Woimira mbalame kawirikawiri amatha kutchedwa mbalame ya osprey... Banja ili lili ndi mtundu umodzi wamtundu wa banja la Skopin, kayendetsedwe kake, ndi ma subspecies anayi.
M'nthano za Asilavo, mbalame yosowa iyi idatchedwa mbalame yakupha, pokhulupirira kuti zikhadabo zake zapoizoni zimabweretsa imfa. Chifukwa chake, zinali zosavuta kuti anthu m'nthawi zakale kufotokozera matenda omwe samadziwa momwe angachiritsire. Tsopano nkhonozi ndi mbalame, imodzi mwazosangalatsa komanso zosowa mokwanira.
Kuwonekera kwa mbalame ya Osprey
Mwa mawonekedwe osprey zosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi zina zonse mbalame zodya nyama Mitundu, izi zitha kuwonedwa mu zingapo chithunzi... Awa ndianthu akuluakulu, okhala ndi mapiko otalika pafupifupi 1.8 mita, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 60 cm ndikulemera pafupifupi 2 kg. Zazimayi ndizokulirapo, pomwe amuna amalemera pafupifupi 1.6 kg.
Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiira, pomwe mimba ndi chifuwa zimakhala zoyera. Akazi amakhala akuda pang'ono kuposa amuna, ndipo m'khosi mwawo mkanda wa maroon umawonekera, ndipo mbali zonse za mutu kuchokera diso pali mzere wakuda. Miyendo yoyenda kutsogolo ndi ma yellow irises amaliza mawonekedwe a osprey.
Malo osungira mbalame ku Osprey
Mbalameyi, ngakhale kuti ndi yochepa, imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Amaweta ndikukhala m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica.
Sizikudziwika ngati nkhono zimaswana ku South America, koma zimapita ku Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay m'nyengo yozizira kumeneko. Malo opangira zisa m'nyengo yozizira amakonzedwa ku Egypt komanso pazilumba za Red Sea.
Amapezekanso nthawi yozizira ku East Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines. Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi kudawateteza ku Alaska, USA, Florida komanso m'mbali mwa Gulf of Mexico.
Ndipo nthawi yotentha, ma oppreys amakhala ku Europe konse, kukafika ku Scandinavia ndi ku Iceland. Nthawi zina mbalameyi imapezeka ku Australia ndi ku Solomon Islands. Osprey amasankha malo okhala ndi zisa pafupi ndi matupi osaya amadzi - mitsinje, nyanja, madambo. Popeza kuchuluka kwa chakudyacho ndi nsomba.
Zisa zimamangidwa makilomita 3-5 kuchokera pagombe, koma zimatha kukhazikika pachilumba chotalika chomwe chili m'madzi, pamphepete mwamiyala, kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wakale wokhala ndi mphanda kapena cholembera chosiyidwa pachisa chawo.
Chachikulu ndikuti malowa ndi otetezeka, osafikika kwa adani omwe ali pansi. Mbalame zimauluka kuchoka pachisa pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 14. Mbalame zomwe sizinakhalebe makolo zimayenda pang'ono.
Kudyetsa mbalame za Osprey
Osprey - wobadwa angler, ndipo amadyetsa makamaka nsomba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amamanga zisa zake pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, zomwe, mwa kusodza bwino, zimapanga pafupifupi 100% yazakudya, nkhono zimatha kusaka mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, njoka, achule, agologolo, mbewa, ma muskrats, ana a alligator, ndi akalulu.
Ntchito yosaka, monga mbalame zambiri zodya nyama, imachitika pa ntchentche. Kuyambira kutalika kwa mita 15 mpaka 40, mbewa imayang'ana wovulalayo, ikazindikira, imatsikira pansi, ndikuyika zikhadabo zake patsogolo, ndikubweza mapiko ake. Ngati nsomba yasankhidwa kuti idye, ndiye kuti mbalame imalowetsa zikhadabo zake m'madzi, imagwira ndikunyamula mlengalenga ndi mapiko olimba a mapiko ake.
Nyamayo singathe kuthawa zikhadabo zake, zakuthwa ngati singano, makamaka popeza zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira nsomba poterera. Mukamauluka, mbalameyi imayesetsa kutembenuza nsombazo kuti zisawononge kuwuluka kwa ndegeyo - imagwira nyamayo ndi kaye ndi mutu wake patsogolo, ndipo mchira umazibweza ndi dzanja lina.
