Kachilombo kakang'ono kochititsa chidwi komwe, mbali inayo, sikangakhale kosangalatsa kwa diso la munthu, koma mbali inayi, tisangalatse makutu athu ndi mawu ake osangalatsa. Tikamayenda paki kapena m'nkhalango m'nyengo yotentha komanso youma, timamva "tiziromboti" tambirimbiri tomwe timadziwika ndi dzina lonyada, kutulutsa mawu ndi matimbidwe osiyanasiyana komanso pafupipafupi kricket.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Cricket
M'chilengedwe chathu, pali mitundu yambiri ya kricket kuchokera kubanja la "crickets weniweni", yemwe dzina lake lachilatini ndi Gryllidae:
- Cricket yaku Eastern (Oecanthus longicaudus) - imapezeka ku Japan, China ndi Far East yaku Russia. Dzina lachiwiri la kachilombo ndi "lipenga lakummawa".
- Cricket yam'munda (Gryllus campestris) ndi mtundu wina wa crickets wa orthoptera. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'maiko a Asia Minor ndi Western Asia, South ndi Central Europe, m'maiko aku Africa. Amakonda minda yamadzulo ndi minda, malo otseguka pansi pa dzuwa, nkhalango zowala za paini, malo aliwonse otseguka pansi pa dzuwa.
- House cricket (Acheta domesticus) - monga cricket wam'munda, ndi amtundu wa crickets wam'mimba. Tizilombo timakhala munthawi yozizira munyumba za anthu, muzipinda zilizonse zotentha, nyumba zamakampani zotentha, zipinda zapansi, ndi zina zambiri. Poyambira kasupe wofunda ndipo mpaka nthawi yophukira kwambiri, amasiya malo, ndi zina zomangirira, kupita ku chilengedwe. Dzina lachiwiri ndi kanyumba wanyumba.
Palinso ma crickets, mwa njira ina amatchedwanso "nyerere wamba." Ndizochokera ku tizilombo ta Orthoptera ndi mitundu ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mwanjira ina, amatchedwanso kricket yodyetsa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso zopanda mapiko Amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri pa tizilombo tonse ta kricket. "Achibale" apafupi kwambiri a cricket ndi ziwala ndi dzombe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Cricket
Crickets onse ndi ochepa kukula, komabe amawoneka mosiyana, kutengera gulu lomwe tizilombo timakhala.
Brownie cricket, mpaka pafupifupi 24 mm kukula. Pali maso mbali zonse. "Tinyanga tomwe timakhala pamutu ndizotalika kuposa thupi lawo, lomwe limagwira ntchito yokhudza kukhudza." Thupi limakutidwa ndi chinthu chapadera chotchedwa chitin. Zimathandiza kuti tizilombo tidziteteze ku zinthu zachilengedwe zovulaza komanso kupewa madzi.
Kanema: Cricket
Mitunduyi ndi yotuwa-chikaso, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi zipsera zofiirira. Zili ndi mapiko omwe amawathandiza kuyenda mofulumira. Akapindidwa, mapikowo amatuluka mopitirira thupi lonse, ndipo amafanana ndi mchira wautali. Zinyama zapakhomo sizigwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo.
Ali ndi miyendo itatu, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyotalikirapo, chifukwa cha iwo kricket imatha kuyenda mwachangu komanso pamtunda wautali. Magulu awiri apatsogolo a miyendo amakhala ngati ziwalo zomvera. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumatchedwa "ovipositor". Pali akazi ndi amuna, koma amasiyana kukula. Mwa akazi, ovipositor ndiwotalika - kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.4 cm, mwa amuna ndi 3 - 5 mm kuchepera.
Munda cricket amasiyana "kunyumba" Cricket ake chidwi kukula. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala mpaka masentimita 2.5. Thupi lakuda ndi mithunzi yakuda, yokutidwa ndi gloss. Mutu ndi chowulungika ndi maso ndi tinyanga. Otsalira a "munda bug" amawoneka ngati kricket wa brownie.
Lipenga lakummawa limakula mpaka masentimita 1.3. Poyerekeza ndi anzawo, ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Cricket yotchedwa stem cricket idatchedwa ndi dzina chifukwa imayika mazira mumitengo ya zomera. Dzina lachiwiri - "Lipenga lakummawa" lidalandila chifukwa choyambira (Far East).
