Njoka (krachun) ndi mbalame yokongola, yosowa komanso yomwe ili pachiwopsezo kuchokera ku mtundu wa ziwombankhanga, zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book of Belarus ndi Russia. Lero, tikambirana za mawonekedwe ake, moyo wake komanso malo okhala.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Njoka yamphongo ndi ya mbalame zamphamba ndipo imadya nyama yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka 70 cm kutalika, yokhala ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 170-190, ndikulemera pafupifupi 2 kg. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna, koma amtundu wofanana. Pamwambapa, thupi ndi mthunzi wofiirira wamitambo. Pakhosi pake pamakhala bulauni. Mimba ndi yoyera, yokutidwa ndi zolemba zakuda.
Pali mikwingwirima pamapiko ndi mchira. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zakuda kuposa mbalame zakale. Chiwombankhanga - ndi momwe amadyera njoka nthawi zambiri amatchedwa, komabe, malinga ndi malongosoledwe awo akunja, mbalamezi sizifanana kwenikweni. "Chubby" - dzina la mbalameyo limamveka m'Chilatini. Zowonadi, mutu wa njoka ndi yayikulu komanso yozungulira, imafanana kadzidzi pang'ono.
Wodya njoka wamba
"Mphungu yokhala ndi zala zazifupi" ndi dzina la mtundu uwu m'Chingerezi. Zala za njoka yamphongo kwenikweni ndi yaifupi poyerekeza ndi ziwombankhanga zina. Komabe, ndizodabwitsa osati izi zokha. "Wodya njoka" - ichi ndiye chokopa chake chachikulu.
Malongosoledwe a mbalameyi amafanana ndi mwezi waukulu. Ali ndi mutu wokulirapo kuposa akhungubwe ndi odyera mavu. Mutu waimvi uli ndi maso achikaso. Wodya njoka wamba amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, North Africa ndi madera ofunda a Asia. Malo chiwombankhanga champhongo - India, Indonesia, South China.
Pakadali pano, ku Russia kuli ma peyala zikwi zitatu zokha omwe amadya njoka. Kuchepetsa kwawo kwawonedwa kuyambira zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchepa kwa njoka, kuchepa kwa ma biotopes oyenera kukwawa, komanso kuwononga kwa mbalamezi ndi anthu.
Panali nthawi zina pamene kupha kwa mbalameyi kunkapindulitsa. Odya njoka ndi mbalame, mothandizidwa ndi momwe chilengedwe chachilengedwe chimasamalidwira.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Chifukwa chakuti njoka yamphongo yachilendo mbalame, moyo wake sunamvetsetsedwe. Kwa akatswiri, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mwayi wabwino kukumana ndi chisa cha mbalame. Amakhulupirira kuti chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yotopetsa komanso yakachetechete yomwe imangomveka munthawi yoswana, koma izi sizowona. Nthawi zina, titha kuwona akazi ndi amuna akuthamangitsa mozungulira pambuyo pake.
Krachun amakhala m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango kumpoto, kumwera m'malo ouma okhala ndi mitengo yochepa, nthawi zina amamanga zisa m'malo otsetsereka a miyala. Amakonda ma oak, linden, alder kapena pine massifs. Mbalameyi imamanga zisa zake kutalika ndithu kuchokera padziko lapansi, patali kwambiri ndi thunthu lake, lomwe limakonda kuuluka mwaufulu.
Anthu okhala zigawo zakumpoto amasamukira kumwera kugwa ndikubwerera kumagawo awo mu Meyi. Banja limakhazikika pachisa chakale kapena limanga chatsopano. Chisa cha anthu omwe amadya njoka ndi chaching'ono komanso chofewa (munthu wamkulu sangakwaneko), mpaka 95 masentimita m'mimba mwake, mpaka masentimita 40. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakhala ngati zomangira; nthambi zobiriwira, nthambi za paini, udzu, masamba, zidutswa za khungu la njoka zimakhala ngati zomangira.
