Kufotokozera ndi malo okhala usiku
Nightjar sichimawoneka msanga. Iyi ndi mbalame yokhala ndi utoto wabwino kwambiri woteteza, chifukwa chomwe usikujar ndi katswiri wodzibisa. Kuchokera pamwamba pake ndi chojambulidwa ndi imvi yakuda, kumbuyo komwe kuli mizere, mawanga, mawanga achikasu, abulauni, amdima.
Chifuwa cha nkhuku ndi imvi yakuda ndi mikwingwirima yayifupi ya mawu opepuka. Mapiko onse awiri, mutu ndi mchira zili ndi dongosolo lomwe limabisa mbalameyo bwino mu zomera. Malingana ndi mtundu wa nthenga, mbalame zimagawidwa m'magulu amitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya nkhonya usiku, zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Thupi lanthenga ndilotalika 26 cm, mchira ndi 12 cm, ndipo mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi 20 cm.
Maso a mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, yozungulira, yakuda. Mlomo ndi waung'ono potseka. Koma pakamwa pa nightjar palokha ndi yayikulu - amafunikanso kugwira tizilombo usiku, pothawa. Mlomo umazunguliridwa ndi timing'alu ting'onoting'ono koma tolimba, momwe tizilombo timakodwa ndikulowera pakamwa pa mbalameyo.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wokhotakhota mozungulira kamwa, usikujar nthawi zambiri amatchedwa reticulum.
Mawu a mbalameyi amafanana ndi kulira kwa thirakitala, ndipo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi kulira kwa mbalame zina. Ali mlengalenga, zovalazo zimafuula ma alamu, zimathanso kuyimba mluzu, kudina kapena kuwomba m'manja mofewa.
Maonekedwe a nthengawo sadziwika bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nightjar, mbalamekomwe kumakhala usiku. Kukuwa kwake kwachilendo usiku komanso ndege zachete mumlengalenga usiku zidasewera naye nthabwala zoyipa - anthu adamuwona ngati woipa, monga akadzidzi.
Mverani liwu la usiku
Amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi imayamwa mkaka wonse wa mbuzi usiku ndikuwapangitsa khungu. Pano chifukwa chomwe mbalameyi idatchedwa Nightjar. M'malo mwake, palibe chilichonse chamtunduwu, zachidziwikire. Kungoti nthenga imeneyi imayimira mbalame zosaka usiku, zomwe zimakopeka ndi tizilombo tomwe timazungulira ziweto.
Mbalameyi imakhala yabwino kwambiri m'nkhalango zotentha ku Europe ndi Western ndi Central Asia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ku North-West Africa. Amakhala pazilumba za Balearic, Britain, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, amapezeka ku Kupro ndi Krete. Amapezekanso ku Caucasus.
Nightjar samawopa kwambiri malo okhala; nthawi zambiri imawuluka pafupi ndi minda ndi malo owetera ng'ombe. Izi zidadzetsa nthano yayikulu ya dzina lake. Ngakhale, m'malo mwake, izi zitha kufotokozedwa mophweka - kudya usiku tizilombo tokha, ndi tizilombo nthawi zambiri timayandama mozungulira nyama, chakudya chawo ndi zinyalala. Zikuoneka kuti pafupi ndi minda ndizosavuta kuti njovu yosaka usiku izisaka.
Woyimira nthenga uyu wa nkhalango zowirira sakonda - ndizovuta kuti aziyendetsa ndi mapiko ake pakati pa nthambi pafupipafupi. Iye sakonda malo achithaphwi. Koma usiku wa usiku usiku umadziwa bwino malo okwera. M'mapiri a Caucasus, amatha kukwera mpaka 2500 m, ndipo ku Africa adawonedwa konsekonse pamtunda wa 5000 m.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa usiku
Nightjar ndi mbalame yozizira usiku. Moyo wathunthu wa usiku wausiku umayamba kokha pomwe mdima umayamba. Masana, amapuma panthambi zamitengo kapena amagwera muudzu wofota, momwe amakhala wosaoneka kwathunthu. Ndipo usiku ndi m'mene mbalamezo zimauluka kupita kukasaka.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti panthambi sizidakonzedwe ngati mbalame wamba - kudutsa nthambi, koma motsatira. Pobisala kwakukulu, amatseka ngakhale maso ake. Nthawi yomweyo, imaphatikizika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mtengowo kotero kumakhala kovuta kuti muwuzindikire, pokhapokha ngati mwangozi mwamenya nawo.
