Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mphaka wa m'nkhalango
Amphaka onse apanyumba adachokera kwa makolo akutchire omwe amakhala m'nkhalango zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo. Ndipo izi zidachitika munthawi imeneyo yachitukuko, pomwe anthu adayamba kuchita nawo ulimi.
Pofuna kusunga malo osungira nyengo yachisanu, anthu adayamba kumanga nkhokwe, pomwe mbewa, makoswe ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono adabadwa ochulukirapo, kuswana mwakhama m'malo omwe munali zakudya zabwino zokwanira.
Amphaka amtchire nawonso adakhazikika pamalopo, nawonso amadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo zinali munthawi izi pomwe anthu adayamba kuwadyetsa, kenako kuwachita zoweta, chifukwa zodya zazing'onozi zidakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi mbewa zoyipa.
Mwini wa amphaka oweta - nkhalango nkhalango akukhalabe m'nkhalango zowirira za Europe, Africa ndi kumpoto kwa Asia. Nyama iyi imakonda zigwa, koma imapezekanso m'mapiri, omwe kutalika kwake sikupitilira 2-3 km.
Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama kungakhale kuyambira theka la mita kapena kupitilira apo, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 35, ndipo amalemera kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 8 makilogalamu. Monga tawonera chithunzi, nkhalango nkhalango kunja kwake ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wamba wamizeremizere imvi, ali ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe maziko ake ndi mawonekedwe a nyama izi, mikwingwirima yakuda imawonekera.
Makutuwo ndi ozungulira atatu, apakatikati; mchira ndi waufupi, wofewa komanso wonenepa. Liwu la zolengedwa zamtchirezi ndizofanana ndi phokoso locheperako, zimathanso kukongolola ndikung'ung'udza, kutulutsa mkokomo ndikulira.
Zonsezi, pafupifupi 23 zazing'ono zamphaka zamtchire zafotokozedwa zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwa awa, anthu aku Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa ena onse, okhala ndi malaya opepuka.
Chikhalidwe mphaka waku nkhalango ku Europe akuphatikizapo nkhalango zaku Central ndi Western Europe, zomwe zimafalikira kumwera mpaka ku Spain. Mwanjira zambiri zofananira ndi ku Europe Mphaka wamtchire wa ku Caucasus... Koma subspecies iyi ndi yosiyana ndi abale ake kukula kwake kokulirapo. Ndipo kulemera kwa munthu payekha kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 11.
Imodzi mwa mitundu ya mphaka wa Bengal imaganiziridwa Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur... Chovala chobiriwira chanyama chimakhala ndi bulauni kapena bulauni kapena chikasu, chokhala ndi mawanga ofiira.
Kwa mtundu uwu, nyamazo nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa amphaka a kambuku. Amapezeka kufupi ndi Mtsinje wa Amur ku Far East mpaka kugombe la Nyanja ya Japan. Nyama izi, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa mphaka woweta, nthawi zambiri amazitcha ndipo Amphaka a m'nkhalango zakum'mawa kwa Far.
Kujambula ndi mphaka wamnkhalango waku Caucasus
Ubweya wokongola wa nyamazo chinali chifukwa chosakira mwakhama kuti upeze zikopa zawo. Nyamazo zidaphedwa zambirimbiri, zomwe zidakhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Ichi chinali chifukwa chowabweretsa Buku Lofiira. Amphaka amnkhalango lero, ngakhale ali otetezedwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, komabe, kuopsa kwa kutha kwawo sikunathe, ndipo kuwasaka kukupitilizabe.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamphaka wamnkhalango
Mphaka wamtchire wamtchire - cholengedwa chomwe chimakonda kusungulumwa. Ndipo iliyonse ya nyama zakutchire imayesetsa kutenga ndi kuteteza gawo lawo, nthawi zambiri kuwonetsa kumenya nkhondo.
Kujambula ndi mphaka wamtchire wamtchire
Nthawi zambiri madera omwe amakhala amakhala mahekitala 1-2, ndipo amphaka amalemba malire awo ndichinsinsi chonunkhira. Nyamazo ndizochita manyazi komanso kusamala, chifukwa chake, samakonda kucheza ndi anthu ndikudutsa komwe amakhala.
Amphaka amtchire amagwira ntchito usiku, ndipo amangopita kukasaka dzuwa litalowa dzuwa lisanalowe kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Amalimbana ndi omwe awazunza ndi kulumpha kamodzi, komwe kumatha kutalika mpaka 3 mita.
Koma zikalephera, zofunkha zolephera nthawi zambiri sizimatsatiridwa. Makutu akumva amathandiza amphaka amtchire kusaka, ndipo kuwona kwawo ndi kununkhira kwawo sikungakhale kotukuka kwenikweni.
Nyama sizimakonda kuderera, ndipo masiku amvula amakonda kukhala m'phanga lawo, momwe amakonda kusankha mabowo amitengo yomwe ili pamalo otsika m'chipululu cha nkhalango, kapena amapeza ming'alu ya nkhandwe ndi mbira, komanso zisa za mphalapala, zomwe nthawi zambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito kungoti kudzitchinjiriza ku ngozi yadzidzidzi.
Pachithunzichi pali mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur
Pokhala m'mapiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo awo athanthwe. Malo awo osakhalitsa atha kukhala pobisalira munthiti zazitali zazitali zazitali kapena zodikirira pansi pamapiri. Amphaka amtchire amathamanga bwino, amatha kubisala mwachangu kwa omwe amawathamangitsa, komanso kubisala kwa adani, kukwera mwaluso pamwamba pamtengo.
