Chinjoka ndi imodzi mwa tizilombo takale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Achibale awo akutali, omwe adakhala zaka zoposa mazana atatu miliyoni zapitazo (kale ma dinosaurs oyamba asanatuluke), anali ndi kukula kodabwitsa kwambiri, kuposa kukula kwa mbalame zambiri zamakono.
Mapiko a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tidafikako adafika mita imodzi, sizopanda pake kuti dzina loti "Dragonfly" likadasungidwa mu Chingerezi, lomwe limatanthauza "chinjoka chouluka".
M'Chilatini kachilombo ka dragonfly wotchedwa "Libella" - mamba ang'onoang'ono. Dzinali ndi chifukwa mapiko a tizilombo pouluka ndi ofanana ndi mamba.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndikutchulidwa kambiri m'mabuku (nthano yotchuka "dragonfly ndi nyerere") Ndipo pamakampani amakono a nyimbo (nyimbo"dragonfly yoyera chikondi ", chomwe kwa nthawi yayitali chimakhala pamwamba pamitundu yonse yamatchati).
Gulugufe wagolideKomanso, amaonedwa ngati chithumwa champhamvu chomwe chimabweretsa mwayi.
Makhalidwe ndi malo a dragonfly
Kufotokozera kwa dragonfly Ndikofunika kuyamba ndi maso a kachilombo kameneka, kamene kakuwoneka koyamba sikangafanane komanso kakulu kwambiri poyerekeza kukula kwa thupi lonse.
Komabe, agulugufe amatchedwa masomphenya owoneka bwino, omwe ndi chifukwa chakupezeka kwa maso ang'onoang'ono masauzande masauzande, lirilonse lomwe limagwira ntchito palokha ndipo limasiyanitsidwa ndi enawo mothandizidwa ndi ma cell a pigment apadera.
Kapangidwe ka maso a the dragonfly kamamuthandiza kuwona ngakhale zomwe zikuchitika kumbuyo
Chifukwa chakumaso kodabwitsa kwa maso, masomphenya a agombolombo ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa tizilombo tina tambiri ndipo amalola kuti liwone zonse zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo, mbali ndi kutsogolo komanso kutsata nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita khumi.
Zosangalatsa! Masomphenya a agulugufe adakonzedwa mwanjira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wowona dziko lapansi mumtundu wina, kuphatikiza ma ultraviolet.
Thupi la dragonfly limakhala mwachindunji pamutu, pachifuwa ndi m'mimba mokulira, lomwe limathera mwamphamvu mwapadera.
Kutalika kwa tizilombo kumakhala pakati pa 3 mpaka 14 sentimita. Mitunduyi imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndipo imatha kuyambira yoyera, yachikaso ndi lalanje mpaka kufiyira, buluu komanso kubiriwira.
Mapikowo ali ndi mitsempha yambiri yopingasa komanso yotenga nthawi, yomwe imalimbitsa.
Tizilombo ta dragonfly ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zikuyenda mwachangu kwambiri: ngakhale kuthamanga kwake kothamanga nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 5 mpaka 10 km / h, mitundu ina imatha kuthamanga msanga mpaka zana km / h pamaulendo ataliatali.
Chifukwa chake ngakhale chithunzithunzi chododometsa agulugufe akudumpha, wopangidwa mu nthano imodzi yotchuka, tizilombo timayenda kwambiri ndipo timakhala achangu.
Ziwombankhanga zili ndi miyendo itatu, yomwe ili ndi zotchinga. Pakuthawa, miyendo ya kachilomboka amapindidwa ngati "dengu" kuti agwire nyama mwachangu ngati mphezi ikapezeka. Omenyerawa ali ndi malo amdima otetezera kusanjenjemera.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndege yoyamba ya ndegeyo idanyamuka chifukwa akatswiri a tizilombo tina tomwe adagawana ndi opanga mapangidwe ndi akatswiri opanga mapangidwe a mapiko a dragonfly, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinthuchi pakapangidwe ka ndege, zomwe zikadatha kuphulika, sizingaswe padziko lapansi, ngati sangakhale agulugufe.
Malo okhala agulugufe ndiwambiri ndipo amayambira kudera lamakono la Europe ndi Asia kupita ku Africa, Australia ndi America.
Ziwombankhanga zimakhala makamaka pakati pa mapiri, minda komanso m'mbali mwa nkhalango. Chofunikira chikhale kupezeka kwa posungira pafupi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa dragonfly
Ziwombankhanga zimakhala moyo wosungulumwa, zimakonda kusaka zokha. Chifukwa chakapangidwe kake ka mapiko, agulugufe amatha kuuluka mlengalenga, ndikupumira pang'ono, ndikuuluka mtunda wautali, ndikugunda makilomita mazana angapo osapuma.
