Mbalame yamizeremizere, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti American raccoon (Procyon lotor), ndi nyama yodya nyama ya Raccoon genus ndi banja la Raccoon. Nyama imatha kuchita bwino pamene mphamvu ya anthropogenic ikukula, yomwe imawonetsedwa pakulima pang'onopang'ono koma kolimba.
Kufotokozera kwa ma raccoon amizere
Ma raccoons amizeremizere kukula kwa mphaka wamba wamba... Nyama yayikulu imakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 45-60 cm, ndi mchira wosaposa kotala la mita ndikulemera kwa 5-9 kg. Zala zazifupi zakula kwambiri komanso zala zopangidwa bwino, chifukwa chake mikwingwirima ya raccoon imafanana kwambiri ndikusindikiza kwa kanjedza kwamunthu. Mbira yamphongo imatha kugwira ndikugwira bwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, komanso kutsuka chakudya. Ubweya wa nyama yoyamwitsa ndi wonenepa, wamtundu wofiirira.
Maonekedwe
Thupi la raccoon wamkulu limakhala lolimba, lili ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso mchira wobiriwira kwambiri. Pamphuno ya nthumwi za mtundu wa Raccoons ndi banja la Raccoons pali mawonekedwe a chigoba chakuda chokhala ndi nthiti yoyera, ndi mzere wakuda womwe umayambira kuchokera kutsogolo mpaka mphuno. Pali malo amdima pakati pa maso, ndipo mphete zakuda zimazungulira mchira wa nyamayo. Makutu ali ndi mawonekedwe osongoka.
Ma Raccoon amasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yolinganizidwa bwino kwambiri. Chinyama chimayenda ndi miyendo inayi, ndipo kutsogolo kwake kumakonzedwa kotero kuti chinyama sichimangogwira zinthu kapena kutsuka chakudya, komanso kusamba nawo mosavuta. Ma Raccoon amadya atakhala pa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikugwira chakudya m'miyendo yawo yakutsogolo. Chifukwa cha zala zazitali zokwanira komanso zopatsa chidwi kwambiri, nyama zotere zimatha kudzipezera chakudya ngakhale m'madzi amatope.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa nyama zolusa izi kumatha kupezeka ngakhale kwa Christopher Columbus, ndipo kuyambira nthawi zakale zakhala zikukambirana mwakhama za asayansi zakupezeka kwa nyama yamtundu wina.
Poyenda, ma raccoon amadalira zala zokha, ndipo kutsindika kwa phazi lonse kumachitika pokhapokha nyama yonyansayi itayima pamalo amodzi. Mapazi a raccoon adakonzedwa mwanjira yapadera kwambiri ndipo amatha kutembenuza 180za... Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti nyama yakutchire imatha kukwera mitengo mpaka kutalika kwake, komanso imadziwa kutsika kuchokera kubzalalo mozondoka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma raccoon onse amizeremizere amakonda kudya, motero nyama zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku. Masana, nyama yakutchire imakonda kubisala mkati mwa kabowo kapena pamalo ena alionse, ndipo ikayamba kulowa imayamba kusaka. Woimira aliyense wamtundu wa Raccoon ndi banja la Raccoon amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa gawo lawo, malo omwe, monga lamulo, samapitilira kilomita imodzi ndi theka kapena awiri. Pafupi ndi malowa, nyamayo imadzipangira malo angapo odalirika nthawi imodzi, omwe samakhalamo ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu.
Nthawi zina pamakhala mphambano ya malire a malire a oimira osiyanasiyana amtunduwu, omwe amatha kuyambitsa mpikisano pakati pa nyama kuti athe "kuwongolera" gawo lomwe latsutsanalo. Poyambira nyengo yozizira, nkhandwe yamizeremizere yomwe imakhala kumadera akumpoto imagwera muubisalira, womwe ndi kusiyana pakati pa mdani uyu ndi ena am'banja.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati pogona lokonzedwa ndi nkhandwe yamizeremizere yozizira ndichachikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti pakayamba nyengo yozizira, mpaka anthu khumi atha kubisalamo nthawi yomweyo.
Kutalika kwathunthu kwa mphira wamagazi ndi miyezi inayi kapena isanu, koma kugona kwa chinyama chokha sikokwanira, chifukwa chake, zofunikira zonse panthawiyi sizichedwa kuchepa, ndipo ziwonetsero za kutentha kwa thupi zimakhalabe pamlingo womwewo. Pamasiku ofunda, nyama yodya nyama imatha kuchoka pogona kwa maola angapo kuti iyende pang'ono. Pofika nyengo yozizira, ma raccoon samagwiranso ntchito.
