Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala Ternek
Tenrecs amatchedwanso ma bristly hedgehogs. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndikufanana kwakunja pakati pazinyama izi, zomwe kale zimadziwika kuti ndi banja lomweli la hedgehog. Koma kutengera kafukufuku wamakono wamtundu, alireza lero ndichizolowezi chogawa ngati gulu lodziyimira lokha la Afrosoricides.
Asayansi amati makolo a nyama izi ankakhala okha pachilumba cha Madagascar ngakhale m'nyengo ya Cretaceous, ndipo kuyambira nthawi zakale zapitazo adasandulika kukhala mitundu yamoyo wokhala ndi umunthu wapadera.
Tenrecs ndi zachikale pamapangidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ogawidwa m'magulu 12 ndi mitundu 30. Pakati pawo pali theka-m'madzi, burrowing, arboreal, amene Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa awo amafanana makolo a anyani, ndi lapadziko lapansi.
Kujambulidwa ndi hedgehog tenrec yamizeremizere
Mwa mawonekedwe ndi kukula, ena alireza ndi ofanana osati ma hedgehogs okha, komanso ma shrews ndi ma moles. Zina sizimafanana ndi ma American possum ndi otter. Ena mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, ma tenrecs amizeremizere, ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, amayimira chinthu chofanana ndi wosakanizidwa wa otter, shrew ndi hedgehog, zojambulidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mzere wachikaso umathamangira m'mphuno mwa nyama izi, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi singano, minga ndi ubweya, zomwe zimakwaniritsa mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, ndikupangitsa mawonekedwe kukhala apadera. Zilonda za nyama zotere zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa.
Kutalika kwa thupi kwa ma bristly hedgehogs kumakhala kochepera (4 cm) mpaka koyenera (pafupifupi masentimita 60), komwe kumayankhulanso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinyama zowonongekazo. Monga tawonera chithunzi tenrecs, Mutu wawo ndi wowongoka, chigaza ndi chopapatiza komanso chachitali, mphuno ili ndi chiboda chosunthika. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi singano kapena tsitsi lolimba, mumitundu ina - ubweya wamba.
Pachithunzichi, tenrec wamba
Mchira ukhoza kukhala wa 1 mpaka 22 cm, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayifupi kuposa yakumbuyo. Nyama izi ndi nzika zoyambirira pachilumba cha Madagascar. Tenrec wamba - woimira wamkulu pagululi, wofika kilogalamu imodzi ndipo amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa mchira, adabweretsedwanso ku Mascarenskie.
Seychelles ndi Comoros. Ngakhale ndizosowa, mitundu yofanana ya nyama imapezekanso ku East ndi Central Africa. Tenrecs amakonda kukhala m'malo achithaphwi, tchire, matsamba ndi nkhalango zanyontho.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi matupi a nyama izi ndikudalira kwa kutentha kwa thupi nyengo ndi chilengedwe. Kagayidwe kazinthu zakale izi ndizotsika kwambiri. Alibe scrotum, koma cloaca imalowa mthupi mwawo. Ndipo mitundu ina ili ndi malovu owopsa.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa ternek
Tenrecs ndi amanyazi, oopa komanso ochedwa. Amakonda mdima ndipo amakhala otakataka nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku. Masana, amabisala m'malo awo obisalamo, omwe nyamazi zimadzipezera okha pansi pamiyala, m'mapanga a mitengo youma ndi m'maenje.
Tenrec wamba amabisala nthawi yachilimwe, yomwe imakhala m'malo ake kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Omwe amakhala ku Madagascar mwachizolowezi amadya mitundu yambiri yayikulu ziphuphu zam'madzi, alireza wamba kuphatikiza. Ndipo mbale zopangidwa ndi nyama izi ndizodziwika bwino.
Zochulukirapo kotero kuti osunga malo odyera ena amabisalira ma tenrec m'makontena, kuwagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera zakudya zabwino zikafunika. Zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera kumatumba otafuna a hedgehogs amadziwika kwambiri. Mortal adani a mikwingwirima yamizere nthawi zambiri amakhala oimira nyama pachilumba cha Madagascar, monga mongooses ndi fossas - okonda kudya nyama yanyama.
Kuti adziteteze ku nyama zolusa, mtundu uwu wa ma bristly hedgehogs umagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zachilengedwe - singano zomwe zili pamutu ndi m'mbali mwa zolengedwa, zomwe zimawombera m'manja ndi m'mphuno za mdani, atakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndikupanga minofu yolimba.
