Gulu ili la jellyfish, la kalasi ya zokwawa, lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20 yokha. Koma zonse ndi zoopsa, ngakhale kwa anthu.
Nsombazi zimatchulidwa choncho chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka dome lawo. Kuchokera poizoni nsomba zam'madzi anthu angapo anafa. Ndiye ndi ndani, awa mavu apamadzi kapena mbola za kunyanja?
Mbalame yodzikongoletsera
Mitunduyi imakhala m'madzi otentha komanso otentha okhala ndi mchere wamchere. M'nyanja zamalo otentha, mitundu iwiri ya nkhonozi zinalembedwa. Kanyumba kakang'ono, Tripedalia cystophora, kamakhala pamwamba pamadzi ndikusambira pakati pamizu ya mangrove ku Jamaica ndi Puerto Rico.
Iyi ndi nsomba yodziwika bwino yomwe imakhala ndipo imabereka mosavuta ukapolo, motero idakhala chinthu chophunziridwa ku Faculty of Biology ku Sweden.
Madzi otentha a Philippines ndi Australia tsopano akhala kwawo nsomba bokosi la ku Australia (Chironex fleckeri). Zing'onozing'ono, zotetezedwa ku mphepo, mapiko okhala ndi mchenga ndi malo omwe amakonda.
Pakakhala bata amabwera pafupi ndi magombe, makamaka m'mawa kapena madzulo, amasambira pafupi ndi madzi. M'nthawi yotentha yamasana, amira m'madzi ozizira bwino.
Makhalidwe a nsomba zam'madzi
Asayansi akadali kutsutsana za ubale wa jellyfish ndi gulu lina kapena gulu lodziyimira pawokha. Gulu la scyphoid coelenterates limaphatikizapo ndi nsomba zam'madzi, koma mosiyana ndi oimira ena, bokosi la jellyfish lili ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikunja - mawonekedwe a dome pamadulidwewo ndi ozungulira kapena amakona anayi.
Mitundu yonse ya jellyfish imakhala yolumikizira mosiyanasiyana, koma bokosi la jellyfish ndiloposa ena. Iyi ndi nsomba modyetsa kwambiri, yokhoza kupha munthu ndimaselo ake owopsa.
Ngakhale mutangokhudza pang'ono, kutentha kwakukulu kumatsalira mthupi, kupweteka kwakukulu kumachitika ndipo wovutikayo ayamba kutsamwa. Ndikulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi mahema nsomba zam'madzi (mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu adatengeka nawo, ndipo panali zoposa chimodzi kuluma) Imfa imachitika mphindi 1-2.
M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zambiri za mavu zimabwera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kenako anthu ambiri amakhala ozunzidwa. Sakonzekera kuukira munthu, m'malo mwake, pamene ena osiyanasiyana ayandikira, amasambira.
Chinthu china chosadziwika cha jellyfish ndi masomphenya. Maso opangidwa bwino m'chipinda, monga momwe zimakhalira, ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Koma chowunikira ndichakuti nsomba zam'madzi sizitha kusiyanitsa zazing'ono, ndipo zimangowona zinthu zazikulu. Maso asanu ndi limodzi ali m'mabowo osanjikizana m'mbali mwa belu.
Kapangidwe ka diso kumaphatikizapo diso, diso, mandala, iris. Koma, maso sanalumikizane ndi dongosolo lamanjenje la jellyfish, chifukwa chake sizikudziwika momwe akuwonera.
Moyo wama bokosi oseketsa
Zinaululidwa kuti bokosi la jellyfish limakhala ndi chibadwa chosaka nyama. Koma asayansi ena ali otsimikiza kuti amangokhala osachita chilichonse, ndipo amangodikirira wovulalayo m'madzi, akumakhudza ndi matenti awo chomwe "chimagwira m'manja."
Zochita zawo zimasokonezedwa ndi mayendedwe azizolowezi, omwe amakhala nawo kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina, mpaka jellyfish amatha kusambira mwachangu mpaka 6 mita pamphindi.
Kuthamanga kwa kuyenda kumakwaniritsidwa ndikutulutsa kwa jet ya madzi kudzera m'malo ochepera chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwa minofu ya belu. Malangizo oyendetsera mayendedwe adzakhazikitsidwa ndi vellarium (khola la belu m'mphepete).
