Kalekale, anthu ankalambira mbalamezi. Zojambula ndi fano lake zitha kupezeka pa sarcophagi, manda, m'mapanga.
Anthu aku Siberia amakhulupirira kuti gulu lodziwika bwino la nyenyezi la Ursa Major ndi Milky Way zidapangidwa pomwe anthu amasaka mphalapala. A Apache ali ndi nthano yonena za agwape obisalako, ndipo Amwenye aku Canada, m'malo mwake, amatamanda olemekezeka ake. Za lero Zinyama zazinyama amadziwika bwino kwa onse ndipo ndi a nyama zamalonda.
Malo a Elk
Chiwerengero cha elk pafupifupi anthu miliyoni ndi theka. Pafupifupi theka la anthu onse amakhala ku Russia. Koma kupatula malire adziko lathu, nyama izi zimakhala ku Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, Baltic States), zimakhala kumpoto kwa Ukraine, Scandinavia.
M'mayiko omwe atchulidwa kale ku Europe, elk adawonongedwa m'zaka za zana la 18 - 19. Pambuyo pake, anthu adabwezeretsedwanso chifukwa chazisungidwe, kukonzanso nkhalango, ndikuwononga nyama zodya nkhandwe.
Kulanda kumpoto kwa Mongolia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China kudera lakumpoto kwa Siberia. North America nayenso idakhala kwawo kwa nkhandwe, komwe idakhazikika ku Alaska, Canada ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States.
Elk amakhala m'nkhalango ndi zitsamba - nkhalango za birch ndi paini, nkhalango za aspen, nkhalango za msondodzi m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mbalamezi zimatha kukhala kutali ndi nkhalango. Koma amakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana, momwe zitsamba zimakula bwino.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakukhalamo kwa mphika ndi malo osungira, omwe ndi ofunikira kupulumutsa kutentha kwa chilimwe, komanso chakudya china. M'nyengo yozizira, zimadyera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana bwino. Sakonda chipale chofewa, ndipo amakhala moyo wongokhala m'malo omwe samagwa kwa theka la mita.
Ngati matalalawa ndi akuya, amayendayenda m'malo ena. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Choyamba, zazikazi zimachoka ndi ana amphongo, kenako amuna akulu amazipeza. Ulendo wobwerera umachitika koyambirira kwa masika, chipale chofewa chikasungunuka. Nyama zimatha kuyenda pafupifupi 15 km patsiku.
Zinthu za mphalapala
Elk ndi membala wamkulu kwambiri pabanja la agwape. Wamwamuna wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi 600 kg., Ndi thupi lalitali mamita 3, kutalika kwa mita 2.4. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Mphalapala wamkulu amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi yaikazi ndi masamba akulu a anthete. Kukula kwawo mpaka 1.8 mita mulifupi ndipo imalemera mpaka 30 kilogalamu. Zowona, nyerere sizomwe zimangosonyeza kusiyana kwakugonana - mphalapala iliyonse yophukira imasowa chizindikiro ichi.
Amatsanulira ziphuphu zawo pambuyo pa nthawi yam'mbuyomu kuti ayambirenso kuziphuka. Chinyama chachikulu chikakhala ndi nthambi pamutu pake. Mwamuna amakhalanso ndi "ndolo" - chotupa chachikopa pansi pakhosi.
Maonekedwe a mphalapala ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri; nyama yakutchireyi ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi mbawala zina zonse. Mutha kuweruza izi ndi angapo chithunzi cha mphalapala.
Muthanso kunena kuti ng'ombe ya mphalapala ndiyosaoneka bwino - miyendo yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri polumikizana ndi thupi, kunkhongo kumbuyo, mutu wawukulu wopindika ndi mlomo wakuthupi. Komabe, monga nthumwi zonse za nyama, iwo ndi otchuka ndi oimira amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Mphalapala zimakhala ndi vuto lakumva komanso kununkhiza, koma osaona bwino. Ngati munthu ayima chilili, elk samamuwona ngakhale atakhala mtunda wa 20-30 mita. Mphalapala ndi osambira abwino, amakonda madzi onse monga kuthawa pakati komanso ngati gwero la chakudya.
Ngati chinyama chachikulu ichi chikufuna kudziteteza, ndiye kuti sichigwiritsa ntchito nyanga, chimenyana ndi adani ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Koma sakutsutsana, ngati pali mwayi woti athawe, ndiye kuti sangachite nawo nkhondo.
Moyo wa moose
Ma Elks atha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana pali 4 mpaka 8. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ku Alaska ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imatha kufikira 800 kg. Zing'onozing'ono ndi subspecies za Ussuri, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyerere zake ngati nyerere (zopanda masamba). Mphalapala zimagwira ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana pa chaka. Zimatengera kutentha kozungulira.
M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri yotentha, amakonda kubisalira tizilombo tomwe tili m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, m'madzi mpaka mkatimo kapena munthawi zamafunde. Amapita kukadya usiku wozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, m'malo mwake, amadyetsa masana, ndikupuma usiku. Mu chisanu choopsa kwambiri, amagwera chisanu chofewa, chomwe chimatenthetsa nyama ngati dzenje.