Ngakhale anali osamala, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika moyandikana ndi anthu, zomwe zimathandizirana nyama ndi anthu. Chitsanzo chowoneka bwino cha izi ndi mphaka wa ku nkhalango yaku Norway Ndi amodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yotchuka kumpoto kwa Europe.
Nyama zolimba komanso zamphamvuzi sikuti ndi osaka mwaluso okha komanso okhwima, koma kuyambira nthawi zakale akhala akugwira anthu ngati ziweto zofatsa, owononga makoswe ndi mbewa mwaluso - onyamula matenda komanso omwe amadya chakudya.
Kujambula ndi mphaka wa nkhalango yaku Norway
Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa amphaka aku Norway adabweretsedwa ku Scandinavia m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi pa zombo za ma Vikings - oyenda panyanja aluso omwe mokhulupirika amakhulupirira kuti nyama izi sizinali zina koma mbadwa za amphaka omwe adanyamula galeta la mulungu wamkazi Freya kudutsa mumlengalenga, wotengera kwa mbuye wawo, mawonekedwe ake , wa mtima wofatsa, komanso waukali komanso wokonda nkhondo, koma wopanda tsankho.
Amphaka amtchire aku Norway adakhazikika ku Europe, pang'onopang'ono adayamba kuweta, amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, koma nthawi yomweyo adadziyimira pawokha ndipo samayembekeza kuti angalandire anthu.
Gulani mphaka wa m'nkhalango masiku ano ndizotheka ku malo odyetsera apadera, ndipo obereketsa amateur nawonso akuchita izi. Ubweya wofewa wagolidi wa zolengedwa izi, maso awo a emarodi komanso kutha kukhala bwino ndi ana zimapangitsa okonda nyama zambiri kufuna kukhalitsa chiweto choterechi kunyumba.
Mtengo wamphaka wamtchire Zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo pamiyeso ya ma ruble 10 mpaka 50,000. Izi zonse zimadalira mtundu wokwanira, mtundu wa malaya ndi zina.
Ndipo omwe akugula ziweto zotere ayenera kudziwa kuti ndibwino kutenga tiana tija tili ndi miyezi itatu, ndikuwunika mosamala zikalata, kuyang'ana pazithunzi za makolo ndi zambiri zokhudza katemera.
Chakudya cha mphaka wa m'nkhalango
Mphaka wa m'nkhalango ndi nyama yaying'ono kwambiri. Koma ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, titha kumuwona ngati mlenje wopambana komanso wowopsa. Ndipo nyama zazing'ono zomwe amaziona pakhomo lolowera kumaenje awo, zimatha kukhala nyama yawo.
Izi zikhoza kukhala makoswe ang'onoang'ono: mbewa, hamsters ndi voles, komanso akalulu, hares ndi muskrats. Amphaka amtchire nawonso amalimbana ndi oimira mtundu wa weasel: ma ferrets, ma weasel, ma ermines, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amapatsa omenyera ufulu komanso kuwopseza.
Amphaka amtchire amasaka makoswe am'madzi ndi mbalame, makamaka mbalame zam'madzi, kukwera mitengo ikulendewera pamwamba pamadzi kudumpha misana yawo, kugwira nkhanu ndi nsomba m'madzi.
Amatsatiranso mbalame kuchokera ku nkhuku ndi zomwe zimapanga zisa pansi, zimawononga popanda chifundo, kudya mazira ndi anapiye opanda thandizo. Kuthamangitsa agologolo, amphaka amtchire amakwera mitengo yayitali kwambiri.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale samapezeka kawirikawiri, amphaka omwe amazunzidwa amatha kukhala ana a nyama zazikulu ndi zovulala monga agwape, chamois ndi agwape. Amphaka amtchire amakonda kugwira nyama zawo zokha.
Ndipo makamaka munthawi zovuta, pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya, sangafune kugawana nyama ndi abale awo. Pakhala pali amphaka amtchire owukira nkhuku ndi mbuzi. Zolowera m'minda, amphaka amtchire amanyamula nyama zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, akuba olanda nyama amapita kunkhondo yolanda nyama ngakhale agalu.
Kubala ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo wamphaka wamnkhalango
Amphaka a nkhalango zaokha amayang'ana kampani ya achibale awo kawiri kokha pachaka pa nthawi yokwatirana, kumayambiliro komwe amalemba malowo ndikupanga mawu akulira mwachisoni.
Akazi nthawi zambiri amatha kubereka asanapite miyezi 9-10. Amuna amakula patapita nthawi, ndipo amakhala okonzeka kukhala ndi ana chaka chachitatu chokhacho.
Pa nthawi yovutayi, amphaka omwe amafunafuna amuna kapena akazi amachoka kumadera omwe amakhala, amapita kutali nawo ndipo, atasonkhana m'magulu, amathamangitsa akazi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndewu pakati pawo kuti akhale ndi womusankhayo.
Polera ana, omwe nthawi zambiri amabadwa kuyambira 3 mpaka 6, amphaka amapeza ndikukonzekeretsa maenje abwino, kuwayika ndi udzu wouma ndi nthenga za mbalame. Amayi okha ndi omwe amachita nawo kudyetsa ndi kuweta mphaka.
Ana amatenga mkaka kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, kenako pang'onopang'ono amayamba kusinthana ndi zakudya zina, kuyesa kusaka nyama zazing'ono.
Ndipo pakadutsa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu amalowa m'moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Amphaka amphaka amtchire nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amphaka am'nkhalango. Oyimira banjali amatha kukhala ndi ana mosavuta.
Amphaka amtchire amakhala pafupifupi zaka pafupifupi 10, nthawi zambiri amafa akadali aang'ono. Koma anthu ena amakhala ndi ukalamba wokoma, womwe umapezeka munyamazi ali ndi zaka 12-15.
