Pakutchulidwa kwa kanyimbi, ambiri amakhumudwa ndikutulutsa mawu akuti: "Fuuu!". Inde Inde, kanyimbi adatchuka ndendende chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake, chifukwa chake nthawi zina dzina lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyitanitsa munthu yemwe samanunkhira bwino. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kumvetsetsa zofunikira za mawonekedwe a nyama yosazolowereka, kuzindikira zizolowezi zake, kufotokoza mawonekedwe ake, momwe amadyera komanso malo okhala nyambo nthawi zonse.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Skunk
Skunk ndi nyama yodya nyama ya banja limodzi la skunk. Posachedwa, ma skunks anali m'gulu la banja la mustelidae chifukwa chofananako ndi zakunja, koma asayansi adachita kafukufuku wamitundu ndi mamolekyulu ndipo apeza kuti ma skunks ali pafupi ndi banja la panda kuposa ma mustelids ndi ma raccoons, monga amaganizira kale. Zotsatira zamaphunziro awa zinali zakuti ma skunks amasankhidwa kukhala banja losiyana.
Kanema: Skunk
Zachidziwikire, choyambirira, kanyimbi kamalumikizidwa ndi chinsinsi chonunkha chomwe chinyama chimasindikiza mothandizidwa ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono mumphindi zikawona ngati zowopsa. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri, wowala komanso nthawi yomweyo wolimba wakuda ndi woyera. Mtundu wosiyanasiyanowu ndi chenjezo kwa anthu ambiri osafuna.
Chosangalatsa: Ndege yonunkhira ya skunk imatha kugunda mdani mita 6 kutali ndi nyama. Kununkhiza kwa chida choterechi kuli ndi kukana kosaneneka, kotero kuchichotsa sikophweka konse.
Kuphatikiza pa kununkhira komanso mitundu yapachiyambi, kanyimbi kamakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, lokhazikika, miyendo yayifupi, yokhala ndi zikhadabo zochititsa chidwi, ndi mchira wokongola, wolemera, wolimba, komanso wautali. Kunja, kanyimbi amaoneka ngati mtanda pakati pa mbira ndi ferret. Zoologist zimasiyanitsa magawo anayi a skunk, ogawidwa m'mitundu 12.
Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu inayi ya zikopa:
- mtundu wa zikopa za nkhumba;
- mtundu wa zikopa zamizeremizere;
- mtundu wa mbira zonunkhira (poyamba zinali za banja la weasel);
- mtundu wa zikopa zamawangamawanga.
Mitundu yonse ya skunk imasiyanasiyana osati m'malo awo okha, komanso kukula, mawonekedwe amtundu, chifukwa chake tikufotokozera mawonekedwe akunja a nyama izi pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe kanyimbi amaonekera
Kanyimbi mikwingwirima chofala kwambiri pabanja lonse la skunk, ndi nyama yaying'ono, koma yomanga bwino. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumakhala masentimita 28 mpaka 38, ndipo mchira wautali umasiyanasiyana masentimita 17 mpaka 30. Kulemera kwake kwa chinyama kumachokera ku 1.2 mpaka 5.3 kg. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, zikhadabo pa izo ndizopindika pang'ono, pa miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yayitali, ndikofunikira kukumba maenje. Makutu a kanyimbi ndi amfupi, m'malo olimba, komanso ozungulira pamwamba. Chovala cha skunk chimakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambiri, koma ubweyawo ndiwokhotakhota, mchira umasweka ndipo umawoneka wachuma.
Mtundu wa nyama uli ndi sikelo yakuda ndi yoyera. Suti yakuda ya skunk ili ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera yomwe imayambira kumutu ndikutambalala kumbuyo mpaka kumchira komwe, komwe mumitundu yake kuli tsitsi mumayendedwe akuda ndi oyera.
Chosangalatsa: Zadziwika kuti mwa anthu osiyanasiyana a zikopa zamizeremizere, kutalika ndi kupingasa kwa mikwingwirima yoyera ndizosiyana.
Skunk mexican amasiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu mumiyeso yaying'ono, kulemera kwake sikufikira kilogalamu ndipo kumakhala pakati pa 800 mpaka 900 magalamu. Mitundu ya skunk ili ndi mitundu iwiri. Choyamba ndi chofala kwambiri: pamwamba pake pamakhala yoyera kwathunthu, ndipo ziwalo zina zonse (pamimba, m'mphuno, miyendo) ndi zakuda. Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa utoto, kamvekedwe kakuda kamapambana ndipo kokha pambali pali mikwingwirima yoyera kwambiri yoyera yomwe imawonekera, gawo lamkati la mchira, nthawi zambiri, limayeranso. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chovala cha chinyamacho ndi chachitali komanso chofewa kuposa cha kanyimbi kamizeremizere, ndipo kwa tsitsi lalitali lomwe linali pakhosi limatchedwa "hood skunk".
