Makhalidwe a hamsters zakutchire ndi zoweta
Ambiri amadziwa ma hamster ngati okhala pakhomo, nyama zokongola, zoseketsa komanso ochezeka.
Koma m'chilengedwe, anthuwa ndi nyama zowopsa, zomwe zimawoneka kunja kwambiri kuposa anzawo. Zimakhala zoopsa kwa anthu komanso mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa m'mundamo.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Anapezeka ku Syria mu 1930 nyama yofanana ndi hamster... Chidwi ndi nyamayi chidatengera kusaka "mbewa yaku Syria", komwe ana anali kusewera ku Asuri wakale. Ana ake adakhala makolo a banja lamakono lalikulu la hamsters.
Kufalikira kwa makoswe ku Central Asia, zigawo za steppe za kum'mawa kwa Europe, kenako kubalalika kwa China ndi United States mwina chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nyama ngati zinthu zasayansi komanso kuweta nyama zopanda pake. Zonsezi, pali mitundu yoposa 20 ya makoswe odzifalitsa a mtundu waukulu wa steppe hamster (wamba).
M'chithunzichi ndi hamster yolembedwa
Ndi kanyama kakang'ono mpaka 35 cm kutalika, ndi thupi lolimba, mutu wawukulu pakhosi lalifupi. Mchira umafika masentimita 5. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 600-700. Makutu ang'onoang'ono, tinyanga tamphuno ndi maso akuda owoneka ngati mikanda yayikulu amapanga mawonekedwe okongola a bulu lamiyendo pamiyendo yayifupi ndi zala zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazifupi zokumba maenje ndi mabowo.
Chinyama chimatetezedwa ndi mano akuthwa komanso olimba, omwe amawonjezeredwa m'moyo wake wonse. Chovala cha hamster chimakhala ndi tsitsi komanso chovala chamkati chomwe chimateteza ngakhale masiku ozizira otentha. Mtundu wa malayawo nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikaso kapena wabulauni, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma tricolor owoneka, akuda ndi oyera.
Pali mitundu yoposa 40 yopangidwa ndi mitundu yofiira, yalanje ndi imvi, mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi malo. Malo ogawa nyama zanyama yotakata chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwawo. Amatha kusintha pafupifupi kulikonse: malo amapiri, matsamba, malamba a nkhalango, madera ozungulira - m'mabowo amabisalira adani ndi nyengo yoipa.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndikupezeka kwa chakudya. Nyama zimakonda madera omwe ali pafupi ndi minda yambewu, nthawi zambiri maenje awo amakhala pamtunda wolimapo. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amapangitsa nyamazo kusiya nyumba zawo ndikupita kumalo ena. Kukhazikika kwa anthu kumakopa chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa chake anthu okhala m'malo opondaponda nthawi zambiri amapita kukapeza nkhokwe ndi nyumba za mayadi.
Chizindikiro cha hamsters ndichosangalatsa chawo chodabwitsa. Ma burrows amakula kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa nyama: mpaka 7 mita mulifupi mpaka 1.5 mita kuya. Chakudya chosungidwa chimalemera kangapo kuposa hamster wamba.
Zikwama zapadera zamatama ngati mawonekedwe otupa a khungu zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kunyamula mpaka 50 g ya chakudya powonjezera voliyumu kangapo. Alimi amatayika chifukwa cha kubedwa kwa hamster. Makina onse apangidwa kuti athane ndi kuukira kwa makoswe. Iwo iwonso ndi chinthu chosaka mwachilengedwe cha mbalame zodya nyama ndi akadzidzi, ma ermines ndi ma ferrets.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, ma hamster amakhala osungulumwa, otsutsana mwamphamvu ndi aliyense amene asokoneza gawo lawo. Amasunga katundu wawo mpaka kukula kwa mahekitala 10-12. Kukula kwa mdani zilibe kanthu, pali milandu yodziwika ya ziwopsezo pa agalu akulu.
Ngati makoswe ofananirana athawa kuti asakumane ndi munthu, ma steppe hamsters amatha kuwukira. Kulumidwa ndi ziboda ndi zopweteka, kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ndi matenda ambiri, kusiya zilonda zotupa.
Nkhanza zimawonekera ngakhale kwa anthu omwe. Ofooka sangathe kuthawa amoyo kuchokera kwa achibale olimba komanso athanzi ngati awawona ngati mdani nthawi yokwatirana kapena kungodziwa mlendo wosafunikira m'malo awo. Zochita za nyamazi zimawonekera nthawi yamadzulo. Hamsters ndi nyama zakutchire... Masana amabisala m'maenje, kuti apeze mphamvu zosaka mopanda mantha.
