Nsomba zambiri zimadyedwa mwanjira ina. Ambiri ndi okazinga, ena ndi osuta osuta, amchere, owuma, ena ndi abwino kuwira msuzi wa nsomba. Koma pali nsomba zosunthika, momwe mungaphikire chilichonse, ndipo mbale iliyonse idzakhala yokoma. Nsomba zoterezi zimaganiziridwanso nsomba.
Maonekedwe a sabrefish
Chekhon ndi banja lalikulu la nsomba za carp. Iyi ndi sukulu, nsomba ya semi-anadromous yomwe imakhala m'madzi oyera. Kunja, ndi nsomba yosangalatsa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akulu ndi ang'ono kwambiri mamba onyezimira, ngati atakutidwa ndi siliva. Thupi limapanikizika kwambiri kuchokera mbali, mutu ndi wocheperako, wokhala ndi maso akulu komanso mkamwa wopindika kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe amthupi lake ndi osazolowereka - msana wake ndi wowongoka, mimba yake ndi yotupa. Chifukwa cha izi mawonekedwe a saber amatchedwanso saber, saber, mbali, Czech. Mimba imakhala ndi keel yopanda masikelo. Mtundu wa masikelo a nsomba kumbuyo kwake ndi wobiriwira kapena wabuluu, mbali zake ndi za silvery.
Zipsepse zakumbuyo ndi mchira ndizimvi, pomwe zipsepsezo zapansi ndizofiira. Zipsepse za pectoral ndizazikulu kwambiri kuposa nsomba zamtunduwu, ndipo zimapangidwa ngati thupi la sabrefish. Sensory organ - lateral line, yomwe ili m'njira yokhotakhota, pafupi ndi pamimba.
Nsomba zaku Czech ndizochepa, kutalika kwake ndi 60 cm, zolemera 2 kg, koma anthu oterewa ndi zitsanzo za zikho, chifukwa ndizochepa. Pamafakitale, anthu ochepa amakolola - kukula kwake kwa iwo ndi 20-30 cm m'litali ndi magalamu 150-200 a kulemera. Ndi ma Czech awa ang'onoang'ono omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kugula m'sitolo mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena osuta. Nsomba zouma zouma nsomba zokoma kwambiri.
Malo okhala Sabrefish
Chekhon ndi nsomba yokhala ndi theka-anadromous m'mabeseni a nyanja ya Baltic, Aral, Black, Caspian ndi Azov. Amakhala m'madzi abwino, ngakhale amatha kukhala ndi mchere wamchere uliwonse ndikupanga malo okhala m'nyanja.
Malo okhala nsomba lalikulu kwambiri - malo okhalamo kosatha akuphatikizapo Russia, Poland, Germany, France, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria ndi mayiko ena ambiri aku Europe ndi Asia. Ambiri mumitsinje ya Dnieper, Don, Dniester, Danube, Kuban, Western Dvina, Kura, Bug, Terek, Ural, Volga, Neva, Amu Darya ndi Syrdarya.
Ngati tikulankhula za nyanja, ndiye kuti ambiri amakhala m'madzi a Onega, Ladoga, Lake Ilmen ndi Kelif. Imakhalanso m'madamu ena. Ngakhale ndi dera lake lalikulu, m'malo ena nsomba ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi ndipo amatetezedwa ndi aboma. Maderawa akuphatikizapo malo okwera a Dnieper m'chigawo cha Bryansk, Severny Donets River, Lake Chelkar.
Chekhon imakonda madamu apakatikati ndi akulu; sangapezeke mumitsinje yaying'ono ndi nyanja. Amasankha madera akuya kwambiri. Nthawi zina amakhala nthawi pachimake, koma pokhapokha ngati pali kuthamanga kwachangu. Amakonda malo pafupi ndi mafunde amphepo zam'madzi komanso ma rapids. Palibe nsomba zikuyenda pafupi ndi gombelo.
Moyo wa Sabrefish
Nsomba ya saber imagwira ntchito, yosangalatsa komanso yopanda mantha. Masana amasuntha nthawi zonse, koma samasunthira kutali ndi "malo okhala" okhazikika. M'chilimwe, nsomba imakwera pamwamba pamadzi masana, kufunafuna chakudya. Usiku, umamira mpaka pansi ndikubisala m'malo osiyanasiyana, mosasamala pansi.
