Mdziko la nsomba zam'madzi aku aquarium, pali omwe, motsutsana ndi malingaliro kuti alibe malingaliro apadera, amatha kuwonetsa zizolowezi zawo, mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo. Zachidziwikire, mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba uli ndi zake, zomwe zimakhala zake zokha. Koma pali anthu ena okhala m'madzi omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi ambiri. Imodzi mwa nsombazi ndi zakuthambo.
Astronotus mwachilengedwe
Pokhala wa mtundu wa Cichlids, Astronotus koyambirira kwake ndi nsomba zamtchire. Koma, monga mitundu ina, kuyamikira kukongola kwake, okonda ichthyofauna adapanga zakuthambo wokhala. Malo obadwira a zakuthambo ndi South America, basin Amazon, mitsinje ya Parana, Paraguay, ndi Negro. Pambuyo pake, adabweretsedwa ku China, Florida, Australia, komwe adazolowera bwino.
Iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu, kukula kwa 35-40 cm kuthengo (m'nyanja yam'madzi imangomera mpaka 25 cm), chifukwa chake, kwawo, imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba. Nyama ya Astronotus ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Thupi la nsombayo lidayala pang'ono kuchokera mbali, mawonekedwe owulungika ndi mutu waukulu ndi maso otuluka. Zipsepsezo ndizotalikirapo komanso zazikulu.
Astronotus mu aquarium
Yatsani chithunzi cha astronotus Mutha kuwona kuti nsombayo ndi "yochuluka", mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi, ndipo pakuyang'ana koyamba imawoneka ngati nsomba wamba yamsika.
Koma, mitundu ya astronotus imapangitsa kukhala kokongola kwambiri. Mtundu wa anthu osiyanasiyana ndiwosiyana ndipo zimadalira mtunduwo. Mbiri yayikulu imatha kukhala yotuwa komanso yakuda. Kukongola kwakukulu kwa astronotus kumaperekedwa ndi mikwingwirima yake kapena mawanga, omwe amapezeka pathupi.
Mtundu wa mawanga ndi wachikasu-lalanje. Nthawi zina, pafupi ndi mchira, pali malo ozungulira omwe amawoneka ngati diso, ndichifukwa chake manambala oyamba - ocellated amawonjezeredwa padzina la astronotus. Amuna amtundu wachikuda kwambiri kuposa zakuthambo wachikazi.
Nsombazo zikafuna kuti zibereke, mtundu wakuthupi wa thupi umakhala wakuda, mpaka wakuda, ndipo mawanga ndi mikwingwirima imakhala yofiira. Mwambiri, ma astronotus onse, atchire komanso opangidwa mwaluso, amasintha mtundu mosavuta ndikusintha kwamphamvu - nsomba zimawala kwambiri pakakhala kupsinjika kulikonse: kaya ndi nkhondo yomwe ikubwera, kuteteza gawo kapena mantha ena aliwonse.
Pachithunzicho nyenyezi ya zakuthambo
Ndi mtundu wa nsombayo, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi zaka zingati - achinyamata sanapangidwebe utoto wowala kwambiri, ndipo mikwingwirima yawo ndiyoyera. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yachilengedwe, mitundu ya haibridi idapangidwa tsopano: Kambuku wa zakuthambo (dzina lina ndi oscar), chofiira (pafupifupi ofiira kwathunthu, opanda mawanga), chophimba (chosiyanitsidwa ndi zipsepse zokongola zazitali), albino (nsomba zoyera zokhala ndi mabala ofiira ndi maso apinki), ndi ena ambiri.
Makhalidwe osungira nsomba Astronotus
Liti kusunga nyenyezi m'nyanja yamchere, zinthu zina ziyenera kuwonedwa. Chofunikira choyamba chidzakhala kukula kwa nyumba yawo - kutengera kukula kwa nsomba zomwezo, ndikofunikira kupatsa ma astronotus okhala ndi malo osachepera 250-400 malita.
Pachithunzicho, albino astronotus
Nsombazi sizomwe zimakonda madzi, kutentha kumatha kukhala 20-30 C⁰, acidity pH 6-8, kuuma pafupifupi 23⁰. Apanso, poyang'ana kukula kwa nsombazi, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti amafunika kusintha madzi pafupipafupi - mpaka 30% yama voliyumu amasintha sabata iliyonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa fyuluta yabwino kwambiri kuti zonyansa za nsombazo zisaphe madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azakuthambo amakonda kupanga chisokonezo mu aquarium - kukoka miyala, kuzula udzu, kuchotsa zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana ndi zida.
Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukana tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, apo ayi muyenera kuwasonkhanitsa pafupipafupi ndi kuwayika m'malo. M'malo mwa nthaka, mutha kuyika miyala yayikulu yambiri pansi, ikani algae kuti isakule, koma ikuyandama, konzani zida bwino. Ndikofunika kusiya zokongoletsa zakuthwa ndikudula, popeza nsomba, itayambitsanso kukonzanso kwina, imatha kuvulala.
Pachithunzicho, nyalugulu astronotus
Chofunikira china ku aquarium ndikuchiyika ndi chivindikiro. Popeza akatswiri azakuthambo amathamangira m'madzi, ndipo kufunafuna kena kake kapena winawake atha kudumpha ndikudzipeza okha pansi.
Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa kwa eni ake Nsomba za Astronotus Zomwe zimachitika ndikuti nsombayi imatha kukumbukira mwini wake, amasambira mpaka m'manja ndipo mosangalala amalola kuti isisitidwe.
Ngati munthu ali pafupi ndi aquarium, ndiye kuti nsomba iyi, mosiyana ndi ena, imatha kutsatira zomwe mwiniwake amachita, ngati kuti akufuna kuchita zinthu zake. Khalidwe lanzeru ili limakopa chidwi kwa omwe amakonda kuchita zinthu mongodzipangira okha. Zowona, chakudya chamanja chiyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, popeza nsomba imatha kuluma.
Astronotus ikugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti zakuthambo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake simungathe kuzikhazika m'nyanja imodzi yokhala ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimangoyamwa pang'ono. Momwemo, thanki yapadera iyenera kupatulidwa kuti ipangire ma Astronotus. Kupanda kutero, ngakhale kukhala pakati pa mbadwa zawo, nsomba zimatha kuyamba kukula, makamaka nthawi yobereka.
Ngati muli ndi aquarium yayikulu (kuyambira malita 1000), ndiye kuti mutha kusunga zakuthambo ndi ma cichlids ena osatsutsana, mwachitsanzo, geophagus. Mutha kuwonjezera metinis yayikulu ya haracin. Astronotus imagwirizana ndi ancistrus yaying'ono, amakhala bwino, ndipo kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zam'madzi zimakhazikitsa zinthu motsatira omwe amakonda kusodza nsomba zazikulu.
Koma, mutayamba dera loterolo, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuyika ma astronotus mu aquarium pambuyo poti ancistrus akhazikika pamenepo pang'ono. Pansi, muyenera kuyika zipilala za nthambi, ikani maloko kapena zokongoletsa zina zomwe catfish imatha kubisala pakagwa ngozi.
Simufunikanso kukonza nsomba zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri kukula kwake m'madzi amodzi. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti aquarium iyamba kudziyeretsa, ndipo simudzasowa kudyetsa ancistrus padera, chifukwa adzakhala ndi zotsala zokwanira patebulo la akatswiri a zakuthambo.
Zakudya zakuthambo
Mwachilengedwe chawo, ma Astronotus amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana - zomera ndi zinyama zawo. Tizilombo, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, tadpoles, amphibiya ang'onoang'ono ndi zosawerengeka, nsomba zazing'ono, zooplankton, ndere zosiyanasiyana.
M'nyanja yamchere, amatha kudyetsedwa ndi nyongolotsi, mavawulu am'magazi, nyama (makamaka nyama yamphongo yamphongo), crickets, ziwala, nyama zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi (kuposa nsomba zam'madzi, popeza nsomba zam'mitsinje zimatha kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa), nkhanu, zikopa za chakudya, granulated ndi chakudya patebulo. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mkate wakuda wosenda, oatmeal, masamba obiriwira ku chakudya.
Pachithunzicho, zakuthambo zotchinga
Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana komanso koyenera. Simungathe kupatsa nsomba mafuta ndi zakudya zopatsa mafuta ambiri, apo ayi mavuto am'mimba sangapewe. Komanso, werengani Chisamaliro cha zakuthambo amatanthauza masiku osala kudya, ndipo safunika kudyetsedwa kangapo patsiku.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo wa astronotus
Ma zakuthambo amayamba kubala mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Muyenera kudyetsa bwino nsombazo kuti zifike msinkhu wa masentimita 11-12 ndikukhala okhwima pogonana. Ngati muli ndi gulu lankhosa, ndiye kuti nsombazi zitha kugawikana pawokha ndikuyamba kukhala ndi gawo lawo lomwe limatetezedwa kwa oyandikana nawo. Awiri amatha kubzalidwa m'madzi osungira madzi ndikuyamba kuyambitsa kuberekana ndi kutentha komanso kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi.
Makolo oyembekezera, asanabadwe, amasintha mtundu wawo ndikuwala kwambiri, wamkazi amakhala ndi ovipositor, ndipo amaikira mazira 500-1500 pamwala woyeretsedwa bwino kapena paliponse paliponse.
Mazira amatha kusiyidwa ndi makolo achikondi, kapena kupita nawo ku aquarium yapadera, kuti muzisamalire nokha. Pambuyo maola 50, mphutsi zimayamba kuthyola, zomwe zimayamba kuyenda tsiku lachinayi. Kudyetsa kumayamba ndi tizigawo tating'onoting'ono, pang'onopang'ono ndikusinthira ku chakudya chokulirapo.
Ana amakula mpaka masentimita atatu pamwezi. Pazaka zotheka, mwachangu amatha kugulitsidwa kapena kugawidwa. Mtengo wa Astronotus zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwake, choncho nsomba mpaka masentimita 5 zimawononga ma ruble pafupifupi 500, ndipo yayikulu kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita 20, imawononga kakhumi.
Akatswiri a zakuthambo amaswana mwakufuna kwawo, pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi. Koma pachaka muyenera kupuma kwa miyezi 2-3. Kwa zaka 10, nsomba zimakhalabe zotheka kubereka, ndipo zimakhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera kwa zaka 15.