Pokhala m'nkhalango za paini, zitsamba zobisalira zimatha kudzibisa mosavuta monga mtundu wa thunthu la mtengo
Imawuluka ngati chovala chausiku mwakachetechete, mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Akuwuluka, amalanda nyama, chifukwa chake amayenera kuyendetsa bwino ndikuchita mwachangu mphezi pakuwoneka kwa tizilombo. Komanso, imatha kupachikidwa pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mukamauluka, mchira wopapatiza ndi mapiko akuthwa zimawonekera bwino, ndipo ndizosangalatsa kuwona nokha ndegeyo. Kusaka kwake kumbuyo kwa thambo la usiku kumafanana ndi kuvina mwakachetechete. Sikuti aliyense amatha kusirira kuwuluka koteroko, mbalameyi imabisika, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, imakhala moyo wosangalatsa usiku.
Koma pansi imayenda mothina kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti miyendo ya nightjar ndi yayifupi, yosasinthidwa kuyenda, ndipo zala zake ndizofooka chifukwa cha izi. Ngati pangakhale zoopsa, galu wobisala amabisala ngati malo akumaloko. Komabe, ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti mbalameyo imakwera m'mwamba, popewa kuyitsatira.
Chakudya chamadzulo
Amadyetsa njuchi tizilombo tokha, izi mbalame imakonda tizilombo tomwe timauluka. Mitundu yonse ya njenjete, kafadala, agulugufe ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha usiku. Komabe, ngati mavu, njuchi, udzudzu, kapena ngakhale kachilombo kukumana nako, wosaka usiku sadzauluka.
Nthawi zina maso a chowotcha chimawala, zodabwitsazi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi kuwala kowunikira, koma mbalameyo imawayatsa nthawi iliyonse ikafuna, kotero palibe amene adafotokozapo kuwala
Kapangidwe kake ka mbalame kamasinthidwa kuti azidyera usiku - maso akulu akulu ndi pakamwa patali, mopitilira momwe ngakhale ntchentche (munthawi yeniyeni ya mawuwo) sangathe kuuluka, ndikuzungulira mlomo. Kuti chakudyacho chigayidwe bwino, usiku wa usiku umameza timiyala ting'onoting'ono kapena mchenga.
Chakudyacho chikasagayidwa, amachibwezeretsanso, monga mbalame zina - akadzidzi kapena mphamba. Amagwira ntchentcheyo, koma nthawi zina amaisaka kunthambi ndipo imasaka usiku, koma ngati pali chakudya chochuluka, mbalame imatha kupumula.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa usiku
Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi (kutengera malo okhala mbalame), mating amapezeka. Choyamba, kutatsala milungu iwiri kuti mkaziyo afike, chachimuna chobisalacho chimafika pachisa. Pofuna kukopa chidwi chachikazi, chovala cholowacho chimayamba kukupiza, kukupiza mapiko ake ndikuwonetsa luso lake pouluka.
Mkaziyo, atadzisankhira yekha, amawuluka mozungulira malo angapo komwe angapangire zowalamulira. Mbalamezi sizimanga zisa. Akuyang'ana malo pansi pomwe masamba, udzu ndi mitundu yonse ya nthambi zimadulidwa mwachilengedwe, pomwe amatha kuyikira mazira. Mkaziyo amaswa anapiye pansi, kuphatikiza ndi chivundikiro cha nthaka.
Malo oterewa akapezeka, kukwerana kumachitika pamenepo. Patapita kanthawi, mkaka wausiku wamkazi umayika mazira awiri ndikuwasungunula okha. Zowona, nthawi zina yamphongo imatha kulowa m'malo mwake. Anapiye sanabadwe ali maliseche, amakhala okutidwa kale ndi madzi ndipo amatha kuthamangitsa amayi awo.
Ndipo pakatha masiku 14, ana akhanda amayamba kuphunzira kuuluka. Kwa sabata lathunthu, timitsuko tating'onoting'ono takhala tikuyesera kudziwa nzeru zovuta zowuluka, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata amatha kuuluka okha patali.
Nthawi yodzala ndi usiku wa usiku imatha kupitilizidwa mpaka miyezi yonse yachilimwe
Ndipo atatha masiku 35, ali ndi zaka mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo, amathawira kutali ndi chisa chawo cha makolo kwamuyaya ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha. Komabe, iwo amakhala makolo okha chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa kubadwa. Kukula msanga kwa anapiye kumalumikizidwa ndi moyo waufupi wa usiku - zaka 6 zokha.
