Chinyama alpaca adawonekera kale ma piramidi aku Egypt. Ndizodabwitsa kuti, kukhala m'mapiri aku South America okha, chinyama chidapulumuka komweko mpaka pano, osasintha gawo loyambirira.
Masiku ano, kukhazikitsidwa kwa alpaca kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndi bizinesi yoyesa komanso yotsika mtengo, yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi kufunikira kwapadera kwachilengedwe chodabwitsa ichi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a alpaca
Masiku ano alpaca ndi amphaka oweta. Ndiwowoneka pang'ono, mpaka 1 mita kutalika, nyamayi yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, yofanana ndi llama yaying'ono kapena mwanawankhosa wokhala ndi ma curls pathupi pake. Kulemera, akuluakulu amafika 70 kg.
Alpaca amadziwika ngati nyama zosawerengeka, zomwe pali magulu awiri okha:
1. Alpaca Huacaya - mtundu wofala kwambiri, amafanizidwa ndi khanda teddy chimbalangondo chifukwa cha malaya ake ofewa komanso owonda.
2. Alpaca Suri - kuwona kosowa. Ubweya ndi wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wamtengo wapatali, wofanana ndi ma curls aatali komanso opindika.
Alpaca amaimira gulu la nyama zamiyendo yoyenda ndikuyenda mothandizidwa ndi phalanges zala. Sangapondere msipu ngati nkhosa kapena mbuzi, popeza zilibe ziboda, koma zimangokhala zotsalira ngati phazi. Miyendo yawo ya miyendo iwiri ili ndi zikhadabo zopindika komanso zopindika.
Mbali yaikulu ya nyama ndi wandiweyani kwambiri ndi tsitsi lalitali, chifukwa iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mkanjo wandiweyani, alpaca anasinthidwa amakhala m'dera lalikulu lamapiri. M'mapiri, kutentha kumayambira tsiku limodzi mpaka 300.
Mbali ya nyama ndi kuthekera kopuma mpweya wowonda. Ubweya wawo umakula mosalekeza, umafika masentimita 30 mbali, ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso osakhwima. Kutalika kwa tsitsi lalikululi komanso chovala chamkati chimakhala chofanana.
Mitundu yamitundu yoyera yoyera mpaka bulauni komanso yakuda, nthawi zina pali alpaca ndi mtundu wa mawanga oyera ndi beige. Makhalidwe apadera a ubweya ndi kupepuka, kufewa, kunyezimira, komwe kumatchedwa "fiber yaumulungu".
Khalani nawo alpaca milomo yamiyendo yamiyendo yamiyala ndi ziboda zokula zolimba nsagwada zakumunsi, zomwe zimawalola kuti azidya mitundu ya zomera zosiyanasiyana. Nyama zimalankhulana wina ndi mzake osati ndi mawu okha, komanso zimagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha thupi chosadziwika kwa munthu: mawonekedwe ena, khutu la khutu, kukhota kwa khosi.
Kuwoloka alpaca ndipo ma llamas amatulutsa ana oyenera kukhala ziweto. Huarisos, monga iwo amatchedwa, amadziwika mosavuta kwa kasamalidwe, kumvera, khalidwe wofatsa. Koma samapereka ana awo.
Malo okhala Alpaca komanso moyo wawo
Makolo a alpaca, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi kafukufuku wa DNA, anali ma vicua kuchokera ku banja la ngamira lopanda mafuta, ndipo ma llamas anali abale apafupi kwambiri. Malo awo okhala ndi South America, kumapiri ku Andes.
Gawoli, m'nkhalango, m'mapiri komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mumakhala nyama pafupifupi 3 miliyoni. M'malo ena, mtunduwu sukumera mwachilengedwe, ngakhale nyama zimatumizidwa kumayiko ambiri padziko lapansi kuti ziswane ndi kuweta ziweto, ma alpaca opitilira 60,000 amakhala ku Australia kokha, ndi ma alpaca 10,000 ku England. Kuyesera kochulukitsa ma alpaca mu Europe ndi Africa kunalephera.
