M'zaka zathu zapitazi, mbale zaku Japan zamsomba monga sushi, rolls, sashimi zatchuka kwambiri. Koma ngati masikono omwe amakhala ndi mpunga ndi nsomba akukuopsezani pokhapokha mutadya kwambiri, ndiye kuti pali nsomba zamtunduwu, zomwe mungadye zomwe mungataye moyo wanu. Zina mwazowopsa, koma kuchokera pachakudya choterechi, mbale za nsomba zopukutira, zotchedwa mawu wamba - fugu.
Kuwoneka kwa nsomba
Nsomba za banja lodzitama, lotchedwa fugu, ndi amtundu wa Takifugu, womwe umamasulira ngati nkhumba yamtsinje. Pakuphika, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nsomba yotchedwa brown puffer. Nsomba yotupa imawoneka yosazolowereka: ili ndi thupi lalikulu - pafupifupi kutalika kwa 40 cm, koma limakula mpaka 80 cm.
Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi imakhuthala kwambiri, kumbuyo kumakhala kopapatiza, ndi mchira wawung'ono. Nsombayi ili ndi kamwa pang'ono ndi maso. Kumbali, kuseri kwa zipsepse za pectoral, kuli mawanga akuda ozungulira m'miphete yoyera, khungu lalikulu ndi lofiirira. Chosiyanitsa chachikulu ndikupezeka kwa mitsempha yakuthwa pakhungu, ndipo sikelo kulibe. Kotero yang'anani pafupifupi mitundu yonse puffer nsomba.
Pakadali pangozi, makina amayamba mthupi la blowfish - mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pafupi ndi m'mimba amadzaza madzi kapena mpweya mwachangu ndipo nsomba zimafufuma ngati buluni. Singano zomwe zakonzedwa m'malo opumulira tsopano zimatuluka mbali zonse.
Izi zimapangitsa nsombazi kukhala zosafikika kwa adani, chifukwa ndizosatheka kumeza chotupa chaminga ichi. Ndipo ngati wina angayerekeze kufa, amwalira pakanthawi kwakanthawi kuchokera kumachitidwe achitetezo - poyizoni. Chida champhamvu kwambiri puffer nsomba ndi wamphamvu nkhanza... Mankhwala a tetrodoxin amapezeka pakhungu, chiwindi, mkaka, matumbo mowopsa kwambiri.
Poizoniyu ndi neurotoxin yomwe imatseka zikhumbo zamagetsi m'mitsempha mwa kusokoneza mayendedwe a sodium m'maselo, imafoola minofu, kufa kumachitika chifukwa cholephera kupuma. Poizoniyu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa potaziyamu cyanide, curare ndi ziphe zina zamphamvu.
Poizoni wochokera kwa munthu m'modzi ndi wokwanira kupha anthu 35-40. Kuchita kwa poyizoni kumachitika theka la ola ndipo kumadziwonetsera mwamphamvu kwambiri - chizungulire, dzanzi pakamwa ndi pakamwa, munthu amayamba kusanza ndi kusanza, m'mimba mwa thupi mwanu mumatuluka kukokana.
The poizoni amalemetsa minofu, ndipo moyo wa munthu ukhoza kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha popereka mpweya wabwino munthawi yake, kudzera mwa mpweya wabwino. Ngakhale kuwopseza kuti adzafa moopsa chonchi, akatswiri okoma za izi sakulowa pansi. Ku Japan, matani okwana 10 zikwi za nsomba izi amadya chaka chilichonse, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 20 amathiridwa poyizoni ndi nyama yake, milandu ina imapha.
M'mbuyomu, pomwe ophika anali asanadziwe kuphika fugu yotetezeka, mu 1950 panali anthu 400 akufa ndi 31,000 zakupha zoopsa. Tsopano kuopsa kwa poyizoni ndikotsika kwambiri, chifukwa ophika omwe amakonzekeretsa nsomba ayenera kuchita maphunziro apadera kwa zaka ziwiri ndikupeza layisensi.
Amaphunzitsidwa kudula bwino, kutsuka nyama, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zina kuti asawononge kasitomala wawo. Mbali ina ya poyizoni, monga akatswiri ake amanenera, ndi chisangalalo chochepa chomwe munthu amadya.
Koma kuchuluka kwa poyizoni kuyenera kukhala kochepa. M'modzi mwa ophika zakudya chotchedwa sushi adati ngati milomo yanu itayamba kuchita dzanzi pakudya, ichi ndichizindikiro chotsimikiza kuti mwatsala pang'ono kufa. Zakudya zokoma za nsombazi zimachitika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawononga $ 40- $ 100. Mtengo yemweyo mbale wathunthu kuchokera puffer nsomba kuyambira $ 100 mpaka $ 500.
