Ocelot (Leorardus pardalis) ndi nyama yodya nyama, nyama yoyamwa yamphaka. Malo achilengedwe a ocelot, kapena omwe amatchedwa "field jaguar", ndi gawo la America.
Kufotokozera kwa ocelots
Mphaka wokongola modabwitsa, osati wamkulu kwambiri, adadziwika ndi amwenye, omwe adagawana nawo gawo la nkhalango zaku America. Zambiri zakunja zokongola komanso chizolowezi chophunzira, zimapangitsa kuti nyama yotereyi ikhalebe ngakhale kunyumba.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwakutali kwa ocelot wachikulire wogonana kuchokera kumapeto kwa mchira mpaka kumutu kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera mita imodzi mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, ndikutalika kwake kufota mpaka masentimita 50. Kulemera kwa ocelot kumasiyana pakati pa 10-16 kg. Miyendo yokwanira mokwanira imapatsa mphaka wakuthengo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso motalika kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakutsogolo. Pamutu waukulu komanso wolemera pang'ono, wopendekera, maso akulu komanso owoneka bwino amadziwika bwino.
Mtundu waukulu wa malaya ndi bulauni wachikaso, wokhala ndi mawanga akuda kwambiri. Ubweya mkati mwa mphete zovekedwa umakhala wakuda pang'ono kuposa malaya oyambira mozungulira iwo.
Dera la khosi ndi malo amthupi ozungulira mapewa amadziwika ndi kusintha kosalala kwa mawanga kukhala mikwingwirima. Pamatumba a ocelot, chitsanzocho chimayimiriridwa ndi madontho akulu kwambiri. Mbali ya chibwano ndi mimba ndi yoyera, ndipo makutu a mphaka wamkulu wakutchire ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi madontho oyera oyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwakuwoneka, ma ocelots aku America amafanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wautali-wamiyendo yayitali kapena kambuku kakang'ono kakang'ono.
Moyo
Akuluakulu, ma ocelots okhwima mwauzimu samalolera nyama zilizonse zamtundu wawo, chifukwa chake amalemba mkodzo wonunkhira malire a gawo lawo lonse. Zolemba zachilengedwezi zimalola amphaka amthengo kupewa mikangano yosafunikira.
Azimayi okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kudera lotetezedwa ndi amuna. Dera lokhazikika la gawo lamwamuna wamkulu limatha kufikira 30 km2, ndi akazi - mpaka 13-14 km2... Dera lamwamuna nthawi zonse limadutsa magawo awiri ndi akazi amodzi kapena awiri.
Monga lamulo, ma ocelots amakhala okhaokha. Magulu apafupipafupi amapangidwa ndi amphaka amtchire kokha panthawi yokwatirana. Zochita zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ndi nyama zodya nyama pomwe kumayamba mdima. Nthawi yotentha yamasana, omwe amatchedwa "akambuku a pygmy" amakonda kukhala m'mabowo akuluakulu amitengo kapena pakati paudzu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwachilengedwe, ma ocelots amasambira mwachilengedwe, ndipo ndi achangu kwambiri pakukwera mitengo ngakhale m'miyala yolowera..
Utali wamoyo
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, yoyimiriridwa ndi nkhalango zotentha ndi zitsamba, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa ocelot, nthawi zambiri, siyidutsa zaka khumi ndi zinayi, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, atasamalidwa bwino ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, nyama yolusa imatha kukhala kotala zaka zana.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Mphamvu yamphamvu, yokongola modabwitsa komanso yopyapyala imatha kuyimiridwa ndi ma subspecies angapo. Onsewa amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha ku Central America, komanso kumpoto ndi pakati pa South America. Dera lakumpoto kwambiri komwe kumakhala ma ocelots ndi boma la America la Texac. Komanso anthu okwanira amadziwika m'chigawo chakumwera kwa Arizona ku North America.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani akulu achilengedwe a ocelot amadziwika kuti ndi akulu, achiwawa, komanso nyamazi zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zikopa zazikulu. Ngakhale ma boas, ma caimans ndi anacondas atha kusokoneza achinyamata.... Komabe, chiwopsezo chenicheni cha mphaka wamtchire wotere komanso wosowa kwambiri ndi anthu.
Ubweya wa Ocelot ndiwokongola kwambiri ndipo ukufunika pamsika, chifukwa chake, mpaka posachedwa, anali oyenera kutchuka kwambiri ndipo anali wamtengo wapatali. Ndi pazifukwa izi kuti kusaka kwakukulu, kogwira ntchito kwambiri kumachitika kwa nyama zolusa zam'malo otentha. Masiku ano, ma ocelots onse ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ya amphaka amtchire, omwe akuopsezedwa kuti atheratu.
Zakudya za Ocelot
Ocelot ndi msaki wobadwa komanso wochenjera. Pofuna kusaka, ma ocelots nthawi zonse amakhala malo otetezeka komanso osavuta, pomwe nyama yolusayo imatha kusakidwa ndi mphaka wamtchire yemwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso kumva kwa maola ambiri. Ma Ocelots amasaka nyama zazing'ono zingapo mpaka zapakatikati, zomwe zimatha kuyimiridwa ndi akalulu, mitundu yonse ya makoswe ndi agouti, abuluzi ndi mbalame, komanso njoka.
