Gwape wobadwira - osathamanga komanso achisomo, chifukwa chake, muzikhalidwe zambiri zadziko lapansi, zimaimira kudzipereka, kukhala wekha komanso kukongola kwachilengedwe. Makhalidwe amenewa amadziwika ndi mitundu yonse yazinyama, zomwe zilipo zoposa khumi ndi theka. Amadziwikanso ndi kupezeka kwa nyanga zamphongo mwa amuna komanso utoto wonyezimira.
Zolemba za Sika ndi malo okhala
Gwape wa Red sika Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyama za taiga, chifukwa amakonda kubisala munkhalango yowirira ya nkhalango zowirira. Komabe, subspecies iliyonse ili ndi zofunikira zake pazachilengedwe.
Ma maral, omwe amapezeka m'mapiri a Sayan, amasankha madera akutali a nkhalango, omwe amasunthira bwino kudera lamapiri a Alpine. Gwape wofiira amakonda nkhalango za oak, ndipo nyama za Bukhara amakonda nkhalango zam'mitsinje ndi zitsamba zowirira zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Nyama zam'mapiri zimasankha malo otsetsereka akumpoto nthawi yotentha, komanso kumwera nthawi yachisanu. Ku Far East, mphalapala za sika zimapezeka pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja, komwe zimadya udzu wam'madzi ndi mchere.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama izi zimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira wokhala ndi zoyera zoyera, koma pofika nthawi yozizira malaya amafota pang'onopang'ono, ndikupeza mdima wakuda. Ali ndi mane, wautali, wandiweyani pakhosi pawo, komanso malo oyera oyera mchira, zomwe zimawathandiza kumamatirana m'nkhalango yowirira. Usiku, kunyezimira kwa maso kumakhala ngati cholozera cha wina ndi mnzake, komwe kumawala mumdima ndi magetsi akuda a lalanje.
Subpecies a awa osatulutsa amasiyana kwambiri kukula. Zitsanzo zazikulu za wapiti ndi nswala zofiira zimatha kutalika mamita 2.5 ndi kulemera mpaka 300 kilograms, ndipo nswala yaing'ono ya Bukhara imakhala yocheperako katatu komanso thupi locheperako - kuyambira 75 mpaka 90 masentimita.
Mawonekedwe anyanga nawonso ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, agwape aku Europe amadziwika ndi zowonjezera zambiri, ndipo agwape ofiirawo ali ndi nyanga yayikulu, yama nthambi yopanda korona. Kukula kwa gawo lokhala ndi nswala za sika zimatengera mtundu wa chakudya. Ndikukula kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kwa dera lomwe akukhalalo kumachepa.
Malire a ziweto zawo, omwe amafika pa ma kilomita angapo, amadziwika ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi achikulire mosamala kwambiri, kuthamangitsa alendo omwe asochera.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mbawala zakutchire - wamseri, wamanyazi, wodekha komanso wosamala kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kukumana naye m'nkhalango zamitengo, chifukwa amatha kumva kununkhira kwa munthu kapena nyama zolusa patali. Kumva bwino komanso kumva kununkhira bwino kumamuthandiza pa izi.
Pali adani ambiri mu sika deer. Pafupi ndi dzenjelo, amatha kuwapeza ndikuwazungulira ndi mimbulu yochenjera. Amasakidwa ndi akambuku othamanga, akambuku komanso nthawi zina zimbalangondo.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimaukiridwa ndi Ussuri yellow martens (kharza) ndi lynxes. Zimakhala zovuta makamaka kwa agwape m'nyengo yozizira, pakagwa chipale chofewa, komanso masika chifukwa chofooka kwa thupi.
Komabe, nyamazi sizingatchulidwe mosavuta. Amathamanga mwachangu panthawi yomwe akufuna ndipo amatha kuthamangira kusambira ngati njira yobwererera pamtunda ndiyotsekedwa ndi adani.
Zikatero sika agwape akudumphadumpha kulowa m'madzi ndikusunthira mwachangu gombe. Ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuthana ndi mtunda wamakilomita angapo. Pothamanga, kutalika kwa kulumphira kwa nyama ziboda kumafika mamita 2.5, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 8.
Sika deer amakhala atakhazikika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale nthawi zina pazifukwa zachitetezo amatha kulumikizana m'magulu akulu. Amadyetsa makamaka usiku kuti achepetse kugwidwa ndi adani.
Chakudya
Gwape wobadwira - herbivore nyama. Amadyetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, komanso mtedza, nyemba, zipatso zamchere, zipatso, zipatso, mabokosi. Ungulates amakhala osadzichepetsa m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe amayenera kupeza masamba ouma, singano, makungwa a mitengo pansi pa chisanu.
Pofuna kudyetsa matupi awo ndi michere, amanyambita mchere ndikulumata nthaka yolemera mchere. M'nyengo yozizira, mphalapala zimafunikira chakudya chochulukirapo, choncho m'nkhalango, osaka nyama amawapatsa chakudya china chowonjezera.
Kubereketsa ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa nswala za sika
Mphutsi za nswala za sika zimayamba kugwa. Mkokomo wamphamvu wamphongo, womwe umasonkhanitsa akazi awiri mpaka 20 owazungulira, umamveka kwa mwezi umodzi. Nthawi zina pakhoza kukhala ndewu pakati pa omwe akupikisana nawo pampikisano. Kenako zimawombana ndi nyanga mwamphamvu kotero kuti mawuwo amveka mkati mwa utali wa mamita mazana angapo.
Mkazi amabweretsa woyamba kubadwa ali ndi zaka 2-3, kubala ana kwa miyezi 7.5. Monga lamulo, amabereka mwana m'modzi, yemwe, atabadwa masiku khumi, amakhala mwakachetechete muudzu.
Mayi amadyetsa pafupi, ndikusokoneza nyama zolusa kuchokera ku nswala zofooka. M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, akadali wofooka ndipo amafunika kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi. Kenako amasintha ndikubzala zakudya, ngakhale akupitilizabe kulandira mkaka wa m'mawere kwa chaka chimodzi pang'ono.
Pafupifupi miyezi 12 ya moyo, ziphuphu zimayamba kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono pamphumi la amuna, zomwe pamapeto pake zimasanduka nyanga zamphamvu. Komabe osasunthika Zinyama za sika ali ndi mankhwala osowa kwambiri, omwe adatsogolera kuwonongedwa kwa nyama izi.
Mazira, michira, magazi, mitsempha, zikopa ndi nyama za osatulutsidwa ndizofunikanso, chifukwa chake kusaka kwaunyinji kwatsogolera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 nswala zamphesa zinasowa kwambiri ndipo zidaphatikizidwa "Buku Lofiira" monga nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Zinthu zidapulumutsidwanso potsegulidwa kwa minda yapadera ya mphalapala yomwe imapereka zida zopangira mankhwala. Koma anthu Ussuri sika nswala sichinabwezeretsedwe kwathunthu. Malo ake okhala ndi ochepa kwambiri mpaka pano.
Amuna amakhetsa nyanga zawo chaka chilichonse pafupi ndi masika. Zinyama zoyambirira sizodabwitsa, koma nthawi yonseyi, mpaka zaka 10-12, njira zambiri zimawonekera.
Atafika pachimake, nyamazi zimafooka pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, kulimba mtima ndi kukongola kwa nyanga zawo zotayika kwatayika. Kumtchire, nyamazi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wazaka zopitilira chimodzi ndi theka, koma azaka 20 amapezekanso m'minda ndi m'malo osungidwa.