Chidwi cha anthu mu alpaca chidayambira kalekale, pafupifupi theka la zana BC. A Inca akale okhala ndi ubweya, nyama ndi khungu la nyama zomwe zimaswana. Ngakhale manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito - adakhala mafuta. Ubweya wa Alpaca unkatchedwa golide wa Ainka. Masiku ano, kwa anthu okhala ku Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chotumiza kunja. Ndipo kale inali ndalama yakomweko yama Inca.
Kukhala m'mapiri, nyengo yovuta, ma alpaca amalekerera chifukwa cha ubweya wofunda komanso wautali womwe umawaphimba makamaka m'mbali. Potengera mawonekedwe ake, ndiwowirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa nkhosa.
Alpaca nyama mdera lake loyambirira, amatsogolera kuthengo kapena kotentha, mu ukapolo, moyo. Gulu la nyama limadyera m'malo ovuta a kumapiri, pafupifupi pafupi ndi chipale chofewa, pomwe kumamera kanthu koma udzu. Okweza ziweto akufesanso mbewu zina kuti azidyetsa alpaca m'madambo akumaloko.
Mu vivo alpaca amakhala m'gulu... Masana, amakhala okangalika, ndipo usiku nthawi yopuma imayamba. Munthawi imeneyi, muyenera kugaya chakudya chonse chodyedwa, chomwe mwapeza masana.
Adani achilengedwe a zinyama makamaka akowa ndi akambuku. Nyama zazing'ono zikagwidwa, alpaca amateteza okha ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, akumenya mdani ndikulavulira. Nthawi yomweyo, amapanga phokoso lomwe limadziwitsa achibale za zoopsa.
Alpaca mu ukapolo
Kusunga ma alpaca m'ndende sikovuta, ngakhale Amwenyewo adatha kuwachepetsa. Sifunikira zochitika zapadera, nyumba zapadera kapena njira zapadera zodyetsa, chifukwa kuthengo amakhala olimba chifukwa chanyengo yamapiri. Koma winawake chisamaliro cha alpacaamafunikira.
Nthawi zambiri amamanga padoko laling'ono ndi denga kuchokera kumvula kapena chipale chofewa. Chipinda chofunda sichofunikira, chifukwa ubweya wapaderawo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Zakudya sizimasiyana ndi ziweto wamba zodyetsa. Chakudya chokoma ndi kunyambita mchere.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama ndi zolengedwa zokongola komanso zokoma, poyerekeza ndi anthu ndizomvera komanso zosalapa. Ali ndi chidwi chambiri chomwe chingawapweteke ngati china chake chawagwira.
Ndi ouma khosi pazolinga zawo. Monga ngamila ndi abale, alpaca amatha kulavulira. Koma amachita izi m'malo awo okha, makamaka chifukwa chogawa chakudya. Anthu sakukhumudwa ndi chizolowezi ichi.
Chifukwa chamakhalidwe abwino, kulumikizana ndi alpaca ndikothandiza popanga zochitika pakati pa ana olumala ndi okalamba. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina nyama zimawopa, chifukwa chake zimatha kugunda mwendo kapena mutu mwadzidzidzi. Koma m'malo abata, samaukira konse.
Nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama zolemetsa, zimatha kunyamula mpaka 70 kg. Koma ma alpaca amasungidwa, makamaka, chifukwa cha ubweya, womwe ndiwofunika kwambiri. Kalelo, anthu olemera okha ndi omwe amavala zovala zopangidwa ndi ubweya wawo. Iye akadali mmodzi wa okwera mtengo kwambiri lero.
Obereketsa amawononga ndalama zambiri popereka ndi kuswana alpaca. Gulani Ana amaloledwa kokha ku nazale zapadera. Ziweto zobereketsa ndizovuta kwambiri.
Chakudya cha Alpaca
Alpaca ndi mphodza... Amadyetsa zitsamba, masamba, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zomera. Pakusaka chakudya, amayenda pang'onopang'ono, kufunafuna mbewu zopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Muyenera kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi.
Amasiyana ndi zida zina zowotchera ndi mawonekedwe awo, omwe amawapatsa mwayi pakusonkhanitsa forage. Pakamwa pa alpaca ndikofanana ndi milomo ya kalulu, ma incisors ndi angled, amakula mosalekeza, ngati makoswe.
