Malo okhala mpheta
M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, pakakhala mbalame zochepa kwambiri, kapena nthawi yotentha kwambiri, pakamveka mawu a mbalame zambiri, kambalame kakang'ono, kofiirira nthawi zonse kamakhala pafupi ndi munthu - mpheta, komwe anthu amazolowera kotero kuti sanazindikire kwanthawi yayitali. Ndipo pachabe.
Mpheta - mbalame yaying'ono, kukula mpaka masentimita 18, komanso osapitirira magalamu 35. Koma ndi anthu ochepa amene amazindikira kuti iyi ndi mbalame yanzeru, yosamala komanso yochenjera.
Kupanda kutero, sakadasankha mnansi wanzeru, wosayembekezereka komanso wowopsa - munthu. Ndipo mpheta sikuti imagwirizana mosavuta, komanso imadzipangira malo atsopano ndi anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, bambo atamwalira, nyongolotsi iyi idasamukira ku Australia, ndikukhazikika kumpoto kwa Yakutia, ngakhale kuvomera tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, ngakhale samakhala komweko. Tsopano pali malo ochepa padziko lapansi omwe sanakhaleko ndi mpheta.
Mpheta sikuuluka kupita kumaiko otentha ndipo, ambiri, imakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala. Komabe, izi sizimulepheretsa kuthawa madera omwe asankhidwa kale kuti akafufuze malo atsopano, opanda anthu.
Zochitika za mpheta
Chofunika kwambiri pa mbalame yosangalatsayi ndikuti imakhazikika pafupi ndi munthu. Izi zasiya chizindikiro pamakhalidwe ake komanso moyo wake wonse.
Mbalameyi imakumbukira bwino kwambiri, imakhala ndi malingaliro atsopano okhudzana ndi machitidwe a anthu, imatha kupanga zisankho ngakhalenso kumanga unyolo womveka.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe adasamala izi, komabe, ngati mukukumbukira, aliyense angavomereze kuti mbalame zimasamala amphaka, koma osamuwopa kwambiri - amatha kudikirira kwa maola kuti apite kwa wodyetsa.
Koma ndi mahatchi, mpheta sizimachita manyazi konse. Zimakhalira limodzi ndi nkhuku ndi akalulu - mwadzidzidzi mbalame imadziwa kuti palibe chiwopsezo kuchokera ku nyama izi, koma nthawi zonse mumatha kudya chakudya chawo.
Amakhala ndi chidwi ndi agalu. M'mayadi akumidzi, momwe agalu samanyalanyaza kukuwa ndi kulira kwa mbalame, mpheta sizimachita mantha kwambiri ndi agalu, koma izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikuti m'bwalo lomwelo, pali galu m'modzi, yemwe khalidwe lake mpheta zimadziwa kale. M'mizinda momwe muli agalu ambiri, mpheta sizimangokhala za agalu.
Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti ngakhale mpheta yakhala moyandikana kwambiri ndi munthu, zimakhala zovuta kugwira mpheta kuposa mbalame ina iliyonse. Ndipo nthawi zambiri simungathe kumuletsa. choncho chithunzi cha mpheta ndi munthu amatha kuwoneka kawirikawiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mpheta
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti mpheta zimakhala ndi khalidwe loipa. Amachita nsanje ndi katundu wawo, ndipo nthawi iliyonse akamakonza ndewu zazikulu (ndi mawere omwewo) pabwalo lawo, paki kapena malo ena ofunda.
Mwa njira, ngati palibe zolepheretsa kuchokera ku mbalame za anthu ena, mpheta zimatha kupanga manyazi ndi abale awo.
Kuphatikiza apo, molimba mtima pazilakolako, sadzapereka chitetezo chokhacho chisa chake. Yemwe sanamve Mpheta mawumakamaka kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Mpheta sizachilendo kukhala chete. Kusuntha kulikonse kwa aliyense kumayambitsa mkokomo wamaganizidwe pagulu la mbalamezi.
Mverani mawu a mpheta
Ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo, pomwe mpheta zimapanga okwatirana, mpheta zimangokonzekera kumenya mbalame. Nkhondo zitha kuyamba padenga la nyumba, panthambi yamtengo, ndikupitilira kumwamba.
Monga lamulo, sizimabwera pamilonda yamagazi, mpheta ndizochenjera kwambiri chifukwa cha izi, ndewu zitatha, anyamatawo amauluka, koma osakhalitsa.
Mitundu ya mpheta
Pali zambiri mbalame zonga mpheta, koma sikofunikira konse kuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya mbalameyi.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya mbalame adziwa bwino mtundu wa mbalameyi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalameyi - pali pafupifupi 22. M'nyengo yathu mutha kupeza 8. Izi ndi izi:
- mpheta ya nyumba;
- munda;
- chisanu (chipale chofewa)
- wamabere akuda;
- mutu wofiira;
- mwala;
- Mpheta ya Mongolia;
- chala chachifupi.
Mwina wina wamvapo zachilendozo mbalame "mpheta-ngamila". Mbalameyi sifanana ndi mpheta, ndipo siidutsa pamtundu uliwonse.
Ili ndi dzina la nthiwatiwa yodziwika bwino, yomwe potanthauzira imatanthauza "mpheta - ngamila". Mitundu yonse yopitilira ili ndi mawonekedwe ena, koma chikhalidwe chachikulu cha mbalameyi ndichofala kwa onse.
