Mtengo waukulu (lat. Parus major) ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa ma titmice onse. Zili m'manja mwa odutsa. Makulidwe akhoza kukhala mpaka 14 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 14-22 g yokha.
Mutha kukumana nawo kudera lonse la Europe ku Russia, ku Caucasus, kumwera kwa Siberia komanso kudera la Amur.
Malongosoledwe a Tit: Mtundu wowala komanso wokongola pamimba - wachikaso kapena mandimu, wokhala ndi mzere wakuda wakutali. Ndi za iye titmouse pachithunzichi ngakhale mwana adzazindikira.
Mzere pamimba mwa amuna umakulitsa mpaka pansi, ndipo mwa akazi, m'malo mwake, umachepetsa. Masaya oyera ndi oyera, ndipo mutu womwewo ndi wakuda.
Mtundu wobiriwira kapena wabuluu kumbuyo. Wotera wakuda, wowongoka, wamlomo wachidule ndi mchira wautali. Mapiko ake ndi amtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa.
Mtengo waukulu
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala tit
Ambiri sadziwa mbalame zosamukira tit kapena ayi... Koma uyu ndi wokhala kwamuyaya m'mizinda yathu.
M'nyengo yanjala yozizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi pamene ziweto zimasamukira kumalo abwino kwambiri kuti apulumuke.
Dzuwa litangotuluka, mwezi wa February, titmouse ndiye woyamba kusangalatsa anthu ndi kulira kwake.
Nyimbo ya Tit kulira ndipo ndikofanana ndikulira kwa mabelu. "Tsi-tsi-pi, ying-chi-ying-chi" - komanso sonorous, - "ping-ping-chrrzh" imadziwitsa anthu okhala m'mizinda zakumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Amanena za titmouse ngati wamthenga wazuwa wamasika. M'nyengo yotentha, nyimboyi imayamba kukhala yosamveka bwino komanso yosasangalatsa: "Zin-zi-ver, zin-zin."
Mverani mawu a mbalame tit
Mtundu uwu umakhala wothandizana naye nthawi zonse; mphalapalayo imakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki amizinda yayikulu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe zimakhalira tit kumwamba... Kuthawa kwake ndi sayansi ya momwe amatha kuwuluka mwachangu ndipo nthawi yomweyo kupulumutsa mphamvu kumangosiririka chifukwa chantchito yake.
Kupukutira kosavuta kwa mapiko ake kangapo - mbalameyo idakwera kumwamba, kenako nkuwoneka ngati ikutsikira pansi, ikufotokoza ma parabolas ofatsa mlengalenga. Zikuwoneka kuti ndege ngati imeneyi silingayendetsedwe, komanso amatha kuyenda pagulu latsamba.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa tit
Mbalame yomwe imangokhala chete. Amakhala akuyenda nthawi zonse. Moyo womwewo ndiwosangalatsa mawere, ndi mawonekedwe ake Ayenera kugwirizanitsa anapiye akuluakulu mdzinja limodzi ndi makolo awo ndi mabanja ena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi mitu 50 yonse.
Mbalame yaying'ono imatenga aliyense m'gulu lake. Pamodzi ndi iwo, mutha kuwona mbalame zamitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, zomata.
Koma ndi ochepa okha omwe adzapulumuke mpaka masika, akumwalira ndi njala. Koma izi ndi dongosolo lenileni la nkhalango ndi minda. M'nyengo yotentha amadya tizilombo tambiri tovulaza. Amayi amodzi okha, omwe amadyetsa ana awo, amateteza mitengo mpaka 40 m'munda ku tizirombo.
Ndi nthawi yokhwima yokha pamene m'gulu la ziweto timagawikana pawiri ndikugawa bwino malo odyetsera, ofanana pafupifupi 50 mita.
Wokondwa komanso wosangalatsa mbalame, panthawi yodyetsa nyama zazing'ono, imasandulika zolengedwa zoyipa komanso zamwano, kuthamangitsa ochita nawo mpikisano mdera lake.
Kudyetsa tit
M'nyengo yozizira, tit wamkulu ndi mlendo wamba kwa odyetsa. Amadya dzinthu mosangalala, amabzala mbewu.
M'chilimwe, imakonda kudya tizilombo ndi akangaude, zomwe zimayang'ana pamitengo kapena munthambi.
Ngati muli ndi chipiriro, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira, patangopita nthawi yochepa, tit iphunzira kutenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwanu.