Mukamabzala, agulugufe samapinda mapiko ake, monga tizilombo tina tambiri, koma amawasiya nthawi zonse.
Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imachitika masana, nthawi yomwe timagulugufe timauluka kukafunafuna nyama.
M'maola otentha, amatha kuwoneka ambiri m'mphepete mwa zitsime ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango.
Kuuluka kwa dragonfly kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kusalira kwake, chifukwa chake agulugufe amatha kuyandikira nyama yake mosazindikira.
Amadziwa kujambula mozungulira mumlengalenga, kuchita zovuta zina ngakhale kuwuluka chammbuyo. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, agulugufe amatha kuthawa mosavuta kwa adani omwe amawathamangitsa.
Mitundu ya agulugufe
Lero padziko lapansi pali pafupifupi 5000 mitundu ya agulugufe... Mitundu yayikulu imagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Homoptera, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukongola, mivi ndi ma lute. Ndi opepuka mopepuka.
- Mapiko osiyanasiyana, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu ya orthotrum, libellula, sympetrum ndi rocker arm. Mwa mitundu iyi, mapiko awiri akumbuyo amakhala ndi maziko owonjezera, lomwe ndi dzina lachigawochi.
- Anisozygoptera ndi gawo lochepa kwambiri, lomwe limafalitsidwa kumayiko monga Nepal, Tibet ndi Japan. Kuphatikiza mawonekedwe azomwe zili pamwambapa.
Msungwana wokongola - amakhala makamaka kumadera akumwera ndi zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha.
Msungwana wokongola wamkazi wamphongo ndi wamkazi amasiyanirana mitundu
Zazikazi zazosiyanazi zokhazika mazira zimatha kutsikira m'madzi mozama mita imodzi, ndikupanga mpweya wowazungulira.
Amapezeka pokhapokha m'matupi amadzi oyera, pokhala mtundu wa zisonyezero zoyera.
Fatima ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Amakhala m'malo amitsinje yamapiri ndi mitsinje m'mphepete mwa mchenga.
Chinjoka fatima
Agogo wamba ndi mtundu womwe umakhala m'chigawo chamakono ku Europe. Amapezekanso ku Urals komanso mozungulira Nyanja ya Caspian.
Agogo wamba
Mkango nyerere uli kachilombo ka dragonfly, ngakhale kuthawa kwake kuli kochedwa, ndipo machitidwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala aulesi komanso osafulumira.
Pachithunzicho pali mkango wa nyerere wa tizilombo, womwe nthawi zambiri umasokonezedwa ndi dragonfly.
Chakudya cha dragonfly
Kodi chinjoka chimadya chiyani? Popeza iye ndi wa olusa, ndiye agulugufe amadya tizilombo... Amagwira tizirombo tating'onoting'ono mothandizidwa ndi nsagwada zolimbitsa pomwe akuthawa, zazikulu - mothandizidwa ndi zikoka zolimba.
Pofuna kusaka nyama zazikulu, agulugufe amayenera kutsikira padziko lapansi ndikukhala patsamba la udzu kapena nthambi kuti ayembekezere nyama.
Zikakhala kuti agulugufe adaona nyama yake ikuthawa, imabwereza mwaluso njira yomwe idakwera, kenako imayandikira pafupi ndikungolumpha kuti igwire ndi miyendo yake.
Kapangidwe ka nsagwada za dragonfly zimalola kuti izitenga mosavuta ngakhale nyama yayikulu
Chinong'onoting'ono chimadya nyama yake mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa ndi tizilombo tosautsa kwambiri.
Tsiku limodzi, ayenera kudya chakudya chochuluka kwambiri kuposa kulemera kwake, kotero kuti chakudya chake patsiku ndi ntchentche zingapo, udzudzu ndi tizilombo tina.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kuyanjana tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zimachitika ntchentche. Zimatsogoleredwa ndi kuvina kosakanikirana komwe amuna amachita kuti akope mkaziyo kumunthu wake.
Zitakwatirana, mkaziyo amaikira mazira mpaka mazana awiri mu gulu limodzi. Pambuyo pake, dzira limatuluka mphutsi ya dragonfly, Kukula komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri, mpaka zaka zisanu.
Pachithunzicho pali mphutsi ya agulugufe
Mphutsi zimakhala zolusa kale ndipo zimasakanso tadpoles, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zamtundu wina wa nsomba, ndiye kuti ndi ochepa okha mwa mazana a mphutsi omwe amakhala ndi moyo.
Nthawi ya moyo wa agombombombayi imatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, poganizira magawo onse kuyambira mphutsi mpaka wamkulu, yomwe imatha kukhala mwezi umodzi kuthengo.
Nyumba za tizilomboti sizimabala kwenikweni, ndiye kuti mutha kungoziona m'malo awo achilengedwe ndikuwonera chithunzi cha dragonfly pa kukula kwa intaneti.
