Zochita za nkhandwe komanso malo okhala
Nkhandwe ndi nyama kukula kwake, ndipo ngati mukuyerekeza ndi galu, kukula kwake kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi wamba wamba.
Nkhandwe wokhala ndi madera ambiri, amapezeka ku Africa yotentha, m'zipululu za Asia, ndi ku Middle East. Amamva bwino m'zidikha ndi m'munsi mwa dziko lathu, ali womasuka makamaka kukhala ku Caucasus, koma zilibe vuto kukhala ku India ndi ku Romania.
Nyamayi imakhala m'mphepete mwa malo osungira zitsamba zazing'ono komanso bango lalitali. M'mapiri amatha kuwoneka pamalo okwera, pafupifupi mita 1,000 pamwamba pamadzi. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti amakonda moyo wa m'chigwa kwambiri. Mwambiri, ngati mungalembe zigawo zonse ndi makontinenti, zimatenga nthawi yambiri.
Kunja, nkhandwe imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi mphamba kapena nkhandwe. Kukula kwa nkhandwe, poyerekeza ndi nyama izi, kumatenga kukula kwapakati - china pakati.
Chinyama chimakhala chovuta pang'ono - mphuno imaloza, miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, ndipo thupi ndilolimba. Amawoneka ngati nkhandwe yowonda. Kuyang'ana chithunzi cha nyama mutha kuwona bwino lomwe nkhandwe amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, owonda kwambiri koma osakhazikika.
Mchira wakudawo nthawi zonse umatsitsidwa ndipo pafupifupi umafika pansi. Makutu awiri amfupi amawonekera pamwamba pamutu, omwe amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse. Thupi lonse la nyama limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, lalifupi, lomwe limakhala lovuta kuligwira. Chiwerengero cha zala zakumapazi chakumunsi ndizosiyana - kumiyendo 5 yakutsogolo, ndipo kumiyendo yakumbuyo kuli 4 yokha.
Mtundu wa nkhandwe umadalira dera. Chifukwa chake, nyama yomwe ikukhala ku Caucasus imakhala yowala kwambiri komanso yakuda kuposa abale ake omwe amakhala kumadera akum'mawa kwa India ndi Central Asia.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa nkhandwe umatha kukhala wotuwa ndi utoto wonyezimira mpaka utoto wakuda wosakanikirana ndi ofiira. Mimba ya nkhandwe ndi yoyera - chikasu chodetsedwa, ndipo chifuwa chake ndichowoneka bwino. Komanso, nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira, utoto wake utha kusintha pang'ono, komanso kuuma kwa ubweya.
Kulongosola kwa chinyama sikungakhale kosakwanira kunena kuti thupi lake, osaganizira kutalika kwa mchira, limapitilira 75 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu sikupitilira theka la mita. Nkhandwe imatha kudzitamandira ndi kulemera kwake, chifukwa ngakhale ikakhala yodzaza, kulemera kwake sikupitilira 10 kg.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhandwe
Ankhandwe, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo, samasamukira kwina; moyo wongokhala ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Kukhumudwa kulikonse komwe chilengedwe kapena nyama zina zasamalira - kakhonde ka m'mapiri, mabowo a akatumbu, nkhandwe, ziphuphu pakati pa miyala kapena nkhalango zowirira zomwe sizingadutse pamadzi zimatha kukhala pothawirapo nyama.
Kupeza nkhandwe kukudzikumbira si ntchito yophweka, chifukwa sakonda kugwira ntchito. Koma chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngati agwira ntchito pa dzenje lake, ayikonzekeretsa ndi chitunda kutsogolo kwa khomo.
Mimbulu imakonda kupumula m'malo amthunzi pomwe mutha kubisala kutentha ndikudikirira chimphepo. Itapuma pang'ono, nkhandwe imayamba kusaka. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chilombocho ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri, chosachedwa komanso chofulumira. Atamupeza wovutitsidwayo, amamenya ndi liwiro la mphezi, amafinya ndi mano kuti musathawe. Pamene mimbulu imasaka awiriawiri.
Kenako wina amapititsa nyama ija kumeneko. Komwe mdani wina wobisalira akumudikirira kale. Mukapereka Makhalidwe a nkhandwe Mwachidule, ziyenera kudziwika kuti chilombo ichi - nyama otukuka kwambiri.
Nzeru, kuchenjera, kulimba mtima ndi luso la chilombochi zikanakhala nsanje ya ambiri. Anthu omwe alibe mwayi wokhala munyama iyi akuti nkhandwe imachita zachipongwe kwambiri ikamazunza nyumba za nkhuku kapena minda yaulimi.
Komabe, akakumana ndi munthu, samumenya, chifukwa ndi wamantha kwambiri. Zitha kukhala kuti mantha alibe chochita nawo, koma amachita izi chifukwa cha luntha lake.