Kudyetsa mpheta
Mpheta siingatchulidwe kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali. Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana - kuyambira tizilombo mpaka zinyalala za anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudzichepetsanso sikofunika kwawo, podikirira chidutswa, amatha kudumpha pafupi ndi tebulo la munthu (malo omwera omwera, masitepe apadziko lapansi), ndipo ngati atakhala wosakhazikika, ndikudumphira payekha ndikudziyang'anira.
Komabe, mwakusuntha pang'ono, mbalamezo zimasowa patebulo mozama, kuyesera kukatenga nyenyeswa zokoma.
Ndipo komabe, ngakhale amakhala okonda kukangana komanso kukangana, mbalamezi sizikugwirizana ndi zolakwika pazakudya. Ngati mpheta imodzi yapeza chakudya chochuluka, imathamangira anthu amtundu wina, kenako imangoyamba kudya.
Amasamala chakudya chosazolowereka. Gulu lonse silidya mbale yosadziwika mpaka mpheta imodzi italawa chakudyacho. Ndipo zitatha izi zonse zimauluka pamodzi.
M'midzi yotentha, mbalamezi zimakhala momasuka. Amadula mbewu ndi mbewu zomwe adabzala, amadya zipatso, ndipo mitundu yonse yazida zoletsa sizikhala ndi zotsatira zake.
Komabe, anthu akumidzi amakakamizika kupirira malo oterewa, chifukwa mpheta zimawononga mbozi ndi tizilombo tina.
M'malo mwake, ngati mumayang'ana mpheta, ndiye kuti mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri kudyetsa khola la kalulu kapena chikho cha nkhuku, m'malo mofunafuna mtundu wina wa mphutsi.
Koma izi siziyenera kukhumudwitsidwa. Zakudya za mpheta, zimadalira zakudya zamasamba. Mpheta zimadya tizilombo masika okha, koma podyetsa anapiye. Komabe, zingakhale zovuta kuchotsa tizilombo popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mbalamezi.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mpheta
M'chaka, mpheta zimayamba kumanga zisa. Mbalamezi sizimamatira pachisacho. Kuphatikiza apo, akuyang'ana mwayi uliwonse wosinthira china choyenera nyumba yawo kapena kutenga chisa cha wina.
Mutha kuwona momwe mpheta zimauluka kuchokera mnyumba za mbalame, kuchokera ku zisa za kumeza. Chitoliro chilichonse, mpanda, kukumba nyumba kutero, koma ngati palibe choyenera, mbalame zimayamba kumanga zisa zawo. Nthawi zambiri, zimakonzedwa pansi pamadenga a nyumba, gazebos, m'zipindazo kapena pamitengo.
Mpheta zisa mu chisa
Mkazi amatha kuswa ana atatu pa nyengo. Kuyika koyamba kumachitika kale mu Epulo. Zowona, mawu awa amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo yomwe mbalameyo ili.
Azimayi ena (makamaka a chaka chimodzi) amasankha kuikira mazira mu Meyi. Mbalamezi zimamaliza kumanga mazira mu Ogasiti, pambuyo pake kumangomaliza kusamba.
Nthawi zambiri mkazi amayikira mazira 3-9. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mpheta kumadera akumidzi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mazira ambiri kuposa "okhala m'mizinda".
Pamwambapa takambirana zakumbukiro zabwino za mbalamezi, amadziwa kuti pafupi ndi ziweto zomwe munthu wakumudzi amasunga chaka chonse, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti mbalame zambiri zizidyetsa kuposa momwe zimakhalira mumatauni.
Makolo onse amagawana chisamaliro cha ana chimodzimodzi. Amaswa anapiye pamodzi ndi kuwadyetsanso limodzi.
Mpheta saopa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi nyumba.
Nthawi yoti mbalamezi zigawidwe bwino - ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yoti athwanye ana opitilira mmodzi, chifukwa chake, masiku 4-5 azimayi amathera pakuikira mazira ndikukhalira, ndiye kuti pafupifupi milungu iwiri makolo amadyetsa anapiye muchisa, milungu iwiri ina amakhala akulera anapiye atachoka zisa, ndipo pokhapokha kukonzekereratu kwa clutch yotsatira kumayamba.
Mpheta zimadyetsa anapiye awo choyamba ndi tizilombo, kenaka ndi mbewu, ndiyeno mbewu ndi zipatso za zomera zosiyanasiyana.
Mpheta mdani kapena bwenzi
Zinkadziwika kuti mbalame ndi zolengedwa zothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, tsopano asayansi ayamba kukayikira za phindu la akatswiri ena.
Kotero mpheta inalowa mu "othandizira okayikira". Ndipo komabe, zabwino za mbalame yaying'ono iyi sikungovulaza chabe.
Chokwanira kupereka chitsanzo chapaderadera - kamodzi ku China akawona kuti mpheta zikuwononga zokolola zawo za mpunga, motero mbalameyo idanenedwa kuti ndiye mdani wamkulu, adaphedwa, podziwa kuti mpheta sizingakhale mlengalenga kwa mphindi zopitilira 15.
Anthu achi China sanawalole kuti akhale pansi ndipo mbalamezo zinagwa pansi zitafa kale. Koma zitatha izi mdani weniweni - tizilombo.
Anachulukana kotero kuti kunalibe chakudya cha mpunga chotsalira, ndipo pafupifupi anthu 30 miliyoni anafa ndi njala.
Chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kudabwitsidwa pazomwe mbiri idalemba kale. Zing'onozing'ono mpheta ya mbalame ali ndi malo oyenera m'chilengedwe, ndipo munthu amangofunika kuteteza.
