Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Chikumbu cha Colorado (Dzina lachilatini Leptinotarsa decemlineata) ndi tizilombo tomwe timachokera ku banja la masamba a kachilomboka mu dongosolo la Coleoptera, la mtundu wa arthropods. Mwanjira ina, amatchedwa kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, chifukwa chakudya chake chimakhala ndi nsonga za mbatata ndi masamba ena a nightshade.
Tsambali limakhala ndi thupi lokhazikika, makamaka lalikulu kwa kachilomboka, kamene kali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira (oval), kutalika kwa 10-12 mm komanso pafupifupi 5-7 mm mulifupi. Mapangidwe amtundu wamapiko amtundu wa kachilombo kameneka adapangidwa mwachilengedwe mumayendedwe achikaso ndi lalanje (karoti).
Yatsani Colorado mbatata kachilomboka chithunzi mutha kuwona mikwingwirima yakuda yofananira pamapiko, pali khumi yokha, yomwe ili isanu pamapiko onsewo. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti mawu oti "decemlineata" amapezeka mgulu lachi Latin la kachilomboka, lomwe potanthauzira molunjika limamveka kuti "mizere khumi".
Mapiko a kachilomboka ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a seashell pamwamba pake. Kachilomboka kamauluka bwino ndipo maulendo ataliatali mwaluso amagwiritsa ntchito mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imatha kunyamula makilomita angapo nyengo iliyonse.
Mphutsi za kachilomboka ku Colorado utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira wa mawonekedwe oblong amakhala pafupifupi 14-15 mm kutalika. Popita nthawi, mtundu wa mphutsi umasanduka wachikaso chowala, kenako nkukhala lalanje (karoti) chifukwa chakuchulukana kwa carotene mthupi, lomwe lili m'masamba a mbatata ndipo silimakumbidwa kwathunthu ndi thupi.
Mutu wa mphutsi ndi wakuda, wakuda kwambiri, wokhala ndi mizere iwiri ya madontho akuda m'mbali mwa thupi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la mphutsi ndi kupezeka kwa maso asanu ndi limodzi m'maso mbali zosiyanasiyana za mutu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda mosadukiza.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tinapezeka, kapena kuti tinasankhidwa ndi wasayansi wa ku America Thomas Sayy mu 1824. Kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi Tizilombo ta kachilomboka ku Colorado kuyambira kumpoto kwa America, kapena moyenera, malo omwe kachilomboka kanabadwira titha kuwawona kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico.
Pachithunzicho, mphutsi za kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Colorado mbatata
Idadziwika kuti idadya minda yambiri ya mbatata m'boma la Colorado, USA. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kafadala ka Colorado mbatata adadutsa nyanja zombo zonyamula katundu zomwe zimanyamula masamba kupita ku Europe ndipo kuyambira pamenepo adayamba kufalikira ku kontinenti ya Eurasian.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, zidawonekeranso mu kukula kwa dziko la Ukraine ku Soviet Union, pomwe idafalikira kudera lonse la CIS chamakono. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa zaka za XXI, anthu ake adapezeka m'minda yayikulu ya Far East ku Primorsky Territory, komwe zikuchitikanso kumenyana ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Colorado mbatata.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira pafupi ndi malo omwe kumera kwa nightshade mbewu. Kupatula kuwuluka kwa kafadala wamkulu, tizilombo togwirizana ndi kusowa kwa chakudya chokwanira m'malo akale.
Mphutsi zimakhala ndi magulu azaka zinayi (magawo amakulidwe): mkati mwa magawo awiri oyambilira, mbozi zimangodya masamba ofewa okhawo obiriwira am'madzi a solanaceous, chifukwa chake amakhala pamwamba penipeni pa tsinde, gawo lachitatu ndi lachinayi amabalalika pakati pa chomeracho ndikuyamba kudya masamba amitundu yonse (onse achikulire ndi achikulire), kusiya mitsempha yokhayo yakuthwa.
Atadya chomera chimodzi, amakwawa pang'onopang'ono kupita ku zimayambira ndikuziwononga mwadongosolo, zomwe zimayambitsa Colorado mbatata kachilomboka kuvulaza minda ya mbatata ndi mbewu zina za nightshade zomwe adabzala munthu.
Kukula kwa nyongolotsi kuchokera kwa mluza mpaka munthu wamkulu kumadalira kwambiri chilengedwe chakunja (kutentha kwa dziko lapansi ndi mpweya wozungulira, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mphepo yamkuntho, ndi zina zambiri).
Akafika pachimake chachinayi, nyongolotsiyo imatsikira pansi mwachangu ndikubowola pansi mpaka masentimita khumi kuti ikwanitsidwe, nthawi zambiri sabata yachiwiri kapena lachitatu lakukula.
