Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala nyumbu
Ngati munthu amva dzina antelope, pamlingo wosazindikira, ali ndi mayanjano ndi mawu nyumbu... Ndipo izi sizangochitika mwangozi, chifukwa mitundu ya antelope yotchuka kwambiri ndi nyumbu.
Mwambiri, pali mitundu iwiri ya ma artiodactyls - nyumbu zoyera ndi zoyera zamtambo. Achibale apafupi a nyama izi ndi madambo antelopes ndi congoni, koma kunena zowona, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti kunja ndiosiyana kwambiri.
Kodi nyumbu imakhala kuti? Atha kuonedwa ngati wokhalamo ku Africa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu onse, pafupifupi 70%, adakhazikika ku Kenya, pomwe ena onse akudyetsa ku Namibia ndi mayiko ena aku Africa.
Pachithunzicho pali nyumbu yamtambo
Sungani poyang'ana koyamba nyumbu amawoneka ovuta kwambiri ndipo ngakhale, wina akhoza kunena, wopanda chisoni. Amakhala ndi chithunzi chakuti chilengedwe chaika mitundu ingapo ya nyama kuoneka ngati mphalapala.
Dziweruzireni nokha, ndi mawonekedwe ake akuthengo nyamayi imakumbutsa ng'ombe kapena kavalo - mutu waukulu, nyanga zazifupi zopindika ndi nkhope ya mbuzi.
Ngati muyang'ana chithunzi cha nyumbu, ndiye kuti mutha kuwona bwino pakhosi lakuda lomwe lapachikidwa kumunsi kwa mphuno, likuwoneka ngati ndevu zambuzi, pakhosi mane wofanana ndi wa kavalo, koma osowa kwambiri.
Ndipo mchira wautali umatha ndi ngayaye, chabwino, monga bulu, pomwe nyama imamveka ngati kukumbukira ng'ombe ikulira. Antelope yokutidwa ndi imvi zakuda, zopota buluu kapena tsitsi lofiirira lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosazindikirika m'mbali, yozungulira. Ndipo nyumbu yanyengo yoyera imapangidwa ndi malankhulidwe akuda, koma mchira wake ndi woyera komanso wakuda.
Ndi kulemera kwa 200-250 makilogalamu, osungunuka omwe amafota amafika pang'ono kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka. Thupi la antelope ndi lamphamvu kwambiri paphewa pake. Mutu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi umavekedwa ndi nyanga, wopindika komanso wolimba kwambiri. Komanso, amuna ali ndi nyanga pafupifupi mita, zomwe mungavomereze kwambiri.
Kujambulidwa ndi nyumbu yanyimbo zoyera
Nyanga zimathandiza nyamayo kuti imenyane ndi adani, zomwe ziyenera kuzindikiridwa mu herbivore iyi kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nyama zamtchire
Nyumbu imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chofananira ndi mawonekedwe amakhalanso ndi zododometsa. Kwenikweni, ungulates amakhala ndi moyo wofanana ndi ng'ombe - amadyetsa mwamtendere, amatafuna udzu nthawi zonse, kutsuka tizilombo tosasangalatsa ndi mchira wawo.
Zowona, nthawi zina, popanda chifukwa chomveka, antelope amagwa mwamtundu wina wosamvetsetseka, ndipo gulu lankhosa limaphulika kuchokera pomwepo ndikupita kudera la savanna.
Gulu la zikwizikwi limathamanga liwiro lonse, likumawombera pansi ndi ziboda zawo, kukweza mitambo yafumbi, ndikusesa chilichonse chomwe chili panjira yake. Chiwonetserochi chimangokhala chodabwitsa, koma ndi bwino kuchiyang'ana patali, apo ayi munthu angafe.
Ngakhale kwa antelope, mafuko otere samakhala bwino. Malinga ndi akatswiri, osachepera 250 zikwi zakuthengo sizimakafika kumapeto komaliza chaka chilichonse, chifukwa zimamwalira pansi pa ziboda za abale awo kapena kugwera kuphompho, kugwa kuchokera kuphompho. Ambiri amafa pakuwoloka madzi.