Kodi nkhandwe yamizeremizere imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Monga lamulo, ma raccoons okhala ndi mizere amakhala m'malo achilengedwe osapitilira zaka zisanu, koma malinga ndi malamulo akusunga nyumba, chiyembekezo chamoyo cha nyama zotere mu ukapolo ndi pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.
Zoyipa zakugonana
M'miyala yamiyala, mawonekedwe azakugonana sanatchulidwe, koma m'ma subspecies ena amawonekerabe, chifukwa chake, akazi achikulire amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna.
Mitundu yama raccoon amizere
Pakadali pano pali timasamba makumi awiri mphambu awiri a nkhandwe (Prosyon lotor), kuphatikiza oimira angapo azilumba zam'mapiri. Masiku ano chimodzi mwazomwe zatha izi zatha. Ma subspecies omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi Tresmarian raccoon ndi Bahamas raccoon. Tresmarias raccoon (Procyon lotor insularis). Wodya nyama amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira kuyambira 85-90 cm.
Chovala cha oimira subspecies chatha komanso chachifupi. Mbali yamimba ya nyama ili ndi ubweya wofiirira wokhala ndi chovala chamkati chopepuka. Mbali yapadera ndi chigaza cha angular. Mbalame ya Bahamian (Procyon lotor maynardi). Nyama yodya nyama yomwe imawoneka yosasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi ma subspecies aku Continental a nkhandwe yamizeremizere. Nyama ndi yaying'ono, chomwe ndi chitsanzo chowoneka bwino chazithunzi zochepa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ubweya wopangidwa bwino bwino komanso khungu lolimba kwambiri limapereka chiweto ku chitetezo chathunthu ku kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Kutalika kwa thupi lokhala ndi mutu ndi masentimita 41.5-60.0 ndi mchira wosapitirira masentimita 20.0-40.5. Mwamuna wamkulu nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kuposa wamkazi. Mtundu wa khungu umakhala wotuwa, wokhala ndi utoto pang'ono pakhosi komanso kutsogolo kwa thupi. Nthawi zina pamakhala pafupifupi anthu akuda kwathunthu. Pa mchira wa chilombocho, pali mphete zamitundu isanu kapena khumi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mzere wa raccoon uli m'gulu la nzika zaku North ndi Central America. Ndi kuchokera kumalo awa komwe nyama idabweretsedwa kudera la Europe komanso kumayiko ena aku Asia. Pakadali pano, mitundu ya raccoon ndiyodziwika bwino m'maiko osiyanasiyana, yoyimiriridwa ndi Azerbaijan, Belarus, Germany ndi France, komanso Netherlands. M'madera ena ku Russia ndizotheka kukumana ndi ma raccoon, koma nthawi zambiri nyama yodya nyama imapezeka ku Far East..
Oimira mitundu ina amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango kapena m'malo osakanikirana, makamaka m'malo athyathyathya kapena m'zigwa. Pafupi ndi malo, nthawi zonse pali dziwe, lomwe limatha kukhala mtsinje, chithaphwi kapena nyanja, komanso mtsinje. Ma raccoon okhala ndi madera okhala kumwera ali ndi kuthekera kokonzekeretsa nyumba zawo pagombe.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'madera ambiri ku North America, alimi ambiri amakakamizidwa kumenya nkhondo zenizeni ndi ma raccoon, chifukwa nyama zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakonda kulowa m'minda yamaluwa kapena nyumba za nkhuku.
Nyama yolusa yamtchire saopa anthu, chifukwa chake imatha kukhazikika ngakhale patali kwambiri kuchokera kumizinda kapena midzi yamudzi. Komanso, ma raccoon amizeremizere nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapaki ndi mizinda yayikulu, m'malo obzala kunja ndi m'minda yamaluwa.
Zakudya zopangira ma raccoon
Kusaka kwakukulu kwa nyama yamphepete mwachikwama nthawi zambiri kumazungulira magwero achilengedwe amadzi. Oimira mtundu wa Raccoons ndi banja la Raccoon njira zowedza, komanso nyamakazi ndi achule, mitundu ina ya akamba am'madzi. Atatsitsa phazi lake m'madzi, anyaniwa nthawi yomweyo amakoka nsomba kapena chule posambira. Komanso ma raccoon amangokonda ma hamsters ndi mazira akamba, makoswe amisempha ndi ma muskrats. Pakusaka m'nkhalango, nyama imakonda kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo, mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ma minworms, zipatso ndi zipatso, mtedza ndi mazira a mbalame kuti adye.
M'madera ena, chinyama chimatha kuwononga zinthu, ndikupangitsa kuti malo abwinobwino komanso otakasuka azikhala m'malo omwe nkhuku zimafalikira komanso zodyeramo nkhuku zapadera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuwona kwa ma raccoons amizere kumapangidwa bwino kwambiri, komwe kumathandiza nyama zolusa izi kuwona bwino ngakhale mumdima. Kumva nyama yotere sikumayambitsidwa kuposa masomphenya, yomwe imalola kuti mtundu wamizeremizere udziwike ngati nyama yolusa.
