Axolotl - Ili ndiye mphutsi ya ambistoma, imodzi mwazinthu zamtundu wa amphibian. Chodabwitsa cha neoteny ndichikhalidwe chanyama chodabwitsa ichi (kuchokera ku Chi Greek. "Achinyamata, kutambasula").
Kuperewera kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumalepheretsa amphibian kuti asamayende kuchoka pachimake kupita kwa munthu wamkulu. Chifukwa chake, ma axolotls amakhala mgawoli, kufikira kukhwima pakumagonana komanso kuthekera kuberekana, osasinthidwa.
Axolotls nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mphutsi zamitundu ziwiri: Kazembe waku Mexico ndi tiger ambistoma. Kumtchire, ambist amatha kupezeka m'njira ziwiri - neotenic (mu mawonekedwe a mbozi), ndi yapadziko lapansi (wamkulu wamkulu).
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a axolotl
Potanthauzira, axolotl ndi "galu wamadzi" kapena "chilombo chamadzi". Yatsani chithunzi axolotl sichikuwoneka chowopseza. M'malo mwake, amawoneka ngati chinjoka chokongola. Kufanana kumeneku kumaperekedwa kwa axolotl ndi magulu atatu ofananiratu otumphukira pamutu pa bedi, ofanana ndi timitengo tofewa.
Amathandiza nyama kupuma pansi pamadzi. Axolotl ndi ya mitundu yosawerengeka ya amphibians, yomwe, kuphatikiza ma gill, imakhalanso ndi mapapo. Nyama imasinthira kupuma m'mapapo zinthu zikasintha, kapena mulibe mpweya wokwanira m'madzi moyo wamba.
Ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kwa kupuma koteroko, ma gill atrophy. Koma axolotl sachita mantha. Chinjoka chaching'ono chimatha kukonzanso minofu yake, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, mitsempha imatha kusinthanso.
Maonekedwe abwino a "chilombo cham'madzi" amaperekedwa ndi maso ang'onoang'ono ozungulira mbali ya mkamwa mosalala ndi pakamwa ponse pansi pamutu. Zikuwoneka kuti axolotl imangomwetulira nthawi zonse, ikubwera mwauzimu kwabwino.
Mphutsi za Ambistoma, monga amphibiya onse, ndi nyama zolusa. Mano a nyama ndi ochepa komanso akuthwa. Ntchito yawo ndikugwira, osang'amba chakudya. Kutalika kwa axolotl kumafikira 30-35 cm, akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono. Mchira wautali, wopangidwa bwino umathandiza amphibiya kuyenda mosavuta m'madzi.
Axolotl amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi. Ziwiriziwiri zala zimatha ndi zala zazitali, zomwe amamatira miyala kuti azikankhira poyenda. M'malo awo achilengedwe, ofala kwambiri ndi ma axolotl abulauni, ndi nandolo wakuda wobalalika pathupi.
Ma axolotls apabanja nthawi zambiri azungu (albino) kapena akuda. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yawo, nyamazi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri m'magulu asayansi. M'malo ophunzitsira zikhalidwe zosunga axolotl pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Amphibians amaswana bwino, amasangalatsa asayansi okhala ndi mitundu yatsopano ya khungu.
Malo okhala Axolotl
Axolotls amapezeka m'madzi a Mexico - Xochimilco ndi Chalco. Asanafike ku Spain, anthu am'deralo adadya nyama ya ambista. Kumbali ya kukoma, imafanana ndi nyama yofewa ya eel. Koma pokonzanso mizinda, kuchuluka kwa ma axolotls kunachepa kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale pangozi mu Red Book.
Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti salamander imamva bwino kunyumba. Axolotl ndi imodzi mwazinyama zofala kwambiri za amphibian aquarium.
Kuthengo, ma axolotls amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi. Amasankha malo akuya ndi madzi ozizira komanso masamba ambiri. Nyanja za ku Mexico, zomwe zili ndi zilumba zoyandama komanso malo owolokera ngalande, asanduka nyumba zabwino zazinyama zam'madzi.
Malo okhala ma axolotls ndi otakata - pafupifupi makilomita zikwi 10, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwerengera anthu otsalawo.
Kusunga axolotl kunyumba
Vuto lalikulu ndi kusunga axolotl panyumba azisunga kutentha kwamadzi. Nyama zimamva bwino kutentha kuchokera 15-20C. Malire amalire ndi 23C. Kukhutitsa madzi kwa mpweya kumadalira kutentha kwake.