Kuphatikiza apo, imodzi mwanjira zamtundu wa jellyfish ili ndi makapu oyamwa omwe amatha kukhazikika m'malo olimba pansi. Mitundu ina ili ndi phototaxis, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kusambira molowera kuunika.
Zimakhala zovuta kuyang'anira bokosi lalikulu la nsomba, chifukwa zimakhala zowonekera bwino ndikuyesera kusambira munthu akafika. Amakhala moyo wachinsinsi kwambiri. M'masiku otentha amatsikira pansi penipeni, ndipo usiku amanyamuka pamwamba.
Ngakhale bokosi la jellyfish ndilokulirapo - dome limakhala lokulira mpaka 30 cm, ndipo ma tentacles amakhala mpaka 3 mita m'litali, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuzizindikira m'madzi.
Chakudya
Pamakona anayi a dome, mahema ali pomwepo, kupatukana kuchokera pansi. Epidermis yazomwe zimapangidwazo imakhala ndimizere yolumikizana, yomwe imayambitsidwa ikakumana ndi zinthu zina pakhungu la amoyo, ndikupha wozunzidwayo ndi poyizoni wawo.
The poizoni amakhudza zamanjenje, khungu ndi mtima minofu. Zoyeserera izi zimasunthira nyamayo kumalo osungunuka, komwe kumatsegulira pakamwa.
Pambuyo pake, nsomba zam'madzi zimaimirira pamwamba kapena pansi pakamwa pake ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatenga chakudya. Ngakhale ntchito yamasana, jellyfish imadyetsa makamaka usiku. Chakudya chawo ndi shrimps zazing'ono, zooplankton, nsomba zazing'ono, ma polychaetes, bristle-mandibular ndi zina zopanda mafupa.
Pachithunzicho, kuwotcha kuchokera m'bokosi la nsomba
Jellyfish yama bokosi ndi cholumikizira chofunikira kwambiri pagulu lazakudya zamadzi am'mbali mwa nyanja. Masomphenya amadziwika kuti amatenga gawo pakusaka ndi kudyetsa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Monga jellyfish yonse, jellyfish yama bokosi imagawaniza moyo wawo m'magawo awiri: gawo la polyp ndi jellyfish palokha. Poyamba, polyp amamatira kumagawo apansi, pomwe amakhala, ndikuchulukitsa asexually ndikumera.
Pochita zinthu zoterezi, kusintha kwa thupi kumachitika, ndipo polyp imagawika pang'onopang'ono. Gawo lalikulu limapita kumoyo m'madzi, ndipo chidutswa chotsalira pansi chimafa.
Pofuna kubzala bokosi la nsomba, amuna ndi akazi amafunika, ndiye kuti, umuna umachitika pogonana. Nthawi zambiri kunja. Koma mitundu ina imasankha kuchita mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, amuna a Carybdea sivickisi amatulutsa spermatophores (zotengera zokhala ndi umuna) ndikuzipereka kwa akazi.
Akazi amawasunga m'matumbo mpaka atafunikira umuna. Akazi amtundu wa Carybdea rastoni okha amapeza ndikunyamula umuna wobisidwa ndi amuna, omwe amapangira mazirawo.
Kuchokera m'mazira amapangidwa ndi mphutsi ya ciliary, yomwe imakhazikika pansi ndikusandulika. Amatchedwa planula. Palinso mikangano yokhudza kubereka komanso kayendedwe ka moyo. Kumbali imodzi, "kubadwa" kwa jellyfish imodzi yokha kuchokera ku polyp imodzi kumatanthauziridwa ngati kusintha kwa thupi.
Kuchokera apo zimadalira kuti polyp ndi jellyfish ndi magawo awiri a mawonekedwe a cholengedwa chimodzi. Njira ina ndiyo kupanga jellyfish mkati mwa njira yoberekera, yomwe asayansi amatcha monodisc strobilation. Ndizofanana ndi polydisc strobilation of polyps mu chiyambi cha scyphoid jellyfish.
Chikhalidwe cha bokosi la jellyfish chimatengera chiyambi chakale kwambiri. Zakale zakale kwambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi mzinda wa Chicago ndipo asayansi akuti akhala zaka zopitilira 300 miliyoni. Mwinamwake, chida chawo chakupha chidapangidwa kuti ziteteze zolengedwa zosalimba izi kwa zimphona zam'madzi a nthawi imeneyo.
