Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mbawala zamphongo
Roe (Latin Capreolus) - nyama ya banja la agwape, gulu la nyama, gulu la artiodactyls. Mayina ena ndi mbawala zamphongo, mbuzi yamtchire. Iyi ndi mbawala yaing'ono yokoma. Ili ndi thunthu lalifupi lokhala ndi thupi locheperako komanso locheperako poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo.
Kulemera kwachimuna kwamphongo kumakhala makilogalamu 22 mpaka 32, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 108 mpaka 125, kutalika pakufota kumachokera pa masentimita 65 mpaka 80. Mkazi ndi wocheperako pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri samasiyana kwambiri ndi wamwamuna. Maonekedwewo ndi mbawala.
Mutu ndi waufupi, umadutsa kuyambira m'makutu mpaka kumphuno; makutu ndi obulungika ndi kuloza kumapeto; maso ndi aakulu komanso otupa; ana amapusitsa pang'ono; khosi lalitali; miyendo ndi yopyapyala, yakumbuyo ndi yayitali pang'ono kuposa yakutsogolo; ziboda zazing'ono; mchira ndi waung'ono. Mutha kuyang'ana bwinochithunzi cha mbawala zamphongo.
Mwa amuna Nyanga zamphongo imakula yaying'ono, nthambi, yomwe imakula pafupifupi mozungulira. Kutalika kwawo kumakhala masentimita 15 mpaka 30 ndi chikhato cha masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Ali ndi nthambi zitatu, zomwe pakati pake zimayang'ana kutsogolo. Mu mbawala zazing'ono, nyanga zimayamba kukula mwezi wachinayi wamoyo, ndikukula mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Akazi samakula nyanga.
Akuluakulu onse ali ndi malaya amtundu wa monochromatic, koma amasintha kutengera nyengo: munyengo yotentha - mdima wofiira, kuzizira - imvi-bulauni. Mchira umakongoletsedwa ndi banga loyera.
Ana obadwa kumene amakhala ndi malaya odetsedwa. Izi zimawathandiza kubisala pakati pa zomera zobiriwira za m'nkhalango. Pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, utotowo umakhala wofanana ndi akuluakulu ndipo mawangawo amatha pang'onopang'ono.
Pali mitundu isanu ya mbawala zamphongo. Kukula kocheperako kumakhala ndi mitundu yaku Europe (1 - 1.35 m kutalika, 20 - 35 kg kulemera, 0.75 - 0.9 m kutalika), Asia ndi yaying'ono, Siberia ndiye yayikulu kwambiri (pafupifupi kutalika kwake ndi 1.5 m, Kulemera makilogalamu 50).
Malo okhala mbawala
Main Mitundu ya mbawala zamphongo ku Europe. Malo okhala kuyambira pakati pa Scandinavia mpaka Gulf of Finland. Komanso, nyamayi imapezeka m'maiko a Asia Minor, Iran, Iraq, ku Caucasus, pachilumba cha Crimea. Malire a malo okhalamo amadutsanso Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet ndi mayiko ena.
Nthawi zambiri, amasankha nkhalango kuti azikhalamo, makamaka malo omwe ali pafupi ndi zigwa za mitsinje. Komanso, amatha kukhala ku coniferous (koma pamaso pa nkhalango zowirira) komanso nkhalango zowuma. Mitundu ina imamva bwino m'mapiri aku Central Asia. M'madera omwe pali steppe, mulibe chipululu kapena chipululu.
Amakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala chaka chonse. Anthu amasokera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo amakhala kudera linalake. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira kwambiri, gulu la ziweto silikhala ndi mahekitala opitilira 2. M'dzinja ndi masika, amasuntha mtunda wopita makilomita 20.
M'dzinja, amakonda kupita kumadera omwe kuli chipale chofewa pang'ono komanso chakudya chochuluka. Ndikutentha kwamasika, amasamukira kumalo odyetserako chilimwe. M'nyengo yotentha ya chilimwe, amapita kukadya msipu nthawi yadzuwa, ndipo kutentha kukatentha, amagona muudzu kapena tchire.
M'chilimwe, munthu aliyense amakhala kutali pang'ono ndi enawo, kuteteza gawo lake. Nthawi yokhwima ikamatha, amasonkhana m'magulu osiyanasiyana, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 30 ndi 100. Gulu lotere limakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 1000.
Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kudera lina kumawonjezeka kulowera kumpoto mpaka kumwera: mdera la taiga, munthu m'modzi pa mahekitala 1000, m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kuyambira 30 mpaka 60, m'nkhalango - kuyambira pamitu 50 mpaka 120.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa mbawala zamphongo
Nthawi yokhazikika ya mphalapala ili mchilimwe, nthawi yonseyi ndi pafupifupi miyezi itatu (kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka Seputembara). Mwachitsanzo, mumitundu yaku Europe, chiyambi cha ruth chimakhala mu Juni, pomwe mkati Mbawala zaku Siberia - ili pakati pa Ogasiti.
Chiyambi cha ruth chimasiyanasiyana kutengera kutalika kwa ng'ombe. Komanso kupitirira kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo komanso kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, koyambirira ndi tsiku zonse zimayamba. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani nthawi yovutitsa ya mitundu ya ku Austria: m'malo otsika - 20.07 - 07.08, pamapiri - 25.06 - 15.08, m'mapiri - 03.08 - 20.08. Mwa akazi ochepa kwambiri, estrus imayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Seputembara - Disembala).
