Beseni la malasha la Kuznetsk ndilo gawo lalikulu kwambiri lamchere ku Russia. M'dera lino, chuma chamtengo wapatali chimachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa. Dera lake ndi 26.7 zikilomita zikwi.
Malo
Beseni la malasha lili ku Western Siberia (kumwera kwake). Madera ambiri amapezeka m'chigawo cha Kemerovo, chomwe chimadziwika ndi chuma chake chamchere, kuphatikiza bulauni ndi malasha olimba. Gawoli lili mu dzenje lakuya lozunguliridwa ndi Kuznetsk Alatau kumtunda mbali imodzi ndi Salair Kryazh, komanso dera lamapiri-taiga la Gornaya Shoria mbali inayo.
Derali lili ndi dzina lina - Kuzbass. Taiga imafalikira kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakumwera, koma makamaka beseni limakhala ndi nkhalango ndi nkhalango. Mitsinje yayikulu mderali ndi Tom, Chumysh, Inya ndi Yaya. M'dera la beseni la malasha pali malo akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale, kuphatikizapo Prokopyevsk, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo. M'magawo amenewa, amachita nawo malonda amakala, zopangira komanso zopanda mafuta, mphamvu, umagwirira ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi.
Khalidwe
Ofufuza apeza kuti pafupifupi 350 matumba amakala amitundu ndi kuthekera kwake amakhala mokhazikika pamtengowo. Amagawidwa mosagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, suite ya Tarbaganskaya imaphatikizira zigawo 19, pomwe magulu a Balakhonskaya ndi Kalchuginskaya ali ndi 237. Makulidwe apamwamba kwambiri ndi mamita 370. Monga lamulo, zigawo za kukula kwa 1.3 mpaka 4 m zimapambana, koma M'madera ena, mtengo wake umafika 9, 15, ndipo nthawi zina 20 m.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa migodi ndi mamita 500. Nthawi zambiri, kuzama kumafikira ku 200 m.
M'madera a beseni, ndizotheka kutulutsa mchere wamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, akatswiri pantchitoyi akuti ndi ena mwa akatswiri pano. Kotero, malasha abwino kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi chinyezi cha 5-15%, zosowa za phulusa 4-16%, kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu kapangidwe kake (mpaka 0.12%), osaposa 0,6% sulfure ndi kutsika kwambiri kwa zinthu zosakhazikika.
Mavuto
Vuto lalikulu la beseni la malasha la Kuznetsk ndi malo atsoka. Chowonadi ndichakuti gawoli lili kutali ndi madera omwe atha kukhala ogula, chifukwa chake amawoneka kuti ndiopanda phindu. Zotsatira zake, zovuta zimabwera pakuyenda kwa mchere, popeza njanji zadela lino sizinakule bwino. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala ndalama zazikulu zoyendera, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa mpikisano wamalasha, komanso chiyembekezo chodzakulitsa beseni mtsogolo.
Limodzi mwamavuto akulu ndi momwe zachilengedwe zilili m'derali. Popeza kuti kukula kwachuma kukuchuluka, mabungwe ambiri omwe amagulitsa ndimakola amayenda pafupi ndi midzi. M'madera amenewa, zachilengedwe zimadziwika kuti ndizovuta komanso zowopsa. Mizinda ya Mezhdurechensk, Novokuznetsk, Kaltan, Osinniki ndi ena ndiomwe atengeka kwambiri. Zotsatira zakusokonekera kwake, kuwonongeka kwa miyala ikuluikulu kumachitika, maboma amadzi apansi panthaka amasintha, mlengalenga mumayipitsidwa ndi mankhwala.
Maganizo
Pali njira zitatu zokumbiramo makala mu Kuznetsk Basin: mobisa, ma hydraulic komanso otseguka. Zogulitsa zamtunduwu zimagulidwa ndi anthu komanso mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, mu beseni, malasha amtundu wosiyanasiyana amawumbidwa, otsika kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri.
Kuwonjezeka kwa migodi ya malasha opencast kudzalimbikitsa kwambiri pakukula kwa dera komanso njira zoyendera. Kale mu 2030, gawo lachigawo cha Kemerovo pakupanga malasha liyenera kukhala 51% yathunthu mdziko muno.
Njira zamigodi yamakala
Njira zobisika za migodi yamalasha ndizofala. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kupeza zinthu zopangira zabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo ndiyo njira yoopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zomwe ogwira ntchito amavulala kwambiri. Malasha osungidwa ndi njirayi amakhala ndi phulusa lochepa komanso zinthu zosakhazikika.
Njira yotseguka ndiyoyenera nthawi yomwe malasha amasungidwa. Kuti atenge malashawo pamiyala, ogwira ntchito amachotsa ntchito yochulukirapo (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito bulldozer). Njirayi ikudziwika chifukwa mchere ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Njira yama hayidiroliki imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali madzi apansi panthaka.
Ogulitsa
Omwe amagula malasha ndimakampani omwe amachita nawo mafakitale monga coke ndi mankhwala. Migodi ya malasha ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga mafuta. Maiko akunja ndi ogula ofunikira. Malasha amatumizidwa ku Japan, Turkey, Great Britain ndi Finland. Chaka chilichonse amapereka zowonjezera ndipo mgwirizano watsopano umamalizidwa ndi mayiko ena, mwachitsanzo, ndi mayiko aku Asia. Gawo lakumwera kwa Russia ndi Western Siberia, komanso Urals, amakhalabe ogula nthawi zonse pamsika wanyumba.
Zogulitsa
Kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe kumakhala m'malo am'mabuku ndi zachuma monga Leninsky ndi Erunakovsky. Pafupifupi matani 36 biliyoni a malasha akhazikika pano. Madera a Tom-Usinskaya ndi Prokopyevsko-Kiselevskaya ali ndi matani 14 biliyoni, Kondomskaya ndi Mrasskaya - matani 8 biliyoni, Kemerovo ndi Baidaevskaya - matani mabiliyoni 6.6. Mpaka pano, mabizinesi amakampani apanga 16% ya nkhokwe zonse.