Ndi chimodzimodzi pambuyo pake m'dzinja kuzizira, nsomba Imakhalabe yakuya, ndipo imatha miyezi yozizira m maenje ndi mafunde, atagona pamenepo m'magulu a anthu ambiri. Ngati nyengo yozizira siili yovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti masukulu a nsomba amayenda pang'ono, kuzizira kwambiri kumagona pansi, osadya, chifukwa chake pano kugwira saber osachita.
Masika, mayi waku Czech amasonkhana m'masukulu akulu ndikupita kukasamba. M'dzinja, imakumananso m'magulu ndipo imakonzekera nyengo yozizira. Munthawi imeneyi, amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika komanso amadyetsa kwambiri.
Chakudya cha Sabrefish
Chekhon amadyetsa mwakhama zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama masana. Zimachitika, m'nyengo yotentha, imadumphira m'madzi kuti igwire tizilombo tomwe timazungulira pamwamba pake. Nsomba zazing'ono zimadyetsa makamaka ku zoo ndi phytoplankton. Ndipo akakula, amadya mphutsi, nyongolotsi, tizilombo komanso mwachangu za nsomba zosiyanasiyana.
Ngati angotola tizilombo kuchokera pansi kapena kuwagwira pamwamba pamadzi, ndiye kuti ayenera kusaka mwachangu. Mkazi waku Czech nthawi zambiri amasambira limodzi ndi omenyedwayo pagulu lomwelo, kenako amatenga nyamayo mwachangu ndikupita nayo pansi. Kenako amabwerera ku yotsatira. Nsomba yosangalatsa imeneyi imapha mwachidwi komanso mwachangu.
Izi zimadziwika ndi asodzi, amadziwanso kuti sabrefish ndi pafupifupi yamphongo, chifukwa chake, ngati nyambo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo: mphutsi, mbozi za ndowe, ntchentche, njuchi, ziwala, agulugufe ndi nyama zina. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba imatha kukoka mbedza yopanda kanthu, amangomangirizidwa ndi ulusi wofiira kapena womwe wavala mkanda.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo wa sabrefish
Sabrefish imatha kuberekanso itakwanitsa zaka 3-5 (kum'mwera koyambirira - zaka 2-3, kumpoto ndi 4-5). Imayamba kubala mu Meyi-Juni, ndipo nsomba zazing'ono zimachita izi zisanachitike. Chikhalidwe chachikulu pakuyamba kubala ndikutentha kwamadzi kwa 20-23 Cº, chifukwa chake, kubereka kumayambira koyambirira kumadera akumwera.
Asanabadwe, sabrefish imadya pang'ono, imasonkhana m'mitengo yayikulu ndikusaka malo oti iyikire mazira. Madera okhala ndi nyengo yolimba kwambiri komanso kuya kwa 1 mpaka 3 mita ali oyenera, awa ndi osaya, malovu amchenga, mipata yamtsinje.
Kubzala kumachitika maulendo awiri kumwera, komanso nthawi yomweyo kumadera akumpoto. M'mitsinje, sabrefish imabereka, ndikusunthira kumtunda, kenako nkukubwerera kumbuyo. Mazirawo sakhala omata, motero samalumikizana ndi ndere kapena zinthu zina m'madzi, koma amagwera pansi.
Ndi 1.5 mm kukula. m'mimba mwake, ndiye, mutatha umuna, khalani pansi ndikutupa pamenepo, ndikuchulukirachulukira mpaka 3-4 mm. Kutengera kutentha kwa madzi, mazirawo amatha masiku 2-4, kenako mazira 5 mm amawaswa.
Nsombazo zimakula msanga, zikudya msika wawo, zikukhalira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikusamukira kumtunda. Pambuyo masiku khumi, amasamukira ku plankton, ndikudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Sabrefish imakula mwachangu kwambiri kwa zaka 3-5 zoyambirira. Kenako kukula kumachedwetsa, chifukwa chake, ngakhale atakhala ndi moyo wazaka pafupifupi khumi, palibe amene adatha kugwira munthu wamkulu kwambiri.
