Mbalame imeza mbalame yosangalatsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zakale, amakhulupirira kuti ngati mbalame iyi ikamanga chisa pansi pa denga la nyumba ya munthu, ndiye kuti nyumbayi idzakhala ndi chitonthozo ndi chisangalalo. Palinso nkhani zambiri, nthano komanso nthano zonena za mbalameyi.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo a namzeze
Pafupifupi mbalame zonsezi zimakhala m'malo otentha. Zazikulu zosiyanasiyana swallows m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa. Malowa akuphatikizapo Europe, America ndi Asia. Muthanso kukumana ndi mbalamezi kumayiko ozizira.
Zomwe zimakhala mbalame zimakhudza chiyani kumeza zosuntha kapena ayi... Ngulube akakhala m'maiko otentha, ndiye kuti sakusamukira kwina. Ngati mbalameyi ikukhala kumayiko akumpoto, ndiye kuti chisanu chikayamba, imayenera kuwulukira komwe kumatentha.
Mbalameyi ndi ya banja la anthu odutsa. Swallows amatha pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse akuthawa. Mbalameyi imatha kudya, kumwa, kukwatirana ngakhale kugona mlengalenga. Pali zambiri mitundu ya akumezandipo zonse ndizofanana.
- mlomo waukulu ndi wawung'ono, makamaka m'munsi;
- m'kamwa lalikulu ndi khalidwe;
- mbalame zimakhala zotalika kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo mapiko opapatiza;
- mbalame zimakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu;
- thupi lokoma;
- miyendo yayifupi, pomwe mbalame imatha kusunthira pansi;
- nthenga zambiri thupi lonse;
- pali chitsulo chosalala kumbuyo;
- mtundu wa anapiye ndi mbalame zazikulu ndi chimodzimodzi;
- palibe kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa amuna ndi akazi;
- mbalame ndizochepa, kuyambira 9 mpaka 24 cm;
- kulemera kwa mbalame kumafika magalamu 12 mpaka 65;
- mapiko a 32-35 cm.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kumeza
Nyanja imameza... Mikhalidwe yonse yakunja, imafanana ndi nyama zina zonse. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira, ndi milozo imvi pachifuwa. Kukula kwa mbalamezi ndizocheperako kuposa mitundu ina yamtunduwu. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 130 mm, kulemera kwa thupi magalamu 15. Mitunduyi imakhala ku America, Europe ndi Asia, Brazil, India ndi Peru.
Nyamza zam'mphepete mwa nyanja
Kameza amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'matanthwe. Mbalame zingapo zimayang'ana dothi lofewa m'malo otsetsereka a miyala ndikukumba ngalande zoti zizikhalamo. Ngati mbalameyi, ikukumba, ipunthwa pa nthaka yolimba, imasiya kukumba dzenjelo ndikuyambitsa ina.
Maenje awo amatha kutalika kwa mita 1.5. Mink amakumba mopingasa, ndipo chisa chimamangidwa pansi moyenerera. Chisa chimadzazidwa pansi ndi nthenga za mbalame zosiyanasiyana, nthambi ndi tsitsi.
Mbalame zimayikira mazira kamodzi pachaka, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala zidutswa zinayi. Mbalamezi zimaikira mazira pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mbalamezi zimasamalira anapiyewo kwa milungu itatu ndi theka, kenako anapiyewo akuchoka pakhomo pa makolo awo.
Mbalame zimakhala m'madera onse. Ng'ombe zam'madzi zimasakanso m'magulu, zimadumphira pamwamba pa madambo ndi matupi amadzi mbali imodzi, kenako mbali inayo.
Nyanja imameza
Kumeza mzinda... Mbalame yakumeza yakumatauni ili ndi mchira wofupikirako pang'ono, mchira wakuda woyera ndi mimba yoyera. Mapazi a mbalameyi amakhalanso ndi nthenga zoyera. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala kofanana ndi 145 mm, kulemera kwake mpaka magalamu 19.
Kumeza mzindawu amakhala ku Europe, Sakhalin, Japan ndi Asia. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala m'miyala ndi m'mapiri. Komabe, kawirikawiri mbalamezi zimamanga zisa zawo pansi pa madenga a nyumba za anthu ndi nyumba zazitali.
Pachithunzicho, kumeza mzinda
Kumeza nkhokwe... Mbalame yamtunduwu imakhala ndi thupi lokhalitsa pang'ono, mchira wautali kwambiri ndi mphanda, mapiko akuthwa ndi mlomo waukulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mpaka 240 mm ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 20. Nthenga zofiira pakhosi ndi pamphumi. Mbalameyi imasamuka.
Amamanga zisa ku Europe, America, Asia ndi Africa. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimabisala m'mapanga. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mbalame zayamba kumanga zisa m'nyumba za anthu. Swallows makamaka ngati nyumba zakumidzi. Chaka chilichonse mbalamezi zimabwerera kumalo awo akale okhala ndi zisa.