Ngati madzi ndi ofunda kwambiri, chiweto chimayamba kudwala. Ndibwino kuti muyike axolotl mu aquarium zida zoziziritsira madzi, koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito upangiri wa obereketsa omwe amakhala odziwika bwino.
Botolo la pulasitiki lamadzi oundana limatsitsidwira m'madzi, potero limachepetsa kutentha konse mu aquarium. Botolo lachiwiri liyenera kukhala lokonzeka mufiriji.
Mukamasankha chidebe chosungira axolotl, pitilizani kuchuluka kwa malita 40-50 pachinyama chilichonse. Madzi amadzazidwa ndi kulimba kwapakatikati kapena kwapamwamba, kutsukidwa ku chlorine.
Pansi pake mumadzaza mchenga wamtsinje, ndikuwonjezera miyala ingapo yaying'ono. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito timiyala tating'ono, popeza ma axolotls amathanso kumeza nthaka pamodzi ndi chakudya.
Ngati mchengawo umachoka mthupi momasuka, ndiye kuti miyala imatha kutseka dongosolo la amphibian, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto kwa nyama. Axolotls amakonda kubisala m'malo obisala, onetsetsani kuti pali malo obisika mu thankiyo.
Pachifukwa ichi, nkhuni, miphika, miyala yayikulu ndiyabwino. Chofunikira ndikuti zinthu zonse ziyenera kusinthidwa. Malo akuthwa ndi ngodya zovulaza khungu losalimba la amphibiya.
Kupezeka kwa zomera mu aquarium ndikofunikanso kwambiri. Axolotls amaikira mazira pa zimayambira zake ndi masamba nthawi yoswana. Kusintha kwamadzi kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata. Gawo la voliyumu imatsanulidwa ndikuwonjezera madzi abwino.
Sakani thanki mwezi uliwonse ndikuyeretsa. Ndikosayenera kusiya zotsalira za chakudya ndi kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa ziweto m'madzi. Zinthu zowola zikawonongeka, zinthu zimatulutsidwa zomwe zimasokoneza thanzi la amphibian.
Muli axolotl mu aquarium Ndikofunikira mosiyana ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi, kuphatikiza nsomba. Mitsempha ya chinjoka ndi khungu lowonda zitha kuukiridwa, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka komwe kumabweretsa mavuto komanso, nthawi zina, kumwalira. Chokhacho ndi nsomba zagolide.
Chakudya chobereka komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo
Pokhala amphibian wolanda nyama, axolotl imagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ngati chakudya. Ndi chisangalalo amadya nyongolotsi, mphemvu, crickets, mussel ndi nyama ya shrimp, chakudya chouma cha zilombo zamapiritsi. Sikoyenera kupereka nsomba zamoyo ku salamander, popeza ambiri mwa iwo ndi omwe amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo ma axolotls amatha kuwatenga.
Nyama ya Mamalia ndi yoletsedwa. Mimba ya chinjokayo siyingathe kugaya mapuloteni omwe amapezeka munyama yotere. Kubereka nkosavuta mokwanira. Anthu osiyana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amayikidwa mu aquarium imodzi. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna amasiyana kukula kwa ma cloaca.
Chovala chowonekera kwambiri ndikutuluka chimakhala champhongo. Wosalala komanso wosawoneka - mwa mkazi. Pambuyo pokwatirana kwakanthawi kochepa, champhongo chimatseketsa kuundana kwa spermatophore. Mkazi amazisonkhanitsa kuchokera pansi ndi chovala chake ndipo patatha masiku angapo amaikira mazira achikazi ndi mwachangu pamasamba a zomera.
Kutengera mtundu wa zinthu, ma axolotls- makanda amaswa m'kuwala milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Anawo amadyetsedwa ndi brine shrimp naupilia ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono. Daphnia ndi chakudya choyenera panthawiyi.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma axolotls amakhala ndi moyo wazaka 20. Mukasungidwa kunyumba - kutalika kwa moyo kumachepetsa. Gulani axolotl amapezeka m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto omwe amagulitsa zogulitsa nyama zam'madzi: nsomba ndi amphibian osiyanasiyana.
Malo ogulitsa pa intaneti amaperekanso mwayi wogula aquarium nsomba za axolotl. Mtengo wa Axolotl imasiyana ma ruble 300 pa mphutsi, ndipo mkati mwa 1000 rubles pamunthu wamkulu.
