Njovu Ndi imodzi mwazinyama zodabwitsa kwambiri. Sangodziwa zambiri zokha, amathanso kukhala achisoni, kuda nkhawa, kunyong'onyeka ngakhale kuseka.
Pakakhala zovuta, nthawi zonse amathandiza abale awo. Njovu zili ndi luso loimba komanso kujambula.
Zolemba ndi malo okhala njovu
Zaka mamiliyoni awiri zapitazo, nthawi ya Pleistocene, mammoth ndi ma mastoni adafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya njovu: African and Indian.
Amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, ndizolakwika. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi namgumi wabuluu kapena wabuluu, yachiwiri ndi sperm whale, ndipo yachitatu yokha ndi njovu yaku Africa.
Iye alidi wamkulu kuposa nyama zonse zapansi. Nyama yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa njovu ndi mvuu.
Ikamafota, njovu zaku Africa zimatha mamita 4 ndikulemera matani 7.5. njovu imalemera pang'ono pokha - mpaka 5t, kutalika kwake - 3m. Nyama yayikuluyi ndi ya anyani omwe sanatheretu. Njovu ndi nyama yopatulika ku India ndi Thailand.
Chithunzi ndi njovu yaku India
Malinga ndi nthano, amayi a Buddha adalota Njovu yoyera ndi lotus, yomwe inaneneratu za kubadwa kwa mwana wodabwitsa. Njovu yoyera ndi chizindikiro cha Chibuda komanso mawonekedwe achuma chauzimu. Njovu ya albino ikabadwira ku Thailand, ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, Mfumu ya boma imamutenga.
Izi ndizinyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ku Africa ndi Southeast Asia. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo a savana ndi nkhalango zotentha. Ndikosatheka kukumana nawo m'zipululu zokha.
Njovu njovu, yomwe ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha zikopa zake zazikulu. Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito kupeza chakudya, kukonza msewu, kuti adziwe gawo. Ming'oma imakula mosalekeza, mwa akulu, kukula kumatha kufikira 18 masentimita pachaka, achikulire ali ndi mitu yayikulu pafupifupi 3 mita.
Mano nthawi zonse amapera, amagwa ndipo ena amakula m'malo mwawo (amasintha kasanu m'moyo wonse). Mtengo wa minyanga ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake nyama zikuwonongeka nthawi zonse.
Ndipo ngakhale nyamazo ndizotetezedwa ndipo ngakhale zidatchulidwa mu International Red Book, padakali opha nyama anzawo omwe ali okonzeka kupha nyama yokongolayi kuti ichite phindu.
Ndizosowa kwambiri kupeza nyama zokhala ndi minyewa yayikulu, chifukwa pafupifupi zonsezi zinawonongedwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'mayiko ambiri, kupha njovu kuli ndi chilango cha imfa.
Pali nthano yonena za kukhalapo kwa manda achinsinsi pakati pa njovu, pomwe nyama zakale ndi zodwala zimafera, chifukwa ndizosowa kwambiri kupeza minyanga ya nyama zakufa. Komabe, asayansi adakwanitsa kuthana ndi nthano iyi, kunapezeka kuti nkhuku zimadyera mano, zomwe zimakwaniritsa njala yawo.
Njovu ndi mtundu wina wa nyama, yomwe ili ndi chiwalo china chosangalatsa - thunthu, kutalika kwake mamita asanu ndi awiri. Zimapangidwa kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba ndi mphuno. Thunthu limakhala ndi minofu pafupifupi 100,000. Chiwalo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupumira, kumwa komanso kupanga mawu. Amasewera gawo lofunikira mukamadya, ngati mtundu wa mkono wosinthasintha.
Kuti igwire zinthu zazing'ono, njovu ya ku India imagwiritsa ntchito kamphindi kakang'ono kake kokhala ngati chala. Woimira ku Africa ali ndi awiri. Thunthu lake limagwirira ntchito udzuwo ndi kuthyola mitengo ikuluikulu. Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, nyama zimatha kusamba kuchokera m'madzi akuda.
Izi sizosangalatsa nyama zokha, komanso zimateteza khungu ku tizilombo tosasangalatsa (dothi limauma ndikupanga kanema woteteza). Njovu ndi gulu la nyamaomwe ali ndi makutu akulu kwambiri. Njovu zaku Africa ndizokulirapo kuposa njovu zaku Asia. Makutu anyama si chiwalo chongomvera.
Popeza njovu zilibe minyewa yolimba, sizimatuluka thukuta. Ma capillaries ambiri olowa m'makutu amakula nthawi yotentha ndikutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu m'mlengalenga. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwalo ichi chimatha kuyatsidwa ngati fan.
Njovu - chinthu chokha nyamakaziamene sangadumphe ndi kuthamanga. Amatha kungoyenda kapena kuyenda mwachangu, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuthamanga. Ngakhale kuti ndi yolemetsa, khungu lakuda (pafupifupi masentimita atatu) ndi mafupa akuluakulu, njovu imayenda mwakachetechete kwambiri.
Chomwe chimachitika ndikuti mapadi a phazi la nyamayo amakhala otakasuka ndipo amakula pamene katundu akuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiweto chake chizikhala chete. Mapadi omwewo amathandiza njovu kuyenda mozungulira madambo. Poyamba, njovu ndi nyama yosakhazikika, koma imatha kuthamanga mpaka 30 km pa ola limodzi.
Njovu zimatha kuwona bwino, koma zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yawo ya kununkhiza, kukhudza komanso kumva zambiri. Nsidze zazitali zimapangidwa kuti zisatuluke m'fumbi. Pokhala osambira abwino, nyamazo zimatha kusambira mpaka 70 km ndikukhala m'madzi osakhudza pansi kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi.