Osprey amatha kukweza zolemera mpaka ma kilogalamu awiri. Pakakakamira kulowa nyama, nkhono zotetezedwa kumatetezedwa kumadzi ndi mafuta okutira nthenga ndi mavavu apadera pamphuno. Mphalapala umayamba kudya nsomba kuchokera kumutu, ndipo ngati nyamayo itagwidwa ndi bambo wachikondi wa banjalo, ndiye kuti itenga theka la chakudyacho ku chisa.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ya mbalame ya osprey
Osprey wokhala ku Northern Hemisphere amathawira kumadera otentha m'nyengo yozizira. Ena sangabwerere ndikukhala kumwera kwathunthu. Masewera okhathamira a ma `` kumpoto '' oyambira amayamba mu Epulo-Meyi, pomwe anthu akumwera amayamba mu February-Marichi. Mphalapala ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala yokhayokha, koma nthawi yoswana imapanga mitundu iwiri yomwe imakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri.
Amphongo ndiwo oyamba kufika kumalo obisalako, ndipo pambuyo pake akazi amawonekera. Zibwenzi zimayamba kupangira ma pirouette, motero zimakopa akazi ndikuwathamangitsa ochita mpikisano.
"Okwatirana" amapezana, ndipo achinyamata amamanga mabanja atsopano. Atasankha chisankho cha wina ndi mnzake, amayamba kukonzekera kubereka. Mkazi amagwira ntchito yomanga chisa kuchokera kuzinthu zomangidwa ndi abambo.
Malo achisa amasankhidwa pa mphanda mumtengo waukulu, pamphepete mwa miyala kapena papulatifomu yopangidwa ndi anthu. Anthu ambiri amapanga malowa ngati osprey, monga ku Russia ndichizolowezi chomanga mabokosi okhalira mbalame zazing'ono.
Zinthu za chisa ndi ndere, timitengo, nthambi. Mbalame zimatha kutenga chisa chakale chachilendo, kuzisintha ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito. Mwambiri, awiriawiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chisa chimodzi kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, kukonza kumeneko chaka chilichonse.
Chisa chikakonzeka, chachimuna chimayamba kunyamula chakudya ndikudyetsa wosankhidwayo. Kwawonedwa kuti momwe mkazi amalandila chakudya chochuluka kuchokera kwa "mamuna" wake, mpata waukulu woti akwatirane naye mwachangu.
Mkazi amaikira mazira oyera 2-4 ndi timadontho tofiirira, tating'onoting'ono, tikulemera magalamu 60. Makulitsidwe kumatenga masabata asanu. Nthawi zambiri akazi amatuluka nthunzi kukhala nthunzi, koma nthawi zina yamphongo imalowa m'malo mwake.
Ngakhale, nthawi zambiri amapeza chakudya cha wosankhidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, womalizirayu sanakonzekere kudikirira mmodzi yekha - ngati sangathe kumudyetsa, ndiye kuti wamkazi adzafunsira chakudya kwa amuna oyandikana nawo.
Anapiye aswedwa ndi omwe amakhala ndi zoyera pansi ndipo amalemera magalamu 60. Iwo ndi amisinkhu yosiyana, popeza mazira amaikidwiratu pakadutsa masiku 1-2, kenako anapiye amawonekera motsatana.
Ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira, wam'ng'ono kwambiri komanso wofooka, nthawi zambiri amamwalira. Kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira, anapiye amafunika kutentha kwa amayi, ndipo amatha milungu 4 yokha akawasiya.
Anapiye amathawitsa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ndipo amayamba kuyesa kusaka. Koma ngakhale pamapiko, amatha kupita kukawona chisa chawo kwa miyezi 10. Amakhala okhwima pokhapokha atakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Mphalapala amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 25, koma mbalame zambiri zimafa zili ndi zaka 8-10.
Pakadali pano osprey si nyama yomwe ili pangozi, koma chifukwa choti ndi nthumwi yokha ya banja lake, imaphatikizidwa Buku Lofiira Russia ndi Belarus.
Komanso, chiwerengero chake anachira osati kale kwambiri, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 zinthu zinali zovuta. Panthawiyo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo anali ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, omwe anangotsala pang'ono kumupha.