Masamba obiriwira amakhala ngati kubisa kowonjezera ndikubisa malo okhala kuchokera padzuwa. Wodya njokayo ndi mbalame yoopsa yomwe imachita zinthu mobisa kwambiri. Kuona munthu, imawulukira pachisa mofulumira kwambiri. Ngakhale anapiye okulira samayesetsa kudziteteza, mdani akamayandikira, amangobisala.
Chakudya
Wodya njoka ndiwosautsa, i.e. nyama zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chapadera kwambiri. Zodabwitsazi ndizosowa kwambiri pakati pa mbalame. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo njoka ndi njoka, zopopera ndi njoka. Ndiye kuti, njoka zilizonse. Ngakhale wodya njoka samanyoza abuluzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, njoka zimayimitsidwa ndipo sizimasuntha. Chifukwa chake, kusaka nyama yodya njoka kumayamba dziko lapansi likatenthedwa bwino ndi dzuwa ndipo njoka zimatulukira kumtunda, ndiye kuti, kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe. Zochita za njoka ndi nyengo zimakhudza momwe zimadyera njoka.
Nthawi zambiri amayamba kusaka nthawi yamasana ndipo amaliza mdima usanafike. Pokhala "mfumu yakuuluka", njoka yamphongo imakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga posaka chakudya. Mbalameyi imatha kuona bwino kwambiri, choncho imatha kuona nyama yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri. Powona njokayo, wosweka uja amakhala pamwamba pake ndikuyamba kugwa mwachangu.
Pakati pa chiwonongeko, liwiro lawo limatha kufika 100 km / h. Pambuyo pake pamutu, wodya njokayo amamugwira wovulalayo ndikumumaliza ndi mulomo wake. Nkhondo zoopsa nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pawo. Kenako mbalame imameza nyama ija n’kubwerera kunyumba. Nthawi zina kufunafuna kumachitika padziko lapansi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti m'moyo wawo wonse, omwe amadya njoka amatha kudya anthu pafupifupi 1000 a njoka.
Omwe amazunzidwa kwambiri ndi njoka, koma nthawi zina njoka zaululu monga njoka, gyurza, kapena njoka zimapezeka. Chifukwa chake, chiwombankhanga chimayenera kuyenda molondola komanso mwachangu, apo ayi mutha kulumidwa kwambiri.
Mothandizidwa ndi zikopa zonyansa pamapazi ake komanso kuchita mwachangu, mbalameyo imapewa ngozi, koma izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Njoka ya njoka sikupha nthawi zonse, koma siyingatchulidwe yopanda vuto. Mbalameyo imayamba kudwala ndipo kuchira kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
M'nyengo yokhwima, yaikazi ndi yamphongo imathamangitsana, kuuluka, kupanga mabwalo ndikugwera pansi. Kumapeto kwa Meyi, mazira awiri oyera amatuluka pachisa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala nkhuku imodzi yokha. Makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi masiku 40-45.
Mkazi amakhala pamazira, wamwamuna ndi amene amachititsa kuti azidyetsa. Nthawi zina maudindo amasintha. Mwana wankhuku amabadwa wokutidwa ndi zoyera ndipo amadya zokwawa zokha. Makolowo amaigwira njokayo ndikubwera nayo kwa mwanayo pakhosi. Mwana wankhuku ayenera kukoka njokayo pakhosi.
Nthawi zina zimatenga nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pake, gawo lotsatira limayamba. Chakudya chimayenera kumezedwa, ndipo wina ayenera kuyambira pamutu pokha. Ngati mwanayo adalakwitsa ndikuyamba kudya njokayo kumchira, ayenera kulavulidwa ndikuyambiranso. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi njoka zamoyo zomwe muyenera kumenya nazo nkhondo, zomwe zimapanga luso losaka.
Iwo omwe adawona izi akuti ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, makolo amadyetsa mwana wawo njoka zokwana 250, zomwe sizovuta kwa makolo. Miyezi iwiri itabadwa, anapiye amatha kuuluka okha, ndipo patatha masiku 80 ataswa, amachoka pachisa. Mpaka nthawiyo, ana amakhala pansi pa chisamaliro cha makolo awo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa chiwombankhanga kumatha kufikira zaka 10.