Chisa chimamangidwa ndi matope, chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa m'mbali mwa mitsinje kuti mbalamezi zisamaume pouluka, ndimanyowetsa ndi malovu. Nthambi ndi nthenga zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanga chisa. Zakudya za akameza zimaphatikizapo ntchentche, agulugufe, kafadala ndi udzudzu. Mtundu wa mbalamezi sizimaopa munthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimauluka pafupi naye.
Kumeza nkhokwe
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa swallows
Popeza kuti mbalame zotchedwa swallows nthawi zina zimakhala mbalame zosamuka, zimapanga maulendo ataliatali kawiri pachaka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, gulu lonse la mbalame zimafa. Pafupifupi moyo wonse wa mbalame zazimeza zimachitika mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri sizimapuma.
Ziwalo zawo sizimasinthidwa kuti ziziyenda pansi, ndichifukwa chake zimatsikira kuzitengera zokhazokha zopangira chisa. Zachidziwikire, amatha kungoyenda pansi pang'onopang'ono komanso mopepuka. Koma mlengalenga, mbalamezi zimamasuka kwambiri, zimatha kuuluka pansi kwambiri komanso kumwamba kwambiri.
Pakati pa anthu odutsa, iyi ndi mbalame yothamanga kwambiri, yachiwiri pambuyo pa mbalame yakumeza - yomwe imathamanga. Swift nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi akalulu, chifukwa chake, mbalameyi imafanana kwambiri ndi kameza. Kumeza liwiro ndi 120 km / h. Ali ndi mawu okongola kwambiri, kuyimba kwake kumafanana ndi kulira komwe kumathera ndi trill.
Mverani mawu akumeze
Mbalame zimasaka tizirombo ndi kachilomboka, kamenenso kamakodwa ukuuluka. Zakudya za mbalamezi zimaphatikizaponso ziwala, agulugufe ndi njenjete. Pafupifupi 98% yazakumeza zonse ndi tizilombo. Mbalamezi zimadyetsanso anapiye awo pa ntchentcheyo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mbalame zokhazokha, zimapanga mawiri olimba komanso okhalitsa. Nthawi zina, zowonadi, pamakhala zochitika zamitala pakati pa akalulu. Pawiri amapangidwa ndikufika kwa masika. Ngati awiriawiri apanga bwino ndipo ana anali abwino chaka chatha, awiriawiri amatha zaka zambiri. Amuna amakopa chidwi cha akazi mwa kufalitsa michira yawo ndikulira mofuula.
Kumeza anapiye
Ngati amunawo sanapeze okwatirana m'nyengo yoti akwere, ndiye kuti amalowa nawo awiriawiri. Amuna oterewa amatha kumanga zisa, kumatirira mazira, ndipo kenako amaphatikizana ndi akazi, kupanga mitala.
Nthawi yokometsera mbalame imayamba koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mkazi amatha kuswa ana awiri pa nyengo. Onse makolo akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga nyumbayo. Ntchito yomanga imayamba ndikupanga chimango ndi matope, chokutidwa ndi udzu ndi nthenga.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 4-7. Mzimayi ndi wamwamuna amachita mazira, mazira amatha masiku 16. Anapiye amaswa mpaka kusowa chochita ndi amaliseche.
Makolo onse amasamalira anapiye, kudyetsa ndi kuyeretsa chisa cha ndowe. Anapiye amadya koposa 300 patsiku. Mbalame zokumeza za ana zimagwira midges, zisanapatse anapiye, mbalame zazikulu zimagudubuza chakudya mu mpira.
Kujambulidwa ndi chisa cha namzeze
Anapiye amakhala m’chisa kwa milungu itatu asanayambe kuuluka. Ngati mwana wankhuku agwera m'manja mwa munthu, amayesetsa kuti anyamuke ngakhale sangathe kuuluka. Ataphunzira kuuluka mokwanira, mbalame zazing'ono zimasiya chisa cha makolo awo ndikulowa m'magulu akuluakulu.
Kukula msinkhu kumachitika m'mameza chaka chamawa atabadwa. Mbalame zazing'ono zimapereka ana ochepa poyerekeza ndi achikulire. Avereji Kutalika kwa moyo wakumeza ali ndi zaka 4. Pali zosiyana pamene mbalame zimakhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Kameza ndi mbalame yokongola komanso yosangalatsa. Amamanga nyumba zawo m'nyumba za anthu, osawopa moyo wawo komanso miyoyo ya anapiye awo. Anthu ambiri samayesa ngakhale kuthamangitsa mbalamezo m'nyumba zawo. Ndi mbalame yanji bwanji ayi kumeza mwina ochezeka kwambiri.