Kanyimbi kakang'ono koonekera silimasiyana kukula kwakukulu, lili ndi kutalika kwa thupi - kuyambira masentimita 23 mpaka 35, ndipo mchira uli ndi kutalika - kuchokera pa masentimita 11 mpaka 22. Pa thupi lakuda, zokongoletsera za mikwingwirima yoyera ndi zipsera nthawi zonse zimakhala payekha. Ndizosatheka kukumana ndi nyama zamtundu womwewo. Nyamayo imawoneka yokongola, ndipo kuchokera kutali kuwona kumawoneka muutoto wa malaya amoto.
Skunk South America a mtundu wa nkhumba. Nyamayi imakhala ndi kukula kodabwitsa, kanyamaka kamatha kutalika kwa masentimita 46 mpaka 90, kulemera kwake kumayambira 2.5 mpaka 4.5 kg. Mchira wa nyama yonse ndi yoyera, ndipo pathupi lake lakuda, palinso mikwingwirima yoyera kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumchira, koma mulibe choyera pammphuno.
Sunda Kununkha Badger yomwe imadziwikanso kuti teledu, ndiyamtundu wa skunk wa mbira zonunkha, zomwe mpaka 1997 zidakhala ngati weasel. Mbira yakununkha imafanana mofanana ndi mbira wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi kuchokera pa 37 mpaka 52 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kwa 1.3 mpaka 3.6 kg. Nyamayo imakhala ndi mchira waufupi kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita anayi m'litali, ubweya wake uli wautali ndithu. Thupi lolamulira kwambiri ndi lakuda, lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kumbuyo.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za ndege yotulutsa komanso fungo la kanyimbi. Tiyeni tiwone kumene nyama yachilendo imeneyi imakhala.
Kodi skunk amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Skunk m'chilengedwe
Pafupifupi zimbudzi zonse zimakhala m'dera la New World. Zinyalala zamizeremizere zafalikira kudera lonse la North America, ndikuphimba madera akumwera kwa Canada mpaka kumpoto kwa dziko la Mexico. Ponena za United States, zibwibwi izi zimapezeka kumeneko pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula ku Hawaii ndi Alaska.
Zinyalala za nkhumba (zamphongo za nkhumba) ndizowoneka bwino kumadera akutali kuchokera kumwera kwa America kupita ku madera aku Argentina. Zinyalala zowoneka bwino zimapezeka m'maiko a Pennsylvania ndi British Columbia, mpaka ku Costa Rica. Kunja kwa malire a America, kumangokhala mbalame zonunkhira zokha, asankha zilumba zaku Indonesia.
Kuphatikiza pa mayiko omwe atchulidwa kale, zibangili zimapezeka m'malo awa:
- El Salvador;
- Guatemala;
- Bolivia;
- Nicaragua;
- Chile;
- Paraguay;
- Belize;
- Peru.
Zinyalala zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma koposa zonse zimakopeka ndi malo athyathyathya pafupi ndi magwero amadzi. Nyongolotsi zovekedwa ndi ubweya zimakhazikikanso m'malo otsetsereka amiyala, nthawi zambiri osaposa 2 km pamwamba pamadzi, ngakhale zitsanzo zimawoneka zikukwera mpaka pafupifupi 4 km. Nyamazo sizidutsanso nkhalango, koma sizimakonda nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, zimakonda nkhalango zowala. Zinyalala sizimakondanso madambo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zinyumbu sizimachita manyazi ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mizinda ndi midzi ina, komwe zimangokhalira kufunafuna chakudya m'malo otayilamo fumbi komanso ma urns.
Kodi kanyimbi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Striped Skunk
Zinyumbu, mosakayikira, zitha kutchedwa omnivores, mndandanda wawo umaphatikizapo chakudya cha nyama komanso zomera zosiyanasiyana. Musaiwale kuti nyama zimadya nyama.
Zinyalala zimakonda kudya:
- mapuloteni;
- kalulu wachinyamata;
- zikopa;
- mbewa;
- njoka;
- mitundu ina ya nsomba;
- nkhanu;
- abuluzi;
- nyongolotsi;
- ziwala;
- mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
- mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye awo.