Imasiyana pamitundu ndi mitundu yake ya bulauni, yokhala ndi mitundu yobiriwira. Komanso tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, tiziwiri tawatatu tawotchi, komwe kumbuyo kwake kuli kwamphamvu kwambiri, mapiko ndi ma elytra amaonekera. Thupi lokhalitsa limatikumbutsa za ziwala. Crickets ndizochepa kwambiri, mpaka 5 mm. Alibe mapiko, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi mphemvu zoweta.
Kodi kricket amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Cricket muudzu
Malo okhala crickets "apakhomo" m'derali okhala ndi nyengo yotentha m'miyezi yotentha: minda yobiriwira, madambo, mapiri otseguka a nkhalango, minda ya paini pansi pa dzuwa. Amadzikumbira wokha ndi nsagwada zawo, momwe amabisala nyengo yoipa kapena ngozi. Akasiya nyumba zawo, amaziphimba ndi udzu, amapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, kricket yakunyumba ikuyang'ana pogona m'nyumba zowonjezera, komanso m'malo aliwonse ofunda. Sakhala m'nyumba, kupatula chipinda choyamba cha nyumba zakale. Ma crickets akumunda amakhala m'malo otentha okha, m'mapiri, m'minda ndi m'nkhalango. Amakumba maenje awo nthaka yovundikira ndi ya oxygen, yakuya masentimita 15 mpaka 25. Maenje amenewa amaonedwa ngati pobisalira. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira, imabisala ngati mphutsi komanso munthu wamkulu (pagawo la tizilombo tating'ono).
Zazimayi zimatha kusiya maenje awo pofunafuna mnzawo, kumusiya, ndikuphimba ndi udzu wambiri, koma amuna samasiya malo awo okhala. M'malo mwake, m'malo mwake, amamuteteza kwa abale awo, kupita kunkhondo pakafunika kutero. Si zachilendo kuti njoka zakutchire zikafera "nyumba" yawo. Ambiri mwa kukhalapo kwake, kanyumba kamtunda kali pamtunda.
Cricket wamba amakhala ku Far East, steppe Russia, kumwera kwa Siberia, Caucasus ndi Kazakhstan. Amakonda kukhazikika muzomera, zitsamba, mapiri. Nyengo imadikirira pansi pa masamba pansi.
Crickets amakhala m'maiko ofunda aku America. Amakhala pafupi ndi zisa za nyerere. Ndipo nyengo yozizira kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi imadikirira muziphuphu momwe anthu akulu ndi mphutsi zimayendera. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Western and Eastern Europe, inapezeka ku Russia ndi Ukraine, pali zambiri zokhudza zomwe zimapezeka ku Italy ndi Romania.
Kodi cricket imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Cricket ya tizilombo
Zakudya za kricket ndizosiyanasiyana. Mwachilengedwe chawo, onse amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba: mizu ndi masamba a zomera, mphukira zatsopano za udzu, masamba a zitsamba. Amakonda mbande zazing'ono kwambiri, makamaka achikulire. Ma crickets akumunda ndi omnivorous, ndipo popeza amafunikira mapuloteni kuwonjezera pa kubzala chakudya, amadyanso mitembo yaying'ono yapadziko lapansi ya tizilombo tosagawanika.
Zinyumba zapakhomo zimadyanso zotsalira zomwe anthu azisiya. Koma amakonda kwambiri chakudya chamadzi kunyumba. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timadyanso tizilombo tofewa komanso tosiyanasiyana. “Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi lingaliro loti kudya anzawo. Akuluakulu amatha kudya ana ndi mphutsi zomwe sizinafikebe msinkhu wogonana. "
Makiriketi omwe amakula mwapadera amadyetsedwa ndi zakudya zazomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Zakudyazo zili ndi: zotsalira za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zinyenyeswazi za mkate ndi tirigu wina, nsonga ndi masamba ochokera kumunda, komanso nsomba ndi ufa wa dzira. Koma koposa zonse, amafunikira madzi, omwe amaperekedwa bwino ngati chinkhupule choviikidwa m'madzi. Crickets oterewa amapangidwira makamaka ku Zoo ya Moscow, kuti azidyetsa ma ward awo.
Ichi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, samaluma ndipo samasonyeza zachiwawa kudziko lakunja ndi anthu. Chiwawa chawo chonse chitha kuwonekera kwa mnzake yemwe wagwera mdera lake lotetezedwa. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kumuopa.