Achifwamba, pokhala nyama zolusa, samadandaula nthawi zina kudya akalulu, komanso agologolo ndi nkhono. Komabe, zakudya wamba za mamembala amtundu wa Raccoons ndi banja la Raccoon zimaphatikizaponso zipatso zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza yamatcheri, gooseberries ndi mphesa, masamba ndi tirigu, ndi zakudya zina zamasamba. M'miyezi ya chilimwe komanso nthawi yophukira, nkhandwe imayesetsa kupeza mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti nyamayo ipumule bwino nthawi yayitali.
Kubereka ndi ana
M'madera akumadera akumpoto, nyengo yoswana ya mphalapala yamizeremizere imagwa kuyambira Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi, ndipo kumwera chakumtunda, zinyama zoterezi zimatha kuswana chaka chonse. Nthawi imeneyi, yaimuna yamphongo ndi yaikazi yambiri. Komabe, mkazi wachikulire ali ndi wosankhidwa m'modzi yekha, yemwe samusiya posachedwa, osachita nawo gawo pakulera ana ake.
Ana a Raccoon amabadwa pafupifupi milungu khumi mkati mwabowo lokonzekera bwino... Mu zinyalala, mwana m'modzi mpaka asanu ndi awiri wopanda mano ndi wakhungu amabadwa nthawi zambiri, ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso lofiirira. Mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yakuda pamutu ndi kumchira imawonekera pambuyo pa tsiku lakhumi la moyo. Maso a ana amatseguka pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mukasungidwa, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ma raccoon achimuna amtundu uliwonse amakhala amitala, chifukwa chake amakwatirana ndi akazi angapo nthawi imodzi, ndipo akazi amakhala mgulu la nyama zokhala ndi akazi okhaokha, motero zimangokwatirana ndi yamphongo imodzi.
Mkazi amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka kwa miyezi itatu, ndipo ana azaka zisanu ali kale odziyimira pawokha. Nthawi zambiri, ana onse amakhala ndi amayi awo kufikira nthawi yozizira, koma achinyamata ena amatha kukhala ndi akazi mpaka nthawi yotsatira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti akazi achichepere ena amakhala ndi amayi kale azaka chimodzi, ndipo amuna amayamba kubereka pambuyo pake.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma raccoon amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amawopsezedwa ndi mimbulu ndi mphalapala, zimbalangondo ndi amphaka, komanso agalu ndi nthenga zina, kuphatikiza akadzidzi. Achichepere kwambiri nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi njoka zazikulu ndi mbalame zodya. Ku Ciscaucasia, kuchuluka kwa ma raccoon kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi nkhandwe wamba.
Njira yachiwiri yakufa kwa omwe akuyimira mtundu wa Raccoons ndi banja la a Raccoon ndi matenda owopsa, kuphatikiza chiwewe ndi matenda a canine. Kudera lakumwera komanso kum'mwera kwa Atlantic ku America, anthu masauzande angapo amafa ndi matenda oopsa kapena owopsa chaka chilichonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndizosangalatsa kuti kudera la mayiko ena zomwe zimatchedwa masewera a raccoon ndizodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa chake, anthu opitilira mamiliyoni awiri amawomberedwa mchaka.
M'madera okhala m'tawuni, agalu akulu amawerengedwa kuti ndi adani osasunthika amitundu yonse. Komabe, ngakhale nyama yayikulu komanso yamphamvu yokwanira itha kuthamangitsa mdani wotereyu, ndipo zida zazikulu za anyaniwa ndi mano olimba komanso zikhadabo zopangidwa bwino. Ngakhale pali zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, ma raccoon pano akukwanitsa kukhalabe ndi anthu ambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kuyambira 1996, ma raccoon aku Tresmarian adawopsezedwa kuti atha, ndipo kuthengo, kuchuluka kwa achikulire kumakhalabe konyalanyaza. Chiwombankhanga chotere chinali nkhani yosaka mwakhama anthu okhala pachilumbachi, ndipo kusowa kwa zochita zomwe cholinga chake ndikuteteza mtundu uwu ndi mitundu yaying'ono, anthu amtundu wa Tresmarias, mwina, sadzakhala ochulukirapo.
Ma subspecies aku Bahamian raccoon amadziwika kuti ali pachiwopsezo ndi IUCN chifukwa cha anthu ochepa. Izi zachitika chifukwa chochepetsa kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa oimira subspecies, komanso kusowa kwa magwiridwe antchito omwe cholinga chake ndikusunga kuchuluka konse.