Nthawi zina mphaka wamtchire amatola tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizinyama tating'onoting'ono tating'ono komanso ngakhale amphibiya. Pakusaka, mphaka wamtchire amatha kutsatira nyama yake kwa nthawi yayitali osasiya pogona. Nthawi zina, nkhuku kapena ziweto zimatha kukhala nyama yolanda nyama.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akazi a Ocelot amatha msinkhu ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Amuna amakhala okhwima kwathunthu komanso okonzekera kuswana pambuyo pake, pafupifupi zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Ocelots samasiyana pamalingaliro atsatanetsatane a kubereka, koma, monga lamulo, pachimake pachimake cha zochitika zoswana za nyama zodya nyama zimagwera kuyambira June mpaka Okutobala.
Mimba ya mkaziyo imakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndi theka, kenako mwana wamphongo mmodzi kapena ana awiri amabadwa. Nthawi zina kamwana kakang'ono kakang'ono komanso kolimba kamatha kukhala ndi ana amphaka atatu kapena anayi. Ocelot wamkazi amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri yoyambirira, koma amphaka amakhala odziyimira pawokha azaka ziwiri zokha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chizindikiro cha ocelot ndi kupezeka kumbuyo kwamakutu amalo oyera, kapena otchedwa "maso abodza", omwe samangosocheretsa nyama zina zokha, komanso amathandiza anawo kuti azitsatira amayi awo mosalekeza, osamutaya m'nkhalango zowirira.
Kusunga ma ocelots kunyumba
Ocelot pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwa nyama zokongola kwambiri komanso zosowa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kusungidwa ngakhale kunyumba.... Kupitilira muyeso, kukongola kwapadera ndi chisomo chachilengedwe cha mphaka wamtchire uyu amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi zokongoletsa zenizeni.
Nthawi zambiri, nyamayi imagulidwa m'malo odyetserako ziweto odziwika bwino, pomwe amphaka amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wakhungu wamkazi, kenako mpaka nthawi yogulitsa, amapatsidwa chakudya kuchokera ku nipple.
Ndi njirayi yobereketsa, ma ocelots amakonda kuzolowera anthu koposa zonse, komanso amakula osatekeseka komanso kusewera, okoma mtima komanso achikondi, komabe amphaka kapena amphaka akulu okwanira. Pofuna kupewa chiweto chachilendo choterechi kuti chisalembetse malowa m'nyumba, pakadutsa miyezi inayi, tiana ta tiana tija tiyenera kutayidwa.
Ngati kugula nyama kukonzedwa kuti ipitilire kuswana, ndibwino kuti mupereke khola lotseguka kwa ocelot. Ziweto zotere zimafunikira malo ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso zikhalidwe zomwe zimayandikira kwambiri chilengedwe cha nyama yoyamwa.
Zinthu zabwino zosungira mphaka wamkulu zitha kuperekedwanso m'nyumba yabanja, yomwe imatha kulumikizidwa ndi njira yapadera kupita kuchipinda chokwanira chokwanira chotetezedwa kuthawa kwa nyama.
Mukamakonza ndege, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mpandawo uyenera kukhala wokwera, ndipo malo ocheperako sangakhale ochepera 15-17m2... Mkati mwa aviary, muyenera kupanga kakang'ono, koma ndi malo otsika, dziwe, komanso mitengo yazomera, tchire ndikuyika zingapo zapadera zokonzera kukwera kapena kudumpha mphaka woweta.
Zakudya za anthu achikulire ocelots pafupifupi sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi zakudya zamphaka wakutchire wachilengedwe mwachilengedwe. Maziko azakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku amayenera kuyimilidwa ndi nyama yaiwisi ngati nyama, ng'ombe ndi nkhuku, komanso mbewa zathanzi. Zakudya za mphaka wamkulu woweta zimayenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga nkhuku yaiwisi kapena mazira a zinziri, nsomba zam'nyanja kapena zamtsinje, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri komanso chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Zofunika! Sikuletsedwa kudyetsa nyama ya nkhumba yaiwisi kwa ocelots apanyumba, chifukwa pakadali pano chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka matenda a Aujeszky chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.
Mpaka zaka zitatu, ma ocelots omwe amakhala kunyumba amayenera kulandira zowonjezera zowonjezera mchere wokhala ndi calcium, komanso ma vitamini complexes. Chakudya choyenera cha mphaka wamkulu wazakudya ndichakudya chimodzi kapena ziwiri patsiku, malinga ndi dongosolo lokonzedweratu.
Chakudya choperekedwa kwa nyama yoyamwa chiyenera kukhala kutentha... Monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi 400-500 g, koma kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera msinkhu ndi kulemera kwa chiweto. Zakudya zotsala ziyenera kuchotsedwa kapena kutayidwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe, sewero la chiweto liyenera kuleredwa kuyambira ali aang'ono. Monga lamulo, chiweto chachilendo chotere chimakhala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa komanso luso lokwanira, ndipo ndimakhalidwe ake amatha kufanana ndi galu ndi mphaka nthawi imodzi.
Ma ocelots apanyumba, malinga ndi eni ake, amakonda kusewera ndi mipira yaying'ono ndipo amaphunzitsidwa mosavuta kubweretsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kwa eni ake. Kuti muyende nyamayo, muyenera kugula leash yapadera ndi kolala. Ma ocelots ang'onoang'ono amaphunzira msanga kutchera.
Kukula kwa anthu Ocelot
Chiwerengero cha ocelot wamtchire mwachilengedwe chakhala chikuchepa padziko lonse lapansi... Ngakhale kuti kusaka kwa ocelot tsopano ndikoletsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo kugulitsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ubweya ndikosaloledwa, m'maiko ena, kuwomberana ndi nyama zadyerazi ndizodziwika.
Pofuna kuonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu zinthu zachilengedwe, m'dera America, nkhokwe angapo lalikulu ndi zingamuthandize analengedwa, ndi kusamalira ndi kuswana nyama zachilendo zosowa.
