Pagulu la mbalame zam'mlengalenga pali mbalame yaying'ono, yokongola komanso yosangalatsa. Amatchedwa mbalame ya sandpiper. Mbalame yosamukayi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zofala kwambiri.
Ku Russia kokha kuli pafupifupi 75 mitundu ya mbalame zouluka. Zizindikiro zawo zakunja ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nkhunda, koma pafupi ndi izi ndizofanana mbalame ya sandpiper ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera. Mbalamezi zimatchedwa semi-aquatic. Koma si mitundu yawo yonse yolumikizana mwachindunji ndi makamaka madzi.
Osati mbalame zowala kwambiri, zonse mumakhalidwe awo ndi mawonekedwe akunja, zimakhala ndi tanthauzo limodzi lodziwika kwa onse, koma mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wawo uli ndi kupatuka kwake kuzolowera. Mitundu yonse ya mbalamezi imakhala ndi miyendo yaitali komanso mlomo womwewo. Ndizosatheka kupeza m'chilengedwe mbalame zokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso mlomo, wokhala mgulu la mbalamezi.
Kulongosola kwa mbalame ya sandpiper kumapangitsa kuzindikira kuti mbalameyi ndi chiyani. Mbalameyi ndiyosuntha, imakhala ndi mapiko aatali komanso akuthwa. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mbalame ikamauluka, ili ndi mapiko otseguka, imawoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa momwe imakhalira.
Chithunzi cha mchenga wa mbalame imatsimikiziranso izi. Mbalamezi zimauluka mofulumira, zosagwedezeka. Mukamathawa, mutha kumva kuyimba kwawo kosangalatsa. Chida chachikulu nkhalango mbalame sandpiper mlomo wake wautali umatumikira.
Lili ndi zolandila zambiri zomwe zimathandiza mbalameyi panthawi yakudya. Momwe milomo imagwirira ntchito ndiyosavuta kwambiri. Kulik amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe ngati pali chilichonse chodya m'nthaka.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi yopanga nkhalango
Cholinga chachiwiri cha mlomo ndichachikulu kwambiri. Popeza mbalamezi zimadya nyamazi, zimagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo kuti athyole chigoba chawo cholimba ndikupeza kanyama kam'madzi komweko. Mtundu uliwonse wa mbalamezi umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu ndi machitidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, Kulik-magpie, mawonekedwe ake onse amafanana ndi nyani, chifukwa chake ndi dzina losavuta.
Poyerekeza ndi nthenga zake zakuda ndi zoyera, mlomo wake wa lalanje umayang'ana. Miyendo yake ndi yofiira. Kulik chibis imakhalanso ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera. Koma ndizosatheka kusokoneza ndi oyisita oyenda, chifukwa mutu wawutali wotuluka ngati mphanda ukuwoneka pamutu pake.
Pachithunzicho, mbalame kulik-lapwing
Mpheta kunja kwake imafanana kwenikweni ndi mpheta. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazoyimira zazing'ono zamtundu uwu wa mbalame. Kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira magalamu 27, ndipo nthenga zake zili ndi utoto wofiyira wakuda. Chapafupi ndi nyengo yachisanu, mtundu wa mbalame umasintha. Mlomo wa mpheta za mpheta ndi waufupi pang’ono poyerekeza ndi wa abale ake ena.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala sandpiper
Mbalame zodabwitsazi zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Amatha kuwoneka m'mapululu otentha a Central Asia, kuzilumba zozizira za m'nyanja ya Arctic komanso m'mapiri okwera kwambiri a Pamirs. Mbalame zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi m'mbali mwa mitsinje, nyanja ndi madambo. Nyama yawo ndi yopatsa thanzi komanso yokoma. Zimasiyana pang'ono ndi nkhuku, partridge kapena pheasant nyama.