Phokoso lomwe njovu zimapanga kudzera m'mphako kapena thunthu zimamveka patali makilomita 10.
Mverani mawu a njovu
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa njovu
Njovu zakutchire khalani m'gulu lanyama 15, momwe anthu onse ndi azimayi komanso abale okhaokha. Waukulu m'gululi ndi nsombazi wamkazi. Njovu siyingathe kusungulumwa, ndikofunikira kuti iye azilankhulana ndi abale ake, ali okhulupirika pagulu mpaka kufa.
Mamembala a gululo amathandizana ndikusamalirana, kulera ana ndi chikumbumtima ndikudziteteza ku ngozi ndikuthandizira ofooka am'banjamo. Njovu zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zokhazokha. Amakhala pafupi ndi gulu lina lachikazi, samakonda kupanga ziweto zawo.
Ana amakhala pagulu mpaka zaka 14. Kenako amasankha: kukhala m'gulu, kapena kuti apange zawo. Pomwe munthu wamtundu mnzake wamwalira, nyamayo imakhala yachisoni kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amalemekeza phulusa la abale awo, osapondapo, kuyesera kulikankhira panjira, ngakhale kuzindikira mafupa a abale mwa zotsalira.
Njovu sizimagona maola anayi usana. Nyama njovu zaku Africa kugona nditaimirira. Amagundana pamodzi ndipo amadalirana. Njovu zakale zimaika mitu yawo ikuluikulu pa chitunda kapena mtengo wa chiswe.
Njovu zaku India zimagona pansi. Ubongo wa njovu ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo umakhala wachiwiri pambuyo pa anamgumi. Imalemera pafupifupi 5 kg. Mwa nyama, njovu - mmodzi wa oimira anzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Amatha kudzizindikiritsa pagalasi, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zodzizindikira. Anyani ndi dolphin okha ndi omwe angadzitamande ndi izi. Komanso, ndi anyani okha ndi njovu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida.
Ofufuza apeza kuti njovu yaku India imagwiritsa ntchito nthambi ya mtengo ngati ntchentche. Njovu zimatha kukumbukira bwino kwambiri. Amakumbukira mosavuta malo omwe adakhalapo komanso anthu omwe amalumikizana nawo.
Chakudya
Njovu zimakonda kudya kwambiri. Njovu zimadya maola 16 pa tsiku. Amafunikira makilogalamu 450 azomera zosiyanasiyana tsiku lililonse. Njovu imatha kumwa madzi okwanira malita 100 mpaka 300 patsiku, kutengera nyengo.
Pachithunzicho, njovu zili pachitsime chothirira
Njovu ndizodyera, zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo mizu ndi makungwa a mitengo, udzu, zipatso. Nyama zimadzaza kuchepa kwa mchere mothandizidwa ndi ma lick (mchere womwe wabwera padziko lapansi). Atagwidwa, njovu zimadya udzu ndi udzu.
Sadzasiya maapulo, nthochi, makeke ndi mkate. Kukonda maswiti mopitirira muyeso kumatha kudzetsa mavuto azaumoyo, koma maswiti amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiwo zokoma zokondedwa kwambiri.
Kuchulukitsa njovu ndi nthawi yamoyo
Munthawi, nthawi yokomera njovu sinafotokozeredwe. Komabe, kwadziwika kuti nthawi yamvula, ziweto zimabadwa. Munthawi ya estrus, yomwe imatenga masiku osapitirira awiri, yaikazi ndi mayitanidwe ake imakopa amuna kuti akwere. Pamodzi samangokhala milungu ingapo. Nthawi imeneyi, yaikazi imatha kuchoka pagulu lanyama.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti njovu zazimuna zitha kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kupatula apo, azimayi okwatirana kamodzi kokha pachaka, ndipo mimba yake imatenga nthawi yayitali. Amuna amafunika ogonana nawo pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zibwenzi zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 22, nthawi zambiri mwana mmodzi amabadwa. Kubereka kumachitika pamaso pa ziweto zonse, omwe ali okonzeka kuthandiza ngati kuli kofunikira. Atatha, banja lonse limayamba kuliza lipenga, kufuula ndi kulengeza ndikuwonjezera.
Njovu zazing'ono zimalemera pafupifupi 70 mpaka 113 kg, ndizotalika pafupifupi 90 cm ndipo zilibe mano. Ndi zaka ziwiri zokha pamene amakula timabowo ting'onoting'ono ta mkaka, timene timasinthira azikhalidwe zakubadwa.
Mwana wakhanda wongobadwa kumene amafunika kupitirira malita 10 a mkaka wa m'mawere patsiku. Mpaka zaka ziwiri, ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mwanayo, kuwonjezera apo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mwanayo amayamba kudya mbewu.
Amathanso kudyetsa ndowe za amayi awo kuti ziwathandize kugaya nthambi ndi makungwa a zomera mosavuta. Njovu nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo, omwe amamuteteza komanso kumamuphunzitsa. Ndipo muyenera kuphunzira zambiri: imwani madzi, muziyenda ndi ziweto ndikuwongolera thunthu.
Ntchito ya thunthu ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri, kuphunzitsa kosalekeza, kukweza zinthu, kupeza chakudya ndi madzi, kulonjera achibale ndi zina. Njovu yamayi ndi ziweto zonse zimateteza ana ku zankhandwe ndi mkango.
Nyama zimadzilamulira zili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pa zaka 18, akazi amatha kubereka. Amayi amakhala ndi ana pafupipafupi kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Amuna amakula patatha zaka ziwiri. Kuthengo, chiyembekezo chamoyo cha nyama ndi zaka pafupifupi 70, mu ukapolo - zaka 80. Njovu yakale kwambiri, yomwe idamwalira mu 2003, idakhala ndi zaka 86.
