Wolemba wachi Russia kapena khokhulya - kanyama kakang'ono kofanana ndi mtanda pakati pa otter ndi khoswe, wokhala ndi mphuno yayitali, mchira wakhungu ndi kafungo kabwino ka musky, kamene kamadziwika ndi dzina lake (kuchokera ku "huhat" wakale waku Russia - kununkha).
Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi wachinyamata, zomwe ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi mnzake waku Russia. Kutalika kwa thupi la wolowera ku Russia kuli pafupifupi masentimita 20, ndipo mchirawo ndi wofanana ndendende, wokutidwa ndi masikelo owoneka ngati nyanga komanso tsitsi lolimba.
Wodalitsayo amakhala ndi mphuno yayitali kwambiri, pomwe pamakhala masharubu ovuta. Maso ndi ang'ono, ngati mikanda yakuda, atazunguliridwa ndi chigamba cha khungu loyera lodera.
Desman amatha kuwona bwino, koma amalipira izi ndi kununkhiza komanso kukhudza. Miyendo ndi yaifupi kwambiri. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi phazi lamiyendo, ndipo zala zake ndizolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosuntha mwachangu pansi pamadzi.
Pamiyendo yake pali zikhadabo zazitali kwambiri komanso zolimba zosafooka, zomwe ndizotheka kutulutsa zipolopolo za gastropods (imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za desman).
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi, zithunzi za munthu waku Russia nthawi zambiri amakhala maziko a memes Internet, chifukwa cha chilombo ichi chapeza kutchuka kwakukulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Amakhulupirira kuti muskrat, monga mtundu, adawonekera Padziko Lapansi zaka 30,000,000 zapitazo. Masiku amenewo, desman ankakhala ku Europe konse mpaka ku British Isles.
Pompano muskrat Olembedwa mu Buku Lofiira, ndipo imangopezeka m'chigawo cha Europe cha USSR wakale, chomwe chimaphatikizapo gawo la Europe la Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan. Malo okhala ku Desman amakhala ochepa ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje yambiri, komanso malo osungirako apadera ndi malo opulumukirako.
Izi ndichifukwa chakapangidwe kamakobowoka a desman - ndi ngalande, kuyambira 1 mpaka 10 mita kutalika, kukwera mozungulira mokongoletsa chisa, chomwe chimakhala pansi pamadzi nthawi zonse.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa desman
Ngakhale zili choncho muskrat - nyama chirombo, amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, m'makumba okumba bwino. Dzenje lililonse limakhala ndi potuluka kamodzi, chifukwa chake, ikasefukira, desman amayenera kudikirira mitengo yomwe imira, dothi lalitali lomwe silitha kusefukira, kapena m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono omwe amakumbidwa pamwamba pamadzi.
Ndi nthawi yamadzi osefukira yomwe ndiyopambana kwambiri kwa ofufuza, chifukwa mwayi wokumana muskrat ndipo chitani chithunzi cha nyama imakula kwambiri.
Pakati pa nyengo yabwino (nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha) muskrat sikochezeka nyama... Anthu amakhala panthawiyi kapena ali m'mabanja. Pofika nyengo yozizira, osungulumwa komanso mabanja amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 12 mpaka 15 kuti athandizane kupulumuka.
Pofuna kuyendetsa mozungulira kuchokera kubowola kupita kwina, munthuyo adakumba ngalande zazing'ono zamadzi. Nthawi zambiri mtunda pakati pa ma burrows umakhala mpaka 30 mita. Munthu wolimba amatha kusambira njirayi m'madzi pafupifupi mphindi, koma ngati kuli kotheka, nyamayi imatha kupuma m'madzi kwa mphindi zinayi.
Kuyanika ndi kuphwanya malo awo osungira kumakhala vuto lalikulu kwa desman. Kupeza pogona ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa nyamayo imawona moyipa kwambiri ndipo imayenda movutikira pansi chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka miyendo yake yakumbuyo, yomwe imasinthidwa bwino kuti izisambira pamadzi.
Chifukwa cha izi zonse, kuthekera kopeza nyumba yatsopano ndikonyalanyaza, ndipo, kotheka, nyama yopanda chitetezo imangokhala nyama yosavuta kwa mdani aliyense.
Chakudya
Zakudya za desman sizosiyana kwambiri. Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama izi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo, mollusks ndi leeches. M'nyengo yozizira, mndandandawu umadzazidwa ndi mitundu yonse yazakudya zamasamba ngakhale nsomba zazing'ono.
Ngakhale desman sali wamkulu kukula, imadya kwambiri - munthu wamkulu amadya chakudya chofanana ndi kulemera kwake patsiku. Njira yopezera chakudya nthawi yozizira ndiyosangalatsa.
Wosunthayo akasuntha kuchoka pa mink imodzi kupita ku ina mumtsinje wokumbedwayo, pang'onopang'ono amatulutsa mpweya womwe wasonkhanitsidwa, ndikusiya thovu laling'ono. Tinthu timeneti, tikamatuluka, timadzikundikira pansi pa ayezi ndikumazizira, ndikupangitsa kuti madzi oundanawo akhale osalimba komanso owuma.
M'madera oterewa, mikhalidwe yosinthira mpweya wabwino imapangidwa, yomwe imakopa ma molluscs, mwachangu ndi leeches, omwe amakhala nyama yosavuta ya desman.
Komanso, mwina, kununkhira kwa musk kumakopa nzika zam'madzi. Gwero la kununkhira uku ndi musk wamafuta obisika kuchokera kumafinya omwe ali mgawo loyamba lachitatu la mchira wa desman.
Chifukwa chake, chinyama sikuyenera kuthamangira pansi kukafunafuna chakudya - chakudyacho chimakokedwa kumakoko, komwe desman amasunthira pafupipafupi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yokwatirana, desman amatuluka m'manda awo ndikupeza wokwatirana naye. Amakopa mnzake pomakuwa. Wobisalira ndi wosowa kwambiri komanso wobisa kotero kuti ngakhale asodzi odziwa zambiri omwe amapita kukasaka nyama izi sangayankhe funso loti "momwe desman amafuulira?”.
Zazimuna zimamveka mokweza kwambiri, koma amuna amalira kwambiri. Nthawi yonse yosankha awiriwa imatsagana ndi mikangano ndi ndewu zapakati pa amuna. Mimba ya Desman imatha milungu 6 - 7, ndichifukwa chake mwana mmodzi mpaka asanu amabadwa. Kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda sikungopitirira magalamu atatu.
Ana amabadwa amaliseche, akhungu komanso osowa chochita - miyoyo yawo imadalira chisamaliro cha makolo awo. Yaimuna ndi yaimuna zonse zimasamalira ana, kuyang'anira anawo mosinthana ndipo sapezeka kuti adye.
Ana amayamba kudya okhaokha patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa. Amakhala odziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi 4 - 5. Pakatha theka la chaka, amakula msinkhu ndipo amatha kale kupanga awiriawiri ndikubereka ana.
Kwa chaka chimodzi, wamwamuna wamkazi amatha kubereka ana awiri. Nsonga zachonde zimachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni komanso kuyambira Novembala mpaka Disembala. Yang'anani mwatcheru zithunzi za desman... Zolengedwa izi zidawoneka padziko lapansi zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, zidapulumuka nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mammoth, zidapulumuka zoopsa zambiri.
Ndipo tsopano, m'nthawi yathu ino, zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha kuyanika ndi kuipitsa matupi amadzi, kuwedza amateur ndi maukonde ndikunyalanyaza mavuto azachilengedwe a anthu.