Kupanga kwa pupa kumachitika mkati mwa masiku 10-15, kutengera momwe zachilengedwe zilili, pambuyo pake kachilomboka kakang'ono kamasankhidwa kumtunda kupitiliza kukhalapo.
Ngati kachilomboka kamapangidwa ndi nthawi yophukira yozizira, ndiye kuti, popanda kutuluka panthaka, imangobisala nyengo yachisanu isanayambike kutentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kachilomboka ka Colorado kakhoza kulowa ngakhale patadutsa zaka zingapo, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuzizira kwadzuwa kapena chilimwe chambiri cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya chokwanira kwa anthu onse.
Zakudya za kachilomboka ku Colorado
Monga zinawonekera kuchokera pazonse tafotokozazi Chikumbu cha Colorado mbatata Ili ndi tsoka lalikulu kumafamu onse ndi wamaluwa wokonda kuchita masewera. Kudya masamba a chomera chimodzi pambuyo pake, tizirombo toyambitsa matendawa, tikuchulukirachulukira mwachangu, titha kuwononga mahekitala aminda yobzalidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa nsonga za mbatata, kachilomboka kakudya mbatata ku Colorado amadya masamba a biringanya, phwetekere, tsabola wokoma, physalis, nightshade, wolfberry, mandrake ngakhale fodya.
Kuti tizilombo tomwe tidawonekera pamtunda sizinawononge zokolola zonse zamtsogolo, munthu adapanga zingapo njira zothandizira kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Colorado mbatata... M'minda yayikulu, mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata.
Kuipa kwa izi ndikuti tizilombo pang'onopang'ono timazolowera mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo, titasinthiratu, timapitiliza kudya masamba a mbewu zomwe tidabzala, komanso anthu amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika pakudya zopempha mbatata.
M'minda yaying'ono yanyumba, wamaluwa amasamalira mbewu kuchokera ku kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata ndi phulusa. Komanso, poizoni wa kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata ndipo mphutsi zake ndi njira yothetsera urea, ndipo mukamagwiritsa ntchito yankho ili, nthaka yokha imaphatikizidwanso ndi nayitrogeni.
Chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka tizilombo kameneka kamakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, sakonda fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala, ndiye kuti ndizotheka Chotsani kachilomboka ka colorado mbatata Mutha kupopera ma infusions osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion, chowawa, nsapato za akavalo kapena decoction wa sikelo ya anyezi.
M'minda yam'nyumba, kachilomboka kakang'ono ka mbatata ka Colorado kamakololedwa nthawi zambiri ndi dzanja, kenako kakuwotcha kapena kuphwanyidwa, yomwe ndi njira imodzi yothanirana ndi kachilomboka.
Monga momwe mungayambitsire kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata nthawi zonse amakhala mwini wa kufesa minda ndi minda yamasamba yomwe imasankha, koma posachedwapa anthu akhala akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yocheperako ya ziphe zamankhwala, ndipo amathera nthawi yochulukirapo ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano yazomera zokhazokha zomwe kachilomboka ka Colorado sikadye.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika, ndi kuyamba kwa masiku oyamba a dzuwa, zikumbu zazikulu za Colorado zimatuluka pansi ndipo zimatha kukwatirana nthawi yomweyo.
Zazikazi zimaikira mazira patangotha umuna, nthawi zambiri zimabisa mazirawo mkati kapena mkati mwa masamba. Mu tsiku limodzi, mkaziyo amatha kuyikira mazira 70, ndipo munyengo yamtundu wokhazikika kuchokera masika mpaka nthawi yophukira, kuchuluka kwa mazira kumatha kufikira masauzande.
Pakatha sabata limodzi kapena awiri, kuchokera m'mazira omwe adaikira, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, yaying'ono, 2-3 mm kukula, mphutsi, zomwe kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za moyo zimayamba kudyetsa, zimayamba kudya chipolopolo cha dzira palokha ndikusunthira masamba pang'ono.
Pakatha milungu ingapo, mboziyo imayamba kuphunzira ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri munthu wamkulu wodziyimira pawokha amasankhidwa pansi, yemwe amakhala wokonzeka kale kubala ana.
M'madera akumwera, munyengo kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira, mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu ya tizilombo imatha kukula, komwe kutentha kumakhala kozizira, m'badwo umodzi nthawi zambiri umawonekera. Pafupipafupi, kachilomboka kakang'ono ka mbatata ka Colorado kamakhala zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, koma zikafika pakadutsa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti tizilombo timatha kukhala zaka zitatu.