Alpaca ndi odzichepetsa ndiponso yolimba, yosafuna zakudya zambiri kuposa nkhosa zachizolowezi. Ali mu ukapolo, amadyetsedwa chilimwe ndi udzu ndi masamba, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi msipu, masamba, mkate ndi phala. Zakudyazi zitha kukhala zofanana ndi za kavalo. Kuti apeze ubweya wamtundu winawake wapadera, obereketsa amawonjezera mchere wosiyanasiyana.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa alpaca
MU gulu la alpaca ili ndi alpha yamwamuna, kapena mtsogoleri, kumalo ena. Nthawi yokwatirana yakunyumba kwanu imakhala chaka chonse. Kubala ng'ombe imodzi kumatenga miyezi 11. Mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri. Ana a Alpaca amabweretsedwa kamodzi kokha mzaka ziwiri.
Mwana wakhanda wolemera 1 kg amakwera pamapazi ake mu ola limodzi. Mtundu wa malaya ake nthawi zonse amakhala ofewa, koma amasintha pambuyo pake. Kuyamwitsa kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pomwe ng'ombe imalemera makilogalamu 30.
Ma alpaca achichepere amakula msinkhu akafika zaka ziwiri. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zimakhala zaka 25. Koma mu ukapolo, moyo wawo, monga ulamuliro, umatha zaka 7.
Mtengo wa Alpaca
Kuweta ziweto kwa ubweya ndi ntchito yopindulitsa. Mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe, mankhwala opha tizilombo, osatengeka ndi kugubuduza, kukhazikika, kusowa kwa lanolin - mndandanda wosakwanira wa zabwino ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
Ubweya wa nyama yaying'ono ndiwofunika kwambiri komanso ndi wokwera mtengo. Kuchokera kwa munthu m'modzi pazaka ziwiri, mpaka 1 kg imadulidwa kamodzi. Poyerekeza, nyama yayikulu imapereka ubweya wokwana 5 kg. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wazogulitsa umadziwika ndi gulu lamitengo yayikulu: mpango wa alpaca waku Italy umawononga pafupifupi $ 400.
Zipangizo zamakono zimathandiza kupanga zida zapadera. Kuphatikiza kwa akiliriki ndi ubweya alpaca - nsalu Mapangidwe apamwamba. Ambiri amadziwa alpaca bulangeti bulangeti, makalapeti osaneneka.
Mbali ya chisamaliro malaya a alpaca, mipango, zofunda, zopondera kapena zinthu zina ndizosaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito naphthalene. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe za antimole: lavender, fodya kapena mkungudza.
Alpaca yatumikira anthu kwazaka zopitilira chimodzi, kukhalabe cholengedwa chomwe sichimangobweretsanso phindu pamoyo wachuma, komanso chimapatsa munthu kulumikizana kwamtengo wapatali ndi chikhalidwe choyambirira komanso mbiriyakale.
Ndemanga pazinthu zochokera ku alpaca
- Ndidawerenga zambiri za alpaca. Ndemanga chabwino, ndagula bulangeti. Kwa zaka zitatu ngati chatsopano, sichinathe kapena kudetsedwa konse, ngakhale banja lonse limachigwiritsa ntchito, makamaka mukamazizira m'nyumba mdzinja.
- Gulani ubweya wa alpaca lero ndizotheka kulikonse. Mtengo umaluma, koma ndiyofunika. Za ulusi wa alpaca Amagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, zinthu zimatha kusungunuka ndikumangirizidwa pambuyo povala, sizidzaipiraipira. Chachikulu ndichakuti sichitha monga ena.
- Kupanga malaya a Alpaca tsopano yasinthidwa osati kunja kokha, akuchita ku St. Petersburg, Moscow. Chisankho ndi chachikulu, chokha mtengo wa alpaca mkulu. Koma mutha kuvala izi nyengo zingapo osaganizira chilichonse. Sipukuta, kupukusa kapena kuzimiririka. Alpaca!
- Ndinagula malaya a alpaca. Palibe china chosavuta kupeza kugwa. Sikutentha kukatentha, kukazizira sindimazizira. Chochitika chaponseponse nyengo yosakhazikika. Pa chizindikirocho pali nsalu zopangidwa alpaca - Italy, koma osokedwa nafe. Ndikupangira aliyense.