Mutu wokondedwayo umatchedwa grenadier wa nthenga pamutu ngati mutu wa ma grenadiers
Amuna amtundu wamtengo wapatali, nthenga zakuda zimachokera m'maso, pomwe mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina
Marsh tit kapena ufa
Mosiyana ndi anzawo, tititi wamkuluyo samakhala m'nyengo yozizira, koma mosangalala amadya chakudya chosungidwa ndi mitundu ina.
Mitundu yamtunduwu imadyetsa ana amphongo mothandizidwa ndi mbozi, zomwe kutalika kwake kwa thupi sikupitilira sentimita imodzi.
Kujambulidwa ndikudya kwa mawere
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Bolshaki ndi mbalame zokhazokha, zoduka awiriawiri, zimayamba kupanga chisa palimodzi, ndikulera anapiye limodzi.
Amakonda chachikulu tit (monga mtundu uwu umatchulidwanso) kuti ukhale m'nkhalango yopyapyala, m'mbali mwa mitsinje, m'mapaki ndi minda. Koma m'nkhalango za coniferous simudzapeza chisa cha titmouse.
Chisa malo maliseche m'mapanga a mitengo yakale kapena ziphuphu za nyumba. Zisa zakale zomwe zidasiyidwa ndi omwe adakhalapo kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 6 m kuchokera pansi zimakonzekereranso mbalame. Mbalame modzipereka zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi zisa zopangidwa ndi anthu.
Chisa cha Tit mdzenje la mtengo
Pakati pa nyengo yakumasirana, mbalame, zosangalatsa komanso zosakhazikika, zimakhala zamwano kwa anzawo.
Pofuna kumanga chisa, zimayambira udzu ndi timitengo, mizu ndi moss zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chisa chonsecho chimakutidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa, ubweya wa thonje, mphonje, nthenga ndi kutsika, ndipo pakati pa mulu uwu msampha pang'ono umafinyidwa, womwe umakutidwa ndi ubweya kapena ubweya wa akavalo.
Ngati kukula kwa chisa pakokha kumatha kukhala kosiyana kwambiri, kutengera malo odyera, ndiye kuti kukula kwa thireyi ndikofanana.
- kuya - 4-5 masentimita;
- awiri - 4-6 cm.
Mpaka 15 yoyera, mazira owala pang'ono amatha kupezeka mu clutch imodzi nthawi yomweyo. Pamaso pa mazirawo pamwazikana timadontho ndi timadontho ta utoto wofiirira, ndikupanga corolla mbali yosalala ya dzira.
Kuchedwa mutu mazira kawiri pachaka: kamodzi kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndipo wachiwiri mkatikati mwa chilimwe.
Zowalamulira za mazira a tit
Mkazi amaikira mazira kwa masiku 13, ndipo yamphongo nthawi ino imamudyetsa mosamala. Masiku awiri kapena atatu oyamba, anapiye oswedwa amakhala okutidwa ndi imvi, chifukwa chachikazi sichisiya chisa, kuwalimbikitsa ndi kutentha kwake.
Yaimuna panthawiyi imadyetsa onse ana ndi iye. Kenako, anapiyewo atayamba kudzazidwa ndi nthenga, onse awiriwa akudya kale ana awo olimba.
Pambuyo masiku 16-17, anapiyewo aphimbidwa ndi nthenga ndipo amakhala okonzeka kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Koma kwa masiku ena 6 mpaka 9 amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo, omwe amawadyetsa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Pachithunzichi muli mwana wankhuku yamutu
Zinyama zazing'ono zimakula msinkhu pafupifupi miyezi 9-10. Moyo wa titmouse m'nkhalango ndi waufupi, zaka 1-3 zokha, koma mu ukapolo mutu waukulu wamitengo ukhoza kukhala zaka 15.
Mbalamezi ndizothandiza kwambiri kulima ndi kulima nkhalango. Kupatula apo, amawononga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pansi pa khungwa la nthambi zowonda, m'malo omwe odulira mitengo sangathe kufikira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuteteza mitundu iyi m'chilengedwe. Zowonadi, nthawi yachisanu, chakudya sichingapezeke kwa mbalame, pafupifupi 90% yamatenda amafa ndi njala.
Mbalame yodyetsedwa bwino samaopa chisanu chilichonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuwadyetsa nthawi yachisanu.
