe wa swallowtail ali ndi adani ambiri - mbalame zovulaza, akangaude komanso mitundu ina ya nyerere zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa gulugufe.
Kujambula ndi Maaka wakuda wakumeza
Pachifukwa ichi gulugufe kachilomboka kamameza agulugufe komanso olimbikira kwambiri, ngakhale atakhala pansi duwa kuti adye, agulugufewa nthawi zambiri sapinda mapiko awo ndikukhala okonzeka kukugwedeza mphindi iliyonse. Machaon Maaka (Maak bwato kapena wonyamula mchira) ndiye gulugufe wamkulu kwambiri ku Russia. Amakhala ku Primorye, South Sakhalin, dera la Amur, komanso ku Japan, China ndi Korea.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zomwe zimamera maluwa. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna, mtundu wa gulugufe nthawi zambiri amakhala wakuda, wokhala ndi mitundu yobiriwira, yabuluu komanso yofiirira.
Chakudya cha gulugufe cha Swallowtail
Mamalonda a Machaon Amawerenga kuti adye zolimba kuyambira pomwe amatuluka dzira. Chifukwa chake, chomera chodyera mbozi chimakhala chomwe mayi gulugufe adayikira dzira.
Nthawi zambiri, zomerazi ndi katsabola, parsley, fennel ndi mbewu zina za ambulera. Ngati palibe zomera zotere pafupi, ndiye kuti mbozi zimatha kudyetsa alder kapena, chowawa. Pakutha pake, mbozi imasiya kudya.
Chakudya chokhacho chovomerezeka cha gulugufe choswedwa, komanso agulugufe ambiri, ndi timadzi tokoma, pomwe agulugufe alibe zokonda zilizonse.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yoberekera gulugufe imayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, koma zigawo zakumwera zimatha kubwerezedwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti, kutengera nyengo. Mkazi amaikira mazira otumbululuka achikasu pamitengo kapena pansi pa masamba a fodya.
Mkazi m'modzi m'moyo wake, womwe umatha pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi awiri, amatha kuikira mazira opitilira zana, ndikuikira mazira awiri kapena atatu njira iliyonse. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata limodzi, mazirawo amasintha mtundu, ndikupeza mtundu wakuda.
Pupa wakuda swallowtail
Mbozi imaswa m'mibadwo iwiri - woyamba amadziwika kuti ndi mbozi yomwe imaswa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, komanso m'badwo wachiwiri, womwe udaswa mazira pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. Ndi mbozi yokhayo yomwe yamaswa ndi yakuda, yokhala ndi malo oyera oyera kumbuyo ndi njenjete zakuda zozunguliridwa ndi ma halos a lalanje.
Pamene mbozi imakula, mtundu wa mbozi umasintha - mbozi imasandulika yobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe ili mthupi mwake, ziphuphu zimatha, ndipo ma halos amakhalabe mawanga a lalanje pamizere yomweyi.
Nthawi ikafika, mbozi zimakonda kuzomera zomwe zimakhalamo ndikudyetsa. Pupae wa gulugufe m'badwo woyamba nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wobiriwira wokhala ndi kachitidwe ndi kadontho kakang'ono kakuda.
Zilonda zam'badwo wachiwiri ndizolimba, zofiirira kapena zofiirira, zakonzedwa kuti zizitha kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Gulugufeyo amaswa kuchokera ku chibonga cha chilimwe pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, pomwe kukula mkati mwa nyerere yozizira kumatenga miyezi ingapo.
Chifukwa cha malo okhalamo komanso mawonekedwe osavuta koma owoneka bwino, kutchuka kwa gulugufe wa swallowtail pagulu la anthu kwachuluka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, gulugufe la swallowtail lidalembedwa mu Red Book m'maiko ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala chizindikiro cholimbana ndi kuteteza nyama zakutchire.
Chifukwa chake ku Tatarstan "Chigwa cha Swallowtail”Kodi dzinali linali dzina lantchito yachitukuko yokhalamo nyumba yokhazikitsidwa makamaka kuti isawononge malo ofunikira m'mbuyomu okhala ndi nyanja zing'onozing'ono. Ku Latvia, mu 2013, zidutswa za parishi ya Skrudaliena zidayikidwa chithunzi cha gulugufe cha swallowtail.