Nyamazo zimadya mosangalala pamasamba ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, chimanga, masamba, masamba obiriwira, ndi mtedza. Kanyimbi ndi zovunda sizinyansitsa. Monga tanenera kale, akunyonyo omwe amakhala m'midzi ya anthu amadya zinyalala m'malo otaya zinyalala ndi zidebe.
Zinyalala zimayamba kusaka nthawi yamadzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito makutu awo akumva komanso kununkhiza. Atawona nyama yawo, buluzi, amakumba nthaka, amakankha miyala, amasangalatsa masamba omwe agwa ndi mphuno kuti akafike. Ziswankhono zimagwira makoswe ndi mano, zonsezi zimachitika polumpha. Ngati wovulalayo ali ndi khungu lolimba kwambiri kapena ali ndi minga, ndiye kuti nyama zanzeru zimaziponya pansi. Zinsomba zolanda anthu zimaonedwa kuti ndi zazikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa zinzake zakutchire. zakudya zawo zimadzaza ndi mafuta.
Zosangalatsa: Zinyumbu zili ndi dzino lokoma, zimangokonda uchi, kumadya limodzi ndi zisa ndi njuchi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: American Skunk
Zinyalala zimagwira ntchito madzulo komanso usiku, kenako zimatuluka m'makona awo kukafuna chakudya. Amadziwa kukumba bwino, koma amayesa kutenga mabowo a anthu ena kuti akhale ndi moyo. Mitundu ina ya skunk imakwera bwino ndi nduwira zamitengo, koma nyama zambiri sizimatha kukwera mitengo, ndipo zikopa zonse zimasambira bwino.
Nyamazo, zolembetsedwa kumadera akumpoto, zimayamba kusunga mafuta kugwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugonjetsa, ngakhale kuti kubisala sikumakhala kotheka kwa iwo, koma nyamazo zimangokhala zopanda pake m'nyengo yozizira, osasiya malo awo mpaka masiku ofunda. Amabisala m'mabowo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amaphatikiza yamphongo imodzi ndi akazi angapo.
Kutuluka m'nyengo yozizira, akunyumba amakonda kukhala payekha. Madera azinyama izi si achilendo, samayika zipsera m'malire amalo okhala. Malo odyetsera azimayi amatha kukhala ndi makilomita awiri kapena anayi, ndipo kwa amuna amatha kufikira makumi awiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mosiyana ndi kununkhira komanso kumva, chilengedwe sichinapatse zokopa ndi maso akuthwa, chifukwa chake samatha kusiyanitsa chilichonse choposa mamitala atatuwo.
Ngati tikulankhula za mawonekedwe a skunk, ndiye kuti ndi ololera, amatha kusamalidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitika m'maiko monga Great Britain, Italy, USA, Germany, Netherlands. Nthawi zambiri, ma skunks amizere amakhala ziweto, zomwe zimatulutsa timatumbo ta fetid. Eni nyama zosowa amatsimikizira kuti makoko amasangalala kulumikizana ndipo ndi abwino kusunganso nyumba, kukhala mabwenzi enieni.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Skunk
Zinyalala zimakhwima pakadutsa chaka chimodzi, ndipo nyengo yawo yaukwati imayamba mwezi woyamba wa masika kapena kale mu February ndipo imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Munthawi yovutayi, amuna amatha kukhala achiwawa komanso olimbana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo kuti akhale ndi skunk wamkazi. Zinyalala zingatchedwe mitala; wamwamuna m'modzi amakhala ndi akazi angapo oti akwerere nthawi imodzi. Wamwamuna amatenga nawo mbali kokha mu umuna, samawonekeranso m'moyo wa ana ake.
Nthawi ya bere imatenga mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri. Mkazi amabereka ana atatu kapena khumi, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala asanu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi. Unyinji wa makanda uli pafupifupi magalamu 23, pakubadwa amakhala akhungu komanso ogontha, khungu lawo limafanana ndi velvet wokhala ndi mtundu wofanana ndi wachibale wokhwima.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa ma skunks, chodabwitsa chotere chimakhala ngati kupindika kwa mazira (kuchepa kwa mazira). Ndi pamenepa kuti mimba imatenga miyezi ingapo.
Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zakubadwa, ana agalu amadzimadzi amatha kuwona, ndipo atatsala pang'ono kufika mwezi amakhala atatha kale kudzitchinjiriza. Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chawo cha fetid ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Amayi amachitira ana pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Amayamba kuzolowera kudzidyetsa miyezi iwiri. Nyengo yoyamba yozizira imachitika mu khola la amayi, ndipo chaka chamawa, makoko achichepere adzayenera kupeza pobisalira. M'mikhalidwe yovuta yakuthengo, akunyinyu amakhala zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zokha, ndipo ali mu ukapolo atha kukhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Nyama zambiri zazing'ono zimamwalira mchaka choyamba chamoyo. Pali umboni kuti anthu khumi mwa anthu zana okha ndi omwe angathe kuthana ndi nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
Adani achilengedwe a kanyimbi
Chithunzi: Zinyalala Zamizeremizere
Skunk ili ndi chida choopsa champhamvu, koma sichikuwopseza aliyense, chifukwa chake ilinso ndi adani mwachilengedwe, ngakhale pang'ono.