Mu chithunzi mpheta yampheta
Pofuna kubzala, mbalame zimasankha malo okhala ndi anthu ochepa omwe sanapangidwe pazachuma chilichonse. Nkhalango, tundra, mitsinje yamapiri ndi madambo ndi malo awo omwe amakonda komanso amakonda. Pamene North imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kufunika kwa mbalamezi kwa anthu kumakulirakulira.
Pofuna kukaikira mazira, amasankha malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira tundra yosadutsika mpaka malo otambalala komanso mbewu zambewu. Amakopeka ndi gombe lotseguka komanso mchenga wamchenga.
Pali mitundu ya nkhalango zowoneka bwino. Izi ndi nkhuku komanso blackie. Pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zam'madzi zimasowa madzi pafupi nawo, koma palinso mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imasowa madzi. Amamva bwino m'chipululu komanso m'malo opanda madzi. Kwa chisanu, amasankha Africa, India, Australia, South Asia.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame ya sandpiper
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'midzi. Pandege ndi nyengo yozizira, nthawi zina amakonza gulu lankhosa lalikulu. Ena mwa iwo ndi osamukasamuka, pomwe ena amangokhala. Zimatengera dera lomwe amakhala. Koma ambiri aiwo adasamukabe.
Pali mbalame zambiri zam'madzi zomwe zimayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri pakauluka. Pali ambiri okhala usiku komanso okonda kucha pakati pawo. Ambiri a iwo amatha kuthamanga, kuwuluka komanso kusambira mwangwiro, osakhala ndi nembanemba yapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, amathanso kuyenda bwino nthawi imodzi.
M'chithunzicho muli magpie
Koposa zonse, mbalame zam'madzi zakhala zikuwona komanso kumva. Mbalamezi zimatha kuwetedwa mosavuta. Amasintha mwachangu ndipo amatha kuzolowera anthu ndi chakudya chomwe amadzipangira nthawi yomweyo. Amalemekezedwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu chifukwa chakuti amangowononga dzombe ndi udzudzu wambiri, womwe suwalola kukhala mwamtendere.
Chakudya cha sandpiper
Cholinga chodyetsa mbalame Pezani chakudya cha nyama chosowa mthupi lawo. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, mphutsi, molluscs, crustaceans, tizilombo tomwe timakhala pamwamba kapena timabisala mkati mwa nthaka.
Pali mbalame pakati pawo zomwe zimangokhutitsidwa ndi njere. Tinganene kuti waders zamasamba. Pali mitundu isanu ya chilengedwe. Chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha mbalame zam'madzi ndi dzombe. Amaziwononga pa ntchentche komanso zochuluka. Chakudya cha mbalame zosiyanasiyana.
Izi zimachitika kuti amadya zitsamba ndi zipatso. Amakonda kwambiri ma blueberries. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakhala zosangalatsa ngakhale ndi tirigu. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya mbalamezi imakonda kudya achule ndi mbewa mosangalala. Anthu ena amakonda nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya mbalame ya sandpiper
Epulo ndi mwezi wokomera mbalame zam'madzi. Mbalame zamphongo zimavina ngati kuvina zikuuluka, zomwe zimakopa chidwi chachikazi. Nthawi imeneyi, iwo ali makamaka phokoso. Malo achisa amasankhidwa ndi yamphongo. Nthawi zambiri, imapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba yawo yakale. Mkazi amagwira ntchito yomanga chisa, pomwe wamwamuna amamuthandiza pazonse.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wankhuku ndi mazira a mbalame chisa
Chisa chikakonzeka, chachikazi chimayikira mazira anayi obiriwira mmenemo ndikuwasamira masiku 21. Wamwamuna panthawiyi amamuthandiza ndikumuteteza pazonse. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi anapiye odziyimira pawokha amawonekera. Amawona bwino, amathamanga komanso amatha kusaka tizilombo. Zaka ziwiri zitabadwa, mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi zakonzeka kupanga mitundu iwiri. Mbalamezi zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 20.