Madzulo, mimbulu imatsegulidwa. Mwambiri, mwachilengedwe, iyi ndi nyama yoyenda usiku, ngakhale m'malo omwe nyama sichimasokonezedwa ndi munthu, imachita mwakhama masana. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyama zimayendayenda m'magulu, omwe amakhala ndi mabanja. Chiwerengero cha nyama chitha kufikira anthu khumi.
Pamutu pa paketi nthawi zonse pamakhala nyama zolimba ziwiri, zazing'ono zingapo ndi mimbulu ing'onoing'ono, ngakhale nthawi zambiri anthu omwe asochera kuchoka pagulu lawo - nkhandwe zosakwatiwa - amatha kukhomedwa pamtengowo. Banja lililonse lili ndi malo okhala pafupifupi 10 km2.
Asanayambe kusaka, chilombocho chimatulutsa kulira kwakukulu komwe kwamkati kumazizira. M'malo mwake ndi kulira kopitilira muyeso, komwe kumatola mimbulu zonse zomwe zimamveka.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mimbulu imangofuula isanafike posaka nyama, komanso ikamamva mabelu akulira, kulira kwa ma sireni ndi mamvekedwe ena. Monga mimbulu, mimbulu imakonda kulira pamwezi, koma imachita izi usiku wopanda nyenyezi, koma nyengo yamvula sikukonzekera makonsati.
Chinyama fuulani nkhandwe imatha kubereka m'mitundu ina yamawu. Mimbulu ikafuula awiriawiri, imawonetsa kuti pali kulumikizana kwamtundu wina pakati pawo. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo isanakwane, nyama zimapanga chiwonetsero chodabwitsa.
Mverani kulira kwa nkhandwe
Mverani kulira kwa nkhandwe pansi pa siren
Chakudya cha nkhandwe
Nkhandwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa wamba - nyama siyokonda chakudya. Amakonda, monga akunena, kulawa nyama yowola, yomwe imakhalabe yosadya nyama yayikulu.
Akalulu sakhala mlendo kuti apindule ndi winawake, chifukwa chake sathamangira kudzisaka ndi kusaka nthawi zina. Kumbukirani ndimezo ya chojambula chomwe aliyense amakonda Mowglikumene kuli zochitika liti mimbulu konzani phwando, wolandidwa zotsalira za nyama yomwe idasiyidwa ndi Sherkhan, kambuku wojambula.
Chilombocho chimakonda kudya usiku, mwina masana akuopa kuti angawonekere ndipo adzatengedwa. Zakudya za nyama zimapangidwa ndi makoswe, nyama zazing'ono, abuluzi.
Sadzanyoza kuluma njoka, chule, nkhono ngakhale ziwala. Patsiku la nsomba nkhandwe kusaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kupeza nsomba yakufa, idya modzipereka.
Zachidziwikire, nyama ya nkhuku imakondanso kukoma kwa nkhandwe, chifukwa chake imadzipereka mwaukadaulo oimira mbalame zam'madzi zam'mapiko. Mpheta, zomwe, monga mimbulu, zimadya nyama yakufa, nthawi zambiri zimadya pafupi ndi gulu la nyama zolusa, zomwe zimasonkhana pafupi ndi "chakudya chamadzulo".
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kutha kwa nyengo yozizira kwa mimbulu kumatanthauza kuti ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kuvuta. Nyama izi zimapanga okwatirana kamodzi kokha komanso kwamuyaya. Wamwamuna ndi bambo wabwino komanso bambo, limodzi ndi wamkazi nthawi zonse amatenga nawo gawo pokonza dzenje ndikubereka ana.
Mzimayi wapakati amayenda pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Ana agalu amabadwa, nthawi zambiri, kuyambira 4 mpaka 6, nthawi zambiri samabadwa 8. Kubereka kumachitika mumng'oma, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala m'malo obisika.
Nthawi yodyetsera imatenga miyezi itatu, koma kuyambira azaka zitatu mpaka ana agalu, mayiyo amayamba kuyambitsa chakudya, chomwe amachikonzanso, ndipo ana amadya mofunitsitsa. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mimbulu imadziyimira pawokha ndipo imayamba kusaka pagulu laling'ono.
Achinyamata amakhala okhwima mwa kugonana m'njira zosiyanasiyana - akazi amafika pokhwima pakadutsa chaka, ndipo nkhandwe zazing'ono zimayamba kufunafuna wokwatirana naye patatha zaka ziwiri zitabadwa. Amadziwika kuti nkhandwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala kuthengo kwazaka zopitilira 10, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, osamalidwa bwino komanso chakudya chodyetsedwa bwino, zaka zawo zimatha kufikira zaka 15, pambuyo pake amapita kudziko lina.