Koma pamakhala nthawi zina, pakakhala njenjete zochuluka kwambiri m'derali, zokolola zitha kutayika. Izi ndizosiyana ndi zamalamulo, koma pakhala pali milandu. Ndipo nyengo zina, kricket imatha kuchulukana mwachangu komanso "zambiri". Kenako zida zapadera zimabwera ngati othandizira omwe angathandize kuthana ndi alendo omwe sanaitanidwe.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Cricket
Chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe kricket ali nacho, komanso chomwe nthawi zina munthu amawaberekera "kunyumba", ndimamvekedwe osangalatsa. Amatulutsa zikwangwani zapadera, zapadera komanso zomveka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, "nyimbo" zoterezi zimafalitsidwa ndi amuna okhwima okha ogonana. Pali mitundu itatu yazizindikiro. Phokoso lililonse lili ndi tanthauzo lake. Zizindikiro zina zimalimbikitsa mkazi kuti akwatirane, pomwe zina zimawopseza omwe angatengere akazi. Ndipo ena amatulutsa zikwangwani, kukondana ndi mnzake, kuti amukope.
Kodi njuga zimamveka bwanji? Pampiko lamanja la "kachilomboka" muli zingwe zapadera zolira, zomwe zimakokanso phiko lakumanzere. Umu ndimomwe kumveka kulira kwa kanyumba kumachitika. Mapiko otukulidwa amatonthozera ngati phokoso. Kupitilira 4000 pamphindikati pamphindi kumapanga mapiko awo. Chifukwa chake, zizindikirazo zimamveka bwino kwambiri kwa anthu. Zinyama zonse zachilimwe zimalira, ndipo izi zimamveka bwino m'chilengedwe.
"M'masiku akale ankakhulupirira kuti ngati kricket" wolira "amakhala m'nyumba, zimabweretsa mwayi kwa eni ake, kumuteteza ku zoyipa komanso matenda. Kwa atsikana apakati omwe amakhala mnyumbamo, izi zimatanthauza kubadwa kosavuta. Ndipo simukadayenera kuzichotsa. " Lero zonse ndizosiyana, si anthu ambiri onga "oyimba" otere, wina amangonyansitsa tizilombo, ndipo wina kuyimba kusokoneza tulo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakonda kutentha, popanda izo, njira yoberekera ndi chitukuko imachedwetsa, zimakhala zopanda ntchito. Ndipo ngati kutentha kumafikira manambala ochepa, tizilombo timangobisala.
Mwa njira, m'maiko ena aku Asia, crickets amadya ngati chakudya chokoma. Alendo ambiri omwe amabwera kudzacheza amapatsidwa mwayi wolawa tizilombo timeneti popita kumsika.
Crickets ali ndi moyo wapadera - wamwamuna m'modzi amakhala ndi gawo lina lamalamulo lomwe amalamulira. Amatha kukopa akazi ambiri, omwe amangowaganizira okha. China chake ngati azimayi. Koma Mulungu aletse kuti mwamuna wina alowe m'dera lake - nkhondo imayamba, momwe munthu m'modzi yekha ndiye amapulumuka. Ndipo mwamuna yemwe wapambana amatha kudya ndi mnzake.
Achi China, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamoyo - mpikisano pakati pa amuna, amakonza zolimbana ndi ma crickets akumunda. Cricket yomwe imapambana duel imalandira "mphotho".
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cricket kumunda
Tizilombo tonse m'moyo wawo timadutsa magawo atatu: dzira, mphutsi ndi wamkulu (mwanjira ina, imago). Koma njira yoberekera crickets mumtundu uliwonse imasiyana pakukula, kuchuluka kwa magawo ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo:
Zinyama zakumunda - imbani "serenade" pakhomo la maenje awo, kuyitanitsa akazi azisewera. Pambuyo pokolola, zazikazi zimaikira mazira 600 m'nthaka. Mphutsi imawonekera m'masabata 2.5 - 4. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mphutsi zitatuluka m'mazira, nthawi yomweyo zimasungunuka, ndikukhala ngati tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikhoza kukwawa pansi.
Amakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo amatha kutulutsa maulendo 8 nthawi yotentha. Nthawi yozizira ikangolowa, amabisala m'makola awo omwe anakumba ndi nsagwada zawo. M'nyumba iwo, pambuyo pa 1 - 2 molts, amasandulika munthu wamkulu (imago). Ndipo akangomva kutentha, amatuluka ngati achikulire ndikukonzekeranso kubereka. Ikayika mazira, yaikazi imafa kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Nthawi ya moyo mpaka zaka 1.5.