Mitsinje ndiye zopinga zazikulu ndi misampha pakusamuka kwa mphalapala. Ng'ona zokonda magazi ndi njala zamuyaya zikuwadikirira pano. Ndipo m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa mphalapala, mkango, ukuyembekezera kuti abisalire. Ndipo sikuti ndi mikango yokha yomwe imakonzeka kugwira mphalapala yomwe yasokera m'gulu la ziweto kapena mwana amene watsalira pambuyo pa mayi ake.
Fisi, akambuku ndi zilombo zina za ku Africa sizowopsa kwa nyama kuposa mikango. Ngakhale ziyenera kudziwika kuti zonse zitha kukhala zoyipa kwambiri ngati, zikamenyedwa ndi nyama yolusa, nkhandwe zimakhalira limodzi, osabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Nyumbu ikamwazikana, nyamayo imasokonezeka kwakanthawi, ndipo mphalapala zimapeza nthawi ndikutha kuchitapo kanthu. Kunena za nyumbu, ziyenera kudziwika kuti nyama iyi sinazolowere kukhala malo amodzi.
Nyengo yonse kuyambira Meyi mpaka Novembala, antelope amasamuka posaka msipu wobiriwira, koma sizovuta kwa madambo okutidwa ndi udzu wosiyanasiyana, ndipo akuyang'ana mitundu ina yaudzu, womwe mwamwayi, ungapezeke m'masamba akulu osavutikira.
Nyumbu ndi zomwe zimamwa madzi mwachilengedwe, zimamwa madzi ambiri choncho ndizosangalala kukhala m'mbali mwa matupi a madzi ngati kulibe nyama zolusa pafupi. Nyumbu imakonda kuzizira, imadzigubuduza mumatope ndikusangalala.
Chakudya
Zakudya za antelopes zimangobzala chakudya, kapena m'malo mwake, udzu wokoma. Nyumbu nthawi zambiri imadyetserako msipu komwe mbidzi zimadzisankhira. Chowonadi ndichakuti ndizosavuta kuti mphalapala zikafike kuudzu wotsika pambuyo poti mizere ya ungulates idadya yayitali.
Masana, nyumbu imadya udzu wa makilogalamu 4-5 ndipo pa phunziro ili imatenga maola 16 patsiku. Ngati udzu usiya kukula m'nyengo yadzuwa, ndiye kuti amatha kuluma masamba, koma sakonda chakudya choterocho. Ndiye chifukwa chake nyumbu nthawi zonse imasamuka kukafunafuna chakudya chomwe imakonda.
Kubalana ndi moyo wa nyumbu
Nyengo yamphongo ya mphalapala imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni. Nthawi yakwana, amuna amakonza ndewu. Mwambo wa kukwatirana pakati pa amuna umachepetsedwa mpaka kuti amuna okhwima ogonana amaimirira pamapazi awo ndikuyamba kukondana.
Ndipo amene atha kukhala wamphamvu adzakhala mwini wawo gulu la atsikana agwape. Omwe ali ndi mwayi amatha kupambana mitima ya akazi 10-15 mwakamodzi. Nyumbu imabereka ana pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi inayi. Chifukwa chake, anawo amabadwa m'nyengo yozizira - mu Januware kapena February.
Chilengedwe chimaonetsetsa kuti amayi oyamwitsa ali ndi chakudya chokwanira. Ndi nthawi yomwe ana amabadwa pomwe nyengo yamvula imayamba ku Africa ndipo udzu umakula ndikumadumpha.
Mimbulu imadyetsa ana awo mkaka kwa miyezi pafupifupi 8. Mphalapala imabereka mwana wa ng’ombe mmodzi, yemwe pobadwa amakhala wa bulauni. Pambuyo theka la ola, mwana wakhanda amatha kale kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake, ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi amatha kutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano.
Pakatha chaka, ng'ombe imamasulidwa ku chisamaliro cha amayi, ndipo patatha zaka zinayi, anyamata achichepere amayamba kulingalira za ana awo motero amadzipezera okha mkazi. Ali mu ukapolo, nyumbu imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali - pafupifupi kotala la zana limodzi kapena kupitirirapo, koma kuthengo sichitha zaka 20.