Puffer nsomba malo
Nsombazi zimakhala m'malo otentha ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yochepa ku Asia. Madzi a m'nyanja ndi mitsinje ya Far East, Southeast Asia, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean, Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi malo oyambira Puffer nsomba malo.
Palinso nsomba zochulukazi kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Japan, mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi South China. Mwa madzi abwino omwe amakhala ndi fugu, mitsinje ya Niger, Nile, Congo, Amazon, Nyanja ya Chad imatha kusiyanitsidwa. M'chilimwe, zimachitika m'madzi aku Russia a Nyanja ya Japan, kumpoto kwa Peter the Great Bay.
Asayansi achijapani ochokera mumzinda wa Nagasaki apanga mtundu wapadera wa puff - wopanda poizoni. Kunapezeka kuti poizoni wa nsomba samapezeka kuyambira pakubadwa, koma amapeza kuchokera pachakudya chomwe fugu imadyetsa. Chifukwa chake, mutasankha chakudya chotetezeka cha nsomba (mackerel, ndi zina zambiri), mutha kuzidya bwinobwino.
Ngakhale puffer nsomba kulingalira Chijapani Chakudya chokoma, popeza kunali komwe kunayamba kudya, mbale zopangidwa ndi zotchuka kwambiri ku Korea, China, Thailand, Indonesia. M'mayiko ena, adayambanso kupanga mtundu wina wopanda poizoni, komabe, akatswiri azisangalalo amakana kuzidya, samawona kukoma kwa nsomba ngati mwayi wokomerera mitsempha yawo.
Mitundu yonse yodzikweza ndi nsomba zosasunthika pansi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mozama osapitilira mita 100. Okalamba amakhalabe m'mphepete mwawo, nthawi zina amasambira m'madzi amchere. Ntchentche nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'kamwa mwa mitsinje yamchere. Nsombazo zikakulirakulira, zimakhala kutali kwambiri ndi gombe, koma chimphepo chisanadze chimayandikira kufupi ndi gombe.
Puffer nsomba moyo
Moyo wa fugu udakali chinsinsi mpaka lero, ofufuza sadziwa chilichonse chokhudza oopsawa. Zinapezeka kuti nsombazi sizingathe kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi, komabe, kuwunika kwa mthupi lawo sikuloleza izi.
Komabe, nsomba izi ndizosavuta kuyendetsa, zimatha kupita patsogolo ndi mutu kapena mchira wawo, potembenuka mozama ngakhale kusambira chammbali, ngati kuli kofunikira. China chosangalatsa cha fugu ndikumva kununkhiza. Chifukwa cha kununkhira komwe agalu okhawo omwe ali ndi magazi amadzitamandira, nsombayi imatchedwanso galu.
Ndi ochepa chabe okhala padziko lapansi pansi pamadzi omwe angafanane ndi fugu pakupanga kusiyanitsa fungo m'madzi. Puffer ili ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pansi pake. Zoyikirazo zimakhala ndi mphuno zomwe nsombazo zimamvera kununkhira kosiyanasiyana patali kwambiri.
Puffer nsomba chakudya
Zakudya za nsomba zowopsya zimaphatikizira osati zokopa kwenikweni, pakuwona koyamba, okhala pansi - awa ndi nsomba zam'madzi, ma hedgehogs, mollusks osiyanasiyana, mphutsi, miyala yamchere. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa cha chakudya choterocho kuti fugu ikhale poizoni. Poizoni wazakudya amapezeka mumsomba, makamaka pachiwindi, matumbo, ndi caviar. Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti, nsombayo siyimavutika konse, sayansi sinapezebe tanthauzo la izi.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nsomba puffer
Pakuchulukitsa mu thukuta, bambo amakhala ndiudindo. Nthawi yakubereka ikafika, yamphongo imayamba kukopa akazi, kuvina komanso kuzungulira mozungulira, ndikuyitanitsa kuti ikumira pansi. Mzimayi wofunitsitsa amakwaniritsa zofuna za wovina, ndipo amasambira pamodzi pansi pamalo amodzi kwakanthawi.
Atasankha mwala woyenera, mkazi amaikira mazira pamutu pake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo wamwamuna amamupatsa manyowa. Mkaziyo akamaliza kugwira ntchito yake, amachoka, ndipo wamphongoyo amayimirira kwa masiku angapo, ndikuphimba chomenyera ndi thupi lake, kuchitchinjiriza kwa iwo omwe amakonda kudya mwachangu wosabadwa.
Tadpoles akamaswa, yamphongo imawasamutsa mokweza kupita kukakonzedwe kanthaka, ndikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito yolondera. Kholo losamala limangoganiza kuti ntchito yake yakwaniritsidwa pamene ana ake azitha kudzidyera okha. Puffer nsomba moyo pafupifupi zaka 10-12.