Nyumba zakuya zili 2-2 mita mobisa. Nthaka ikalola, ndiye kuti hamster ipita m'nthaka momwe ingathere. Selo lamoyo limakhala ndi malo atatu otuluka: "zitseko" ziwiri kuti zizitha kuyenda, ndipo lachitatu limatsogolera kumalo ogulitsira zinthu zanyengo moyo wa nyama.
Hamster imagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chomwe chimapezeka pokhapokha munthawi yachisanu komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mu nyengo zina zonse, chakudya chimakhala ndi chakudya kuchokera kunja. Pamwamba pa maenje, nthawi zonse pamakhala milu yakumba, yolowetsedwa ndi mankhusu. Ngati ukonde wadzaza pakhomo, ndiye kuti nyumbayo yasiyidwa, ma hamsters amasunga nyumba zawo kukhala zaukhondo.
Sikuti ma hamsters onse amabisala, mitundu ina imasanduka yoyera kotero kuti mafunde pachikuto cha chisanu sawonekeratu. Omwe amadikirira nyengo yovuta mtulo tofa nato nthawi zina amakhala ogalamuka kuti apumule ndi nkhokwe zomwe amapeza. Dzikoli likayamba kutentha, mu February, March kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo, ndi nthawi yodzuka komaliza.
Koma asanatuluke, hamster akadali ndi chakudya, kupeza mphamvu, kenako ndikutsegulira zitseko ndi zotuluka dzenje. Choyamba, zazimuna zimatuluka m'mabowo, ndipo pambuyo pake, zazikazi.
Mgwirizano wamtendere pakati pawo umakhazikitsidwa kokha nyengo yakunyamula, apo ayi amakhalanso ofanana. Kukhoza kwa ma hamsters kusambira bwino ndizodabwitsa. Amakweza zikwama zawo zamasaya ngati jekete yamoyo yomwe imawatulutsa m'madzi.
Chakudya cha Hamster
Zakudya za makoswe ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira dera lokhalamo. Mbewu zambewu zidzagwa pafupi ndi minda, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Nthawi zambiri ma hamsters amalimbana ndi nkhuku zazing'ono, ngati palibe amene angaziteteze.
Panjira yopita kuminda yamasamba kapena minda ya zipatso, nyama sizisiya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nyama zazing'ono. Zakudyazi zimayang'aniridwa ndi chakudya chamasamba: mbewu za chimanga, mbatata, nyemba za nsawawa, ma rhizomes azitsamba zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsamba zazing'ono.
Pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu hamsters kudya chirichonse, iye ndi wosaka nyama mopitirira muyeso. Nzika nthawi zonse zimayesetsa kuchotsa oyandikana nawo. Chilichonse chomwe ma hamsters amadya, nthawi yachisanu imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku njere zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu za zomera.
Kubereka kwa Hamster ndi moyo wautali
Hamsters amaberekana mwachangu komanso mwachangu chifukwa chakuti champhongo chili ndi mabanja angapo. Ngati agonjetsedwa ndi wachibale wamphamvu pamkangano wokwatirana, ndiye kuti azikhala ndi mkazi wina nthawi zonse kuti apitilize mtunduwo.
Ana amabadwa kangapo pachaka, zinyalala zilizonse zimakhala ndi ana 5-15. Ma hamsters amawoneka akhungu komanso opanda diso, ali ndi mano kale, ndipo tsiku lachitatu amakhala okutira. Pambuyo pa sabata, amayamba kuwona. Choyamba, amakhala mchisa moyang'aniridwa ndi mayiyo.
Mkazi amatha kusamalira ana a anthu ena. Koma ana, ngati savomereza wakukhayo, amatha kumuphwanya. Mwachilengedwe, nyama sizikhala motalika, mpaka zaka 2-3. Mu ukapolo ndi chisamaliro chabwino, moyo wautali ziweto za hamsters imakula mpaka zaka 4-5.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ana aang'ono, miyezi 1-2, kulowa mdziko lapansi la anthu, samasiyana mwamakani. Gulani hamster kwa mwana, mutha mopanda mantha, muyenera kungokumbukira kuti kuchoka kwake mwachangu kumatha kukhala vuto lazamisala.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndizothandiza ngakhale kuti ana amasiyanitsa hamster Norman kuchokera wotchuka chojambula ndikukhala wamoyo wokhala ndi zosowa zake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Mahatchi odyetserako ziweto, monga ma hamster a Dzungarian, amabweretsa chisangalalo komanso chisangalalo kubanja lililonse. Koma wokhala pang'onopang'ono amafunika chisamaliro ndikusamalira zosowa zake. Hamster imatha kukhala yokondedwa ndi ana komanso akulu.
