Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
M'madzi mbalame zamiyendo yabuluu idapeza dzina losazolowereka kuchokera ku liwu laku Spain loti 'bobo' (dzina la Chingerezi la boobies ndi 'booby'), lomwe limatanthauza "kuseketsa" mu Chirasha.
Anthu amapatsa mbalame dzina lowoneka ngati loipitsa chifukwa chakuyenda kwawo mosakhazikika, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa nthumwi za m'nyanja. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame yachilendoyi pazilumba za Galapagos, pazilumba za Gulf of California, pagombe la Mexico, pafupi ndi Ecuador.
Gannet imakonda nyanja zotentha, makamaka pafupi ndi zilumba zowuma momwe zimamangirako chisa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti m'malo okhala mbalameyi saopa anthu ndipo imawalumikiza molimba mtima, kuti mutha kupeza ambiri chithunzi chokhala ndi nsapato za buluu.
Chisa ndi kupumula pansi, kotchingidwa ndi nthambi ndi timiyala tating'ono. Nthawi zambiri, ma gannet amakonda mitengo ndi miyala. Nthawi yomweyo, makolo amatha kusamalira zisa zingapo zomwe zili patali kwambiri. Mbalameyi ndi yaing'ono.
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi 70-85 cm wolemera 1.5-3.5 makilogalamu, akazi amatha kukhala okulirapo pang'ono. Maonekedwe a mbalameyi ndiosawoneka bwino - nthenga zofiirira komanso zoyera, milomo imvi, mchira wakuda wakuda ndi mapiko, komabe, chosiyanacho ndimitunduyi ndi miyendo yolimba yabuluu. Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa maso (zowoneka, popeza pali mawanga amdima mozungulira maso a amuna).
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Moyo wamiyendo yabuluu mosamalitsa m'madzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zala zakuphazi zimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba, ndipo mphuno ya mbalame imatsekedwa nthawi zonse, kuti tipewe kulowerera kwamadzi posambira, gannet amapumira m'makona amlomo. Pamtunda, mbalame imapezeka pokhapokha pomanga chisa ndikusamalira ana kapena usiku, pamene gannet ikupuma.
Ndi kunyezimira koyamba kwa dzuwa, akulu amachoka pachisa ndikuyamba kusaka nsomba. Mbalame zimatha kuthamangitsa nyama kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo, panthawi yoyenera, kulowera m'madzi, kuigwira. Kusuntha kuchokera kuulendo kupita kukagwa musanalowe m'madzi, mbalame zimatha kuthamanga msanga mpaka 100 km / h, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuyenda mpaka kufika mamita 25. M'madzi, gannet imasaka nyama ikasambira.
Monga lamulo, kugwira nyama sikubwera panthawi yonyamula, koma panjira yobwerera kumtunda. Izi ndichifukwa choti mimba yopepuka ya ziwombankhanga imawonekera bwino kuchokera kumwamba, ndipo mdima wakumaso umaphimba mlenje ndipo nsomba sizimamuwona. Ntchito yosaka nthawi zina imatha kuchitidwa ndi mbalame imodzi, koma nthawi zambiri kusaka kumachitika pagulu (anthu 10-12).
Amawuluka m'malo ampweya wa nsomba mutu wawo atayang'anitsitsa, akuyang'anitsitsa m'madzi, ndipo ngati atatero ma boobies oyenda buluu imazindikira nyama, imapereka chidziwitso kwa anzako, pambuyo pake kumayendetsa kofanana. Zazimayi zimauluka kuti zizisaka zikafunika kokha, koma nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, wamkazi amatha kugwira nsomba zazikulu.
Pachithunzicho, gannet wamiyendo yabuluu amalumphira nsomba
Zambiri zatsopano za mbalame ya buluu yomwe yadziwika ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa. Mtundu wosazolowereka wa paws umachitika chifukwa cha zakudya za omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi, kupezeka kwa mitundu ya carotenoid mu nsomba.
Ndiye kuti, amuna amtundu wathanzi omwe amachita bwino kusaka, omwe amalandila chakudya chochuluka, amakhala ndi miyendo yowala kuposa ya mbalame zodwala, zofooka kapena zakale. Izi zimapangitsanso akazi kukhala achidwi kwambiri ndi amuna okhala ndi miyendo yowala, chifukwa nkhuku zamtsogolo zimamvetsetsa kuti anapiye athanzi amachokera kwa oimira amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Chakudya
Zikasaka bwino, amuna amapita ku zisa kukadyetsa zazikazi ndi ana ndi nsomba zomwe zagwidwa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti gannet sakonda mtundu uliwonse wamasambira, amatha kudya nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe amatha kuzigwira (zachidziwikire, zimadalira kukula kwa nyama, mbalame zopepuka zimasaka nsomba zazing'ono).
Nthawi zambiri, wozunzidwayo ndi sardine, mackerel, mackerel, ndipo gannet samazengereza kutsekemera ndi matumbo a nsomba zazikulu - zotsalira za chakudya cha nyama zazikulu. Nthawi zina ma gannet samachita kulowa m'madzi, chifukwa amatha kugwira nsomba zouluka zomwe zimauluka pamwamba pamadzi. Mosiyana ndi achikulire, makanda samadya nsomba zatsopano. Amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chomwe kale chadulidwa kale ndi akulu.
Ngati chakudya sichikwanira anapiye onse, makolo amadyetsa zazikulu zokhazokha, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wake wopulumuka, anapiye ang'onoang'ono ndi ofooka amalandila chakudya chotsirizira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokhwima, amuna amawonetsa zikhomo zowoneka bwino kwa akazi ochokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, motero kuwonetsa mphamvu ndi thanzi. Kutsogolo gule wakukwatirana wa ma boobies amiyendo yabuluu wamwamuna amaperekanso wosankhidwa wake ndi mphatso yaying'ono ngati mwala kapena nthambi, pambuyo pake kuvina komweko kumatsatira. Wokwera pamahatchi amatsogolera mchira ndi nsonga za mapiko m'mwamba, amatembenukira ndi zikhomo zake kuti mkazi aziwona bwino, amatambasula khosi lake ndi mluzu.
Ngati dona amakonda chibwenzi, anthuwo amagwadirana, amakhudza nsonga za milomo yawo ndipo chachikazi chimayambanso kuvina, ndikupanga kuvina kozungulira kuchokera kwa osankhidwa. Kukondana ndi kuvina kumatha kutenga maola angapo. Palinso okwatirana okhaokha komanso amitala (ocheperako). Mkazi amatha kupanga clutch yatsopano m'miyezi 8-9.
Nthawi iliyonse ikayikira mazira 2-3, omwe amasamalidwa bwino ndi makolo onse kwa mwezi ndi theka. Kuchuluka kwa mazira chifukwa chovutika ndi makulitsidwe. Ma boobies amateteza kutentha muchisa (pafupifupi madigiri 40) osati ndi thupi lawo, koma ndi zikhomo zawo, zomwe panthawiyi zimafufuma ndikutentha chifukwa cha magazi omwe amapita kwa iwo.
Anapiye sangathe kutentha okha kwa mwezi umodzi atabadwa, chifukwa nthenga zawo sizikupezeka kwambiri. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-2.5, ana okulirapo amasiya zisa, ngakhale kuti sangathe kuwuluka kapena kusambira, zonsezi, monga kusaka, ayenera kuphunzira pawokha, kuwonera achikulire. Zikafika zaka 3-4, mbalame zimakula msinkhu wogonana ndipo zimakhala ndi mabanja awo. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, booby wamiyendo yabuluu amatha kukhala zaka 20.