Singanozo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi nyama zoyambirirazi kuti zithandizane wina ndi mnzake. Zida zapaderazi zimatha kutulutsa mawu achilendo akamapukutidwa, ndipo zizindikirazo zimalandiridwa mosavuta ndikudziwitsidwa ndi abale.
Polumikizana, ma Terneks amagwiritsanso ntchito kuwomba malirime. Phokoso ili, lomwe silimveka ndi khutu laumunthu, limathandizira ma bristly hedgehogs kuti alandire zambiri zazomwe zimawazungulira, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito podzitchinjiriza ndikuyenda mumdima.
Ma tenrecs amizere, mosiyana ndi abale awo ena, ndi nyama zothandizana, zogwirizana m'magulu. Gulu la anyamata obiriwira amakhala ngati banja limodzi, mumtambo wokhala nawo, womwe nthawi zambiri umakumba pafupi ndi gwero loyenera la chinyezi.
Ndi nyama zoyera komanso zosamala. Amatseka khomo lanyumba yawo ndi masamba, ndipo pazofunikira zachilengedwe amangopita kumalo osankhidwa mwapadera kunja kwa nyumba yaboma.
Nthawi yotentha kwambiri, yomwe imabwera mu Meyi, ma tenrecs okhala ndi mizere hibernate, koma m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ndikukhalabe achangu nthawi yonseyi, koma amachepetsa kutentha kwa thupi kufika pamizeremizere, yomwe imawathandiza kusunga mphamvu. Ali mchigawochi mpaka Okutobala.
Chakudya cha Ternek
Mitundu yambiri yama bristly hedgehogs imadya zakudya zamasamba, makamaka zipatso za mitengo ndi zitsamba. Koma pali zosiyana pamalamulo awa. Mwachitsanzo, tenrec wamba ndi nyama yodya nyama, yomwe imadya mitundu yambiri ya nyama zopanda mafupa ngati chakudya, komanso nyama zazing'ono monga tizilombo ndi zinyama zazing'ono.
Pofunafuna chakudya, zolengedwa izi, monga nkhumba, zimakumba ndimanyazi awo pansi ndikusiya masamba. M'malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo osungira nyama, nyama zachilendozi nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa zipatso, mwachitsanzo nthochi, chimanga chophika ndi nyama yaiwisi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa ternek
Nthawi yokwanira ya ma bristly hedgehogs imachitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo wamkazi amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka wake womwe, womwe anawo amalandila kuchokera kumatenda 29 a nyama. Iyi ndi nambala yolemba zinyama.
M'mitundu yambiri, monga ma tenrecs amizere, kukhathamira kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe. Kukulitsa zinyalala kumatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ndipo zitatha izi anawo amawoneka. Pali mitundu ya ma bristly hedgehogs omwe sali otchuka chifukwa cha kubereka kwawo, pomwe ena, m'malo mwake, amabweretsa ana 25 nthawi imodzi.
Ndipo tenrec wamba, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi mbiri pankhaniyi, atha kukhala ndi zochuluka (mpaka ana 32). Koma sizinthu zonse zomwe zimapulumuka m'chilengedwe. Mkazi, makanda akamakula, amatenga nawo mbali pakukula kwawo, ndikuwatsogolera kukasaka chakudya pawokha.
Nthawi yomweyo, ana amafola m'mizere ndikutsatira amayi awo. Kulowa muvuto lovuta loti akhale ndi moyo, ana ambiri amamwalira, ndipo mwa ana onsewo, simatsala opitilira 15. Njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera ana mwachilengedwe ndi singano zomwe zimamera kuchokera atangobadwa kumene.
Nthawi zowopsa, mwamantha, amatha kutulutsa zikoka zapadera zomwe mayiwo wazigwira, zomwe zimamupatsa mwayi wopeza ndi kuteteza ana ake. Ma tenrecs amizere amabweretsa zinyalala imodzi kuyambira ana 6 mpaka 8, omwe amakula ndikukula mwachangu.
Ndipo pakatha milungu isanu, iwo okha amatha kukhala ndi ana. Zaka za bristly hedgehog ndizochepa, ndipo nthawi yayitali amakhala kuyambira 4 mpaka 5, mpaka zaka 10. Komabe, ali mu ukapolo, m'malo abwino, amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali: mpaka mazana khumi ndi asanu.