Cricket wamba amaikira mazira m'ming'alu yonyowa m'nthaka. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kuikira mazira mpaka 180 nyengo iliyonse, koma kutentha kwambiri, kuyambira + 28 kupita pamwambapa, amatha kuikira kawiri kapena katatu. Pakatha sabata limodzi mpaka miyezi itatu (kutengera nyengo - kutentha, mawonekedwe amapita mwachangu), ma nymphs amaswa, nawonso alibe mapiko. Magawo 11 amakulidwe awo amapita kwa munthu wamkulu. Kutalika kwa imago "wanyumba" kumakhala mpaka masiku 90.
Mfundo yokhathamira ndi kuyikira mazira a cricket ndiyofanana ndi njira zam'mbuyomu zomwe zafotokozedwa. Ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo chili pafupi miyezi 3 - 4. Zimadalira nyengo ndi malo okhala mitundu iyi.
Njira yoika mazira mpaka kukula kwathunthu kwa kanyumba wamkulu wa nyerere ndi zaka ziwiri. Kutalika kwambiri kwamitundu yonse. Ndipo ndondomekoyi imakhala ndi magawo asanu, omwe amachitika mchiswe. Amakhala ndi moyo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. "Mitundu ya crickets iyi siyimatha kuyimba, chifukwa chake kukwatira kumachitika popanda chibwenzi komanso kufunafuna" zibwenzi "zazitali.
Adani achilengedwe a crickets
Chithunzi: Cricket
Crickets ali ndi adani ochepa. Uyu ndi mwamuna, popeza ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri, ayamba kulimbana nawo. Popeza palibe amene akufuna kutaya zokolola zawo, anthu amayamba kulimbana ndi crickets mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Panjira yathu yapakatikati, izi sizichitika, chifukwa kuti ambiri athe kukula, pamafunika nyengo yotentha, yomwe tilibe.
Munthu amagwiritsa njenjete ngati nyambo kuti agwire nsomba zosowa. Koma m'maiko ena aku Asia amadyedwa. M'mayiko ena, tizilombo timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha nyama - zokwawa zomwe zimakhala mnyumba ngati ziweto. Popeza ma cricket ali ndi mapuloteni komanso mapuloteni ambiri, amaonedwa kuti ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali.
Chosangalatsa: mu 2017, nyuzipepala inanena za kampani yaku America ku Texas, yomwe inali yoyamba kutulutsa zokhwasula-khwasula zokhala ndi ma crickets okhala ndi mitundu isanu: mchere wamchere, kanyenya, kirimu wowawasa ndi anyezi, ndi zina zotere. ...
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tsinde la Cricket
Pali mitundu yopitilira 2 zikwi zosiyanasiyana za kricket padziko lathu lapansi. Amakhala m'makontinenti onse ndi nyengo yotentha, nthaka yonyowa komanso zomera. Mwachilengedwe, m'maiko omwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kotsika, sikungatheke kukumana ndi tizilombo "tolira".
Munthu waphunzira bwino kuswana tizilombo tina kunyumba. Kuti kuzungulira kuzikhala kosalekeza, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa: kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu m'thanki. Koma wina sangakhale wosasamala kanthu kuti matenda owopsa awonekera mwa cricket, omwe amachititsa microsporidium "Nosema grylli".
Mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, tizilombo tonse tomwe tili mchipinda chimodzi (malo okhala, zotengera, ndi zina zambiri) zitha kufa. Crickets amakhala olema, amatupa ndikufa. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira nosematosis m'mabanja omwe ali ndi njuchi.
Kudya anthu anzawo, kusungunuka kwanthawi yayitali, ndi khungu lawo - chitin zitha kuthandizanso kuchepa kwa anthu. Ndikudya anthu anzawo, zimamveka, koma kusungunuka kwanthawi yayitali kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi pamtundu waukulu wa anthu, m'deralo. Chitin imayambitsa zovuta zakunja kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kwa munthu wamkulu, motsatana, kuwonongeka kulikonse, kumawonjezera ngozi yakufa kwa tizilombo.
"Woyimba" wodabwitsayu amadziwika ndi ambiri. Amakhala moyandikana ndi munthu ndipo alibe vuto lililonse. Cricket - chimodzi mwazolengedwa zosangalatsa zomwe zitha kukhala mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kumukhumudwitsa mukakumana mwadzidzidzi paulendo wanu. Ndikokwanira kumvera zomwe "akuyimba" ndipo zosangalatsazo zidzadzuka zokha!
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.03.2019
Idasinthidwa: 17.09.2019 pa 17:35
