Makhalidwe ndi malo a hoopoe
Hoopoe (kuchokera ku Latin Upupa epops) ndi mbalame, woimira yekhayo wam'banja la hoopoe mwa dongosolo la Raksheiformes. Kambalame kakang'ono, kotalika masentimita 25-28 ndikulemera mpaka 75 g, mapikowo amafikira 50 cm.
Hoopoe ili ndi mchira wautali wapakatikati, mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi kutalika (pafupifupi masentimita 5), ​​wokhotakhota pang'ono, wamlomo komanso chotseguka chosunthira pamwamba pa korona. Mtundu wa nthenga umasiyanasiyana ndipo umasiyana, kutengera mitundu, kuyambira pinki mpaka bulauni.
Mapiko ndi mchira zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera. Kuchokera pakufotokozera kwa mbalame ya hoopoe, zikuwonekeratu kuti chozizwitsa chaching'ono ichi ndi chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa. Chifukwa cha mphalapala zake zokongola, zosiyana, hoopoe watchuka kwambiri komanso amaimira mbalame.
Mu 2016, pamsonkhano wapachaka, bungwe la Bird Conservation Union la Russian Federation lidasankha hoopoe mbalame ya chaka... Asayansi, pamadera, amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya hoopoe ya mbalame:
1. Hoopoe wamba (kuchokera ku Lat. Upupa epops epops) - miyoyo, kuphatikiza madera akumwera a Russian Federation;
2. Hoopoe waku Senegal (wochokera ku Lat. Upupa epops senegalensis);
3. African hoopoe (kuchokera ku lat. Upupa epops africana);
4. Madagascar hoopoe (kuchokera ku Lat. Upupa epops marginata);
Mbalamezi zimachokera ku Africa, koma pakupanga chisinthiko zimafalikira ku Asia ndi kumwera kwa Europe. M'dziko lathu, ziphuphu zimakhala kumadera a Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl ndi Novgorod.
Adakhazikikanso ku Tatarstan ndi Bashkiria, kumwera kwa Eastern ndi Western Siberia. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku nkhalango za steppe ndi steppe, m'mbali mwa nkhalango, minda yaying'ono. Sakonda nyengo yonyowa.
Kwa nyengo yozizira amasamukira kumwera nyengo yotentha. Zofanana mbalame hoopoe ndi akhwangwala okhala ndi nyanga. Ngakhale oyimira nyamazi ndi okulirapo, mawonekedwe awo akunja ndi hoopoe amatha kuwoneka pachithunzi cha mbalamezi.
Chofanana kwambiri ndi kupezeka pamitu yawo zowoneka bwino, ngati khola la hoopoe. Mbalame zimakhalanso makamaka ku Africa.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa ziphuphu
Hoopoes amagwira ntchito masana ndipo amakhala nthawi ino kufunafuna chakudya choti adzidyetse okha ndi ana awo. Ndi mbalame zokhala ndi akazi okhaokha ndipo amakhala m'mabanja achimuna ndi achikazi moyo wawo wonse, atakhazikika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono chifukwa chouluka nthawi yachisanu.
Pofunafuna chakudya, nthawi zambiri chimatsikira pansi ndipo mosasunthika chimayenda nacho. Powona zoopsa pansi ngati nyama zolusa, imatulutsa madzi amafuta okhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa limodzi ndi zitosi, potero imasokoneza alenje okha.
Ngati mbalameyo izindikira kuti sithawa kuthawa, ndiye kuti hoopoe amabisala pansi, kum'mamatira ndi thupi lake lonse ndi mapiko otambasula, motero amadzibisa kukhala chilengedwe.
Nthawi zambiri, hoopoes ndi mbalame zamanyazi kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amathawa ngakhale phokoso laling'ono lomwe limapangidwa ndi mphepo. Mbalamezi sizimauluka mwachangu, koma kuwuluka kwawo kukuwombana komanso kusunthika, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azibisalira mbalame zomwe sizingasinthe pomwepo.
Kudyetsa Hoopoe
Zakudya za hoopoe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, yomwe imapeza pansi, mumitengo ndikugwira ntchentcheyo. Mphutsi, akangaude, kafadala, ziwala, mbozi, mbozi komanso nkhono zimadyedwa.
Njira yowagwirira ndikosavuta ndipo imachitika mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wautali, womwe hoopoe amatola nyama pansi kapena khungwa la mtengo. Potenga kachilombo pamalo obisalapo, mbalameyo imapha ndi kumenyetsa kwakamwa kwake, ndikuponyera mlengalenga ndikumeza ndi pakamwa pake.
Mitundu ina imathanso kumwa timadzi tokoma ndikudya zipatso. Kawirikawiri, ngakhale kuti ndi ochepa, hoopoes ndi mbalame zolimba kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, hoopoes ndi mbalame zokhazokha ndipo amasankha theka lawo kamodzi kamodzi pa moyo wawo wonse. Amafika pokhwima pogonana pofika chaka chamoyo, pomwe chisankho choyamba chokwatirana chimachitika.
Amuna panthawiyi amakhala aphokoso kwambiri ndipo amatcha akazi ndikulira kwawo. Pofuna kumanga zisa, ma hoopoes amasankha maenje m'mitengo, malo okhala m'mapiri, ndipo nthawi zina amamanga chisa pansi kapena pamizu ya mitengo.
Mverani mawu a hoopoe
Chokha chisa cha hoopoe yaing'ono, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nthambi zingapo ndi masamba ochepa. Feteleza imapezeka m'mitundu yambiri kamodzi pachaka, mumitundu ina yomwe imakhalapo imachitika katatu pachaka.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 4-9 kutengera nyengo yogona. Dzira limodzi limayikidwa tsiku lililonse, ndipo kwa masiku 15-17 otsatira, dzira lililonse limaswana.
Ndikuthyola uku, anapiye omaliza amapezeka tsiku la 25-30. Amuna samasakaniza mazira, panthawiyi amangopeza chakudya chachikazi. Anapiyewo atawonekera, amakhala ndi makolo awo kwa mwezi umodzi, omwe amawadyetsa ndikuwaphunzitsa kukhala mwawokha.
Pakadali pano, anapiye amayamba kuuluka okha ndikudzipezera okha chakudya, pambuyo pake amasiya makolo awo ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Nthawi yayitali ya hoopoe ndi pafupifupi zaka eyiti. Yemwe akuyimira dongosolo longa Raksha ndi mbalame yakale kwambiri, kutchulidwa kwake kumapezeka m'malemba akale, kuphatikiza monga Baibulo ndi Koran.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza mwala zithunzi za mbalame za hoopoe m'mapanga akale a Perisiya. Masiku ano, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza zakutetezedwa kwa mbalame yodabwitsa pamitundu ya anthu ndi maboma, koma nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera.
Kodi tingathandize bwanji mbalame za hoopoe? M'mayiko ena, pofuna kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, amapopera mankhwala othira mankhwala ochepa poizoni, omwe sawononga zamoyo zomwe zikukhalamo komanso kuzidyetsa.
Ndipo amasiya malo enaake kuti azikhala pamenepo. Ndikuganiza kuti ndizotheka kukhazikitsa njirazi mdziko lathu lino kumadera komwe mbalame zokongola za hoopoe zimamanga.