Munthawi imeneyi, nyama sizisamala, ndipo amuna amasiya kusiya kudyetsa komanso kuthamangitsa zazikazi. Maganizo awo kwa akazi ndiwokwiya - amatha kumenya ndi nyanga. Poyamba, kuthamanga kumachitika mu bwalo lalikulu lalikulu, lalitali - laling'ono m'mimba mwake.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, kufunafuna kumachitika pafupi ndi mtengo, chitsamba kapena dzenje, ndipo njira yoyendamo imakhala ngati eyiti kapena bwalo lozungulira mita 1.5 mpaka 6 m'mimba mwake. Kenako chachikazi chimasiya kuthamanga, chachimuna chimapanga angapo osayenera. Kenako nyama zimapuma.
Mwachilengedwe, kuthengo, nthawi zambiri amuna amodzi amathamangitsa wamkazi m'modzi, osachulukanso ochulukirapo. Ndipo mosemphanitsa - mwamuna m'modzi amathamangitsa wamkazi m'modzi, mocheperako - zochulukirapo. Ngakhale atakhala kanthawi kamodzi, amatha kupanga feteleza azimayi mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi. Roe deer samapanga nthunzi wautali.
Nyama izi ndizokhazokha zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yoberekera (zobisika) - kuchedwa kwakanthawi pakukula kwa dzira la umuna. Nkhumba zamphongo zomwe zimakhala ndi pakati kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira sizikhala ndi nthawi yochezera. Pakati pa mimba, nyama zimachita zinthu mosamalitsa komanso mosamala kwambiri.
Nthawi ya bere imatha miyezi 6-10, koma pafupifupi masabata 40. Mbuzi ku Europe, Crimea ndi Caucasus zidzakhala ndi ana kumapeto kwa masika - koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mbuzi imodzi kapena ziwiri zimabadwa nthawi imodzi, nthawi zina zitatu kapena zinayi.
Nthawi yakubadwa imasinthira kumapeto kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumpoto komanso kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa. Asanabadwe (pafupifupi mwezi umodzi), mbawala yamphongo imakhala ndi dera linalake, komwe ikufuna kuberekera, ndikuchotsa anthu ena.
Nthawi zambiri, amakonda malo m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'ziyangoyango za tchire kapena udzu, momwe mungabisalire bwino ndikukhala ndi chakudya chambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kubereka kumachitika masana komanso pamalo omwewo chaka ndi chaka.
Roe deer, wobadwa, ali mu zitsamba pafupifupi sabata. Popeza akadali osowa chochita, mayiyo samapita patali. Pambuyo pa sabata, anawo akuyamba kutsatira amayi awo, ndipo pakatha awiri, samamusiya.
Amayamwa mkaka mpaka miyezi itatu, ngakhale amayamba kudya udzu kuyambira mwezi woyamba. Pamapeto pa chikwapu (munthawi yake, khalani patali, kuti mwamuna wamakani asavulaze kapena kupha) azitsatira mayi mpaka masika.
Kudyetsa nswala
Munthawi yomwe kulibe chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, zitsamba zowononga herbaceous ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za mbawala zamphongo. Pakayamba nyengo yozizira komanso chipale chofewa chimaphulika, mphukira za tchire zimawonjezeredwa, nthawi zambiri mphukira za paini kapena spruce.
Amakonda zipatso (mapiri phulusa, viburnum, mbalame yamatcheri, mabulosi abulu, mabulosi abulu, lingonberries ndi ena ambiri), ndipo samanyalanyaza bowa. Amatha kutola maapulo, ngati alipo, kapena kudya phulusa lamapiri.
M'miyezi yotentha, amafunika kukulitsa zakudya ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, amapita kunyambita zamchere zopangidwa mwachilengedwe komanso mwanzeru. Kwenikweni, kunyambita kwa mchere kumachitika kangapo pachaka: Epulo-Meyi, Julayi, isanakwane komanso itatha, Seputembara-Okutobala.
Mavuto akulu kwambiri amakumanapo mbawala zamphongo m'nyengo yoziziramakamaka mu theka lachiwiri. Pakadali pano, amadya udzu womwe umawonekera pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, amatha kuswa chisanu ndikudya udzu womwe ukucheperachepera.
Kapenanso akuyang'ana malo omwe awombedwa ndi mphepo (pafupi ndi miyala ndi miyala). Ngati chipale chofewa chimakhala cholimba komanso chovuta kuchipeza, amayang'ana nthambi za zitsamba ndi mitengo yazitsamba (monga aspen, birch).
Roe kusaka nyama
Gwape wa Roe amadziwika kuti ndiwosaka nyama kumadera akumwera chifukwa choberekanso kwambiri. Komanso, mbawala zamphongo amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza komanso opatsa thanzi. M'mayiko ambiri akummawa mbawala zamphongo ndi chakudya chokoma wamba.
Iwo amene samasaka amatha kugula nyama ya mbawala zamphongo. Ipezeka pamalonda komanso pa intaneti. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi momwe mungaphikire mphalapalaPali maphikidwe ambiri a mbawala zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti.
Pali mitundu ingapo Roe kusaka nyama:
- ndi agalu
- kukwera
- kutsatira
- Sonkhanitsani.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kusaka nthawi zambiri roe mwachinyengo, yomwe ili mitundu iwiri. Alenje ena kusaka ndi kuwalamwa kuyika chida chapadera pagalimoto, chotchedwa nyali yoyatsira.
Popeza mbawala zamphongo zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri usiku, mbawala zamphongo zimasakidwa usiku. Chilolezo chosaka nyama zam'mimba chimaperekedwa kuti chiwombere munthu m'modzi pachaka ndipo chimadula pafupifupi 400 rubles.