Malo oterewa omwe amagona m'nyengo yozizira amatchedwa misasa, ndipo malo ake amatengera malo omwe pali chakudya chochuluka. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi ma thonje ang'onoang'ono a paini m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, misondodzi kapena zitsamba zazing'ono ku Siberia, udzu wobiriwira ku Far East.
Nyama zingapo zimatha kusonkhana pamsasa umodzi. Mpaka zana limodzi za mphalapala zajambulidwa pa mahekitala 1000 a nkhalango ya Priobsk pine. Mphalapala si nyama zokonda kucheza, nthawi zambiri zimayenda m'modzi m'modzi, kapena anthu 3-4 amasonkhana.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zazing'ono nthawi zina zimalumikizana ndi zazikazi zomwe sizimwana kumene, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, gulu laling'ono limaphatikizapo zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Pakubwera kwa kasupe, kampani yaying'ono iyi ibalalikanso.
Chakudya
Zakudya za elk zimakhala ndi zitsamba zamitundu yonse, mosses, ndere, bowa, masamba ataliatali a herbaceous (sangathe kutsina udzu chifukwa chakukula msanga ndi khosi lalifupi), mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba amitengo (phulusa lamapiri, birch, aspen, mbalame yamatcheri ndi mitundu ina ya zitsamba).
Mphalapala zimagwira nthambi ndi milomo yake yayikulu ndikudya masamba onse. M'chilimwe amakonda kufunafuna chakudya m'matumba amadzi, amatha kuyimirira mutu wawo m'madzi kwa mphindi imodzi ndikusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'madzi (marigold, kakombo wamadzi, kapisozi wa dzira, horsetail).
Pakufika nthawi yophukira, amasamukira ku nthambi, kutchera makungwa amitengo. Pakakhala chakudya chochuluka, nthawi yotentha, mphalapala zimadya pafupifupi makilogalamu 30, pomwe nthawi yozizira zimangodya 15 kg. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mphalapala zimawononga nkhalango, chifukwa nyama imodzi imadya pafupifupi matani 7 a zomera pachaka. Ma Elk amafunikira mchere, womwe amanyambita m'misewu, kapena amapita kukanyambita mchere womwe umakonzedweratu ndi oyang'anira masewera.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Pakufika nthawi yophukira, pafupifupi mu Seputembala, ma elks amayamba kulira. Amuna amapanga phokoso lalikulu, amakanda nyanga zawo pamitengo, kuthyola nthambi, ngati kuti akuitana amuna ena kuti amenyetse zazikazi.
Atapeza yaikazi, amamutsata, kuletsa nyama zina kuti zisamuyandikire. Munthawi imeneyi, amakhala andewu kwambiri. Nkhondo yapakati pa amuna awiri achikulire nthawi zina imatha ndikumwalira kwa wofowoka. Pankhondo zowopsa, mphalapala sizimenyera gulu la ziweto, koma za mkazi m'modzi yekha - ndizinyama zokhazokha.
Kupatula liti Akuluakulu amapangidwa ndipo makamaka azimayi amapezeka mgululi. Kenako yamphongo imodzi imafunika kuphimba akazi angapo, zomwe sizolondola kwenikweni.
Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri pachibwenzi, zimakhalira, ndipo pakatha masiku 230-240 mwana amabadwa. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso momwe zinthu ziliri, mwana wamphongo 1-2 amabadwira mu zinyalala. Koma m'modzi amafa m'masiku oyamba kapena masabata oyamba.
Mkati mwa sabata yoyamba ya moyo, ng'ombe ya mphalapala ndi yofooka kwambiri ndipo siyingathe kuyenda msanga, chifukwa chake ili ndi njira imodzi yokha yodzitetezera - kugona pansi muudzu ndikudikirira zoopsa. Zoona, ali ndi wotetezera wabwino - amayi ake akulu. Amachita zonse zotheka kuteteza ana ake, nthawi zina bwino.
Ngakhale zimbalangondo nthawi zina zimafa ndi kumenyedwa kwa miyendo yamphamvu ya ng'ombe yamphongo yokwiya. Pambuyo pake, adzatha kugwiritsitsa miyendo yake ndikutsatira amayi ake. Pakadali pano, amangodziwa kudya masambawo, omwe ali pamlingo wokula kwake.
Pambuyo pake, aphunzira kugwada kuti adye udzu, ndikukhotetsa mitengo yopyapyala kuti atenge masamba atsopano. Amuna a mphalapala amadya mkaka kwa miyezi inayi. Pa chakudya ichi, ng'ombe yolemera makilogalamu 6-16. kulemera kwatsopano kudzafika makilogalamu 120-200 pofika nthawi yophukira.
A Elks amayenera kukhala zaka pafupifupi 25, koma m'malo ovuta kuthengo, nthawi zambiri amakhala theka la moyo wawo. Izi ndichifukwa cha zimbalangondo, mimbulu yomwe imasaka nyama zodwala, komanso zakale, kapena mosemphanitsa, zazing'ono kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, elk ndi nyama yamasewera, kuyisaka ikuloledwa kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Januware.