Ena mwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo ndi awa:
- nkhandwe;
- mimbulu;
- pum;
- mbira;
- zimbalangondo;
- Lynx waku America;
- Zowononga nthenga (kadzidzi).
Skunk ya fluffy sikophweka ndipo yakhala ndi njira yodzitetezera kwanthawi yayitali. Poyamba, nyamayo imabereka chenjezo: imakweza mchira wake, imatenga malo ake omenyera, imaponda pansi ndimapazi ake, imatulutsa mkokomo, imatha kuyimirira pamapazi ake akutsogolo ndikupanga kuwombera konyenga. Kumbali imodzi, amachita mwanzeru, ndikupatsa mdani mpata wobwerera osasamba. Ngati mdani ali wamakani ndipo akupitilizabe kuukira, kanyimbi amatembenuka kuchoka pachiwopsezo kupita kubizinesi, atayimirira miyendo yakutsogolo, akupinda msana ndikupanga ndege yowombera bwino. Zinthu zonunkhira za mafuta zimakwiyitsa kwambiri mdani wake, nthawi zina zimachititsa khungu kwakanthawi.
Zosangalatsa: Mankhwala otchedwa butyl mercaptan amapezeka m'matenda ophatikizana, anal, skunk omwe amazungulira minofu, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ndikuwombera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Gawo lapansi lonunkhira bwino ndikwanira kuwombera 5 kapena 6, chinsinsi chonse chonunkhira chimapezanso patatha masiku awiri.
Inde, nyama zolusa zambiri, zitakumana ndi mtsinje wa kanyimbi kamodzi, sizibweranso kwa nyamayi, pokumbukira ndi mitundu yake yowala. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti mbalame zimapulumutsidwa makamaka chifukwa cha kununkhira kwawo, motero zimapitilizabe kumenyera zikopa. Munthu amene amawononga nyama chifukwa cha kununkha amathanso kuwerengedwa ngati adani a kanyimbi. Zinyonyo nthawi zambiri zimavutika ndi zilombo zolusa zisa. Anthu amapha nyama chifukwa Skunks nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi chiwewe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Little Skunk
Zinyumbu zakhazikika ku America konse, zodzaza ndi mitundu yambiri. Musaiwale za mbira zonunkhira zomwe zimakhala ku Indonesia. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa skunk. Choyamba, awa ndi anthu omwe amapha zibwibwi dala chifukwa chonunkha kwambiri komanso kudwala chiwewe. Nthawi zina zinsomba zimasakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo, womwe umakhala wamtengo wapatali, koma osagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa fungo lake loipa limakhala lovuta kuchotsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala losatheka.
Munthu amawononga zokopa ndi mwanjira zina, ndikuzichotsa m'malo awo okhala ndikuchita zolimba. Nyama zambiri zimafa m'misewu ikuluikulu. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana (histoplasmosis, chiwewe), chifukwa chomwe amavutikira. Musaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwakufa kwambiri kumatha kutsatiridwa pakati pa nyama zazing'ono, zomwe ndi magawo khumi okha mwa omwe amapulumuka mchaka choyamba cha moyo.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale pali zinthu zoyipa zonse, zonunkhira zidachulukabe, sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha, ndipo nyamazo sizikusowa njira zapadera zodzitetezera, zomwe sizingasangalatse. Zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuchitika chifukwa nyama zosangalatsa izi ndizodzisankhira posankha chakudya ndipo zimatha kukhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza akumatauni. Osapeputsa mphamvu ya zida zawo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri yochokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe amadana nawo.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi kanyimbi imabweretsa anthu phindu lalikulu, kudya makoswe osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo tosasangalatsa. Komabe, amawoneka wokongola kwambiri, wachisangalalo komanso wolimba mu chovala chake chakuda ndi choyera, ndipo mchira wofewa, ngati fani, umangowonjezera kukongola ndi kukongola. Chinthu chachikulu sichikuwopsyeza kapena kusokoneza pulogalamuyi, kuti fungo lokhazika mtima pansi lisayambe kuchitapo kanthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/24/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 ku 19:46
