Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a panda wofiira
Panda wofiira Ndi chinyama chomwe chili cha zinyama zochokera kubanja la panda. Dzinalo limachokera ku Chilatini "Ailurus fulgens", kutanthauza "mphaka wamoto", "chimbalangondo". Pali zolemba za nyama yodabwitsa iyi ku China kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 13, koma aku Europe adangodziwa za izi m'zaka za zana la 19.
Panda wofiira adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ntchito ya akatswiri azachilengedwe a Thomas Hardwick ndi Frederic Cuvier. Anthu awiriwa adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa sayansi ndipo adapeza imodzi mwazinyama zocheperako zinayi padziko lonse lapansi.
Panda wofiira nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi mphaka, koma nyama izi sizofanana kwenikweni. Ngakhale kuti mitundu iyi ya panda amaonedwa kuti ndi yaying'ono, ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa mphaka wamba wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 50-60, ndipo mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala mpaka masentimita 50. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo ndi 3.8-6.2 kilogalamu, ndipo kulemera kwake kwazimayi kumakhala pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 4.2-6.
Thupi limakhala lalitali, lalitali. Ali ndi mchira waukulu wotuluka, womwe umagwira gawo lofunikira pamoyo wa chinyama ichi. Mutu wa panda wofiira ndi wotakata, wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi, yopingasa pang'ono komanso yakuthwa, makutu ake ndi ang'ono komanso ozungulira.
Maphaka ndi ochepa kukula, komabe, amphamvu komanso olimba, okhala ndi zikhadabo zomwe zimatha kubweza. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama imakwera mosavuta pamitengo ndikugwiritsitsa nthambi, komanso imatsikira pansi mosavuta, mosamala komanso mwachisomo chapadera.
Mtundu wa panda wofiira ndi wachilendo komanso wokongola kwambiri. Chovala chanyama chimakhala chosakanikirana, nthawi zambiri ndimachichepetsera chakuda kapena chakuda, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba chimakhala chofiira kapena chopanda pake.
Kumbuyo, tsitsi limakhala ndi maupangiri achikaso osati ofiira. Miyendo ndi yakuda kwenikweni, koma mutu ndi wopepuka, ndipo nsonga zamakutu ndi zoyera kwathunthu, ngati kujambula chigoba kumaso.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti mawonekedwe omwe ali pankhope ya panda yofiira ndiopadera komanso apadera pa nyama iliyonse, mwachilengedwe mulibe mitundu iwiri yofanana. Mchira ulinso ndi mtundu wosazolowereka, mtundu waukulu ndi wofiira, ndipo mphete zowonda zimawonekera, mitundu yambiri yopepuka.
Tisaiwale kuti mfundo yakuti panda yofiira imaphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book ngati nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Gulu ili la nyama limatchulidwa kuti lili pangozi, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali anthu 2,500 mpaka 10,000 omwe atsala padziko lapansi.
M'malo ake achilengedwe, mulibe adani a panda yofiira, komabe, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndikupha pafupifupi anthu onse. Ubweya wawo wokongola kwambiri umapangitsa nyamazi kukhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali pamsika, chifukwa chake pali nkhanza kusaka nyama yofiira, momwe ambiri amafa akulu ndi ana.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kujambula ndi panda yofiira amawoneka okoma mtima kwambiri komanso achikondi, mwachilengedwe amayenera kumenyera nkhondo kuti akhale ndi moyo, koma ambiri, amakhala amtendere komanso ochezeka.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti panda ndiyosavuta kuyimitsa, koma imakhazikika mosavuta mu ukapolo, m'malo okhalamo. Panda adatchulidwa mu Red Book, kotero tsopano akatswiri akuchita zonse zotheka kuti "zimbalangondo" zokongolazi zisathe konse.
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, moyo wa panda wofiira umakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake, kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo ndi kubadwa kwa anthu atsopano, amapanga zonse panda.
Tsopano pali umboni kuti nyama pafupifupi 350 zimakhala m'malo osungira 85 padziko lonse lapansi, momwe zimapatsidwa zofunikira pamoyo wawo ndi chakudya. Pali nthawi zina pomwe ma pandas ofiira amasangalala ndi kubadwa kwa ana awo, ngakhale ali mu ukapolo.
M'dera lawo lachilengedwe, ma pandas amakhala usiku kwambiri. Masana, amakonda kupumula, kugona mdzenje, kwinaku akupinda mpira ndipo nthawi zonse amaphimba mutu wawo ndi mchira wawo. Ngati nyama iwona zoopsa, imakweranso pamwamba pamtengo, ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wake, imadzibisa pamenepo.
Mitengo ndi malo omasuka kwambiri kwa iwo kuposa malo athyathyathya, pomwe ma pandas ofiira samakhala omasuka ndikusuntha moyipa komanso pang'onopang'ono. Komabe ayenera kupita pansi kukafunafuna chakudya. Pandas ali ndi chilankhulo chawo, chomwe chimafanana ndi mluzu kapena kulira kwa mbalame. Nyama zimapanga phokoso lalifupi lomwe zimawathandiza kulankhulana.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa panda wofiira
Nyengo yoswana ya panda wofiira ili mu Januware. Kubereka ndi kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo munyamayi kumachitika mwanjira yapadera. Pandas ali ndi zotchedwa kutsekeka, komwe kumatha kukhala kosiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti, ino ndi nthawi pakati pa kutenga pakati ndikukula kwa mwana mthupi la mayi. Kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 50, koma mwana asanabadwe, poganizira kusintha kwa thupi, zimatha kutenga masiku opitilira 120.
Chizindikiro choti mwana wakhanda abadwa posachedwa ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "chisa" chomwe amayi a panda amamanga mu dzenje la mtengo kuchokera kuma nthambi ndi masamba. Pamalo obisikawa, pamapezeka ana ang'onoang'ono, olemera pafupifupi magalamu 100, pomwe ali akhungu komanso ogontha.
Kujambula ndi panda yofiira yokhala ndi mwana
Mtundu wa wakhanda umasiyana kuyambira beige mpaka imvi, koma osati wofiira wamoto. Monga lamulo, mkazi amabala ana 1-2, koma zimachitika kuti zinayi nthawi imodzi, komabe, m'modzi yekha amapulumuka.
Ana amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafunikira chisamaliro. Patsiku la 18 lokha amatsegula maso awo, ndipo pofika miyezi itatu amayamba kudya chakudya chotafuna.
Nthawi yomweyo, kwa nthawi yoyamba, amasiya "chisa" chawo kuti akapeze luso lopeza chakudya paokha. Pafupifupi miyezi itatu, mtundu wa malaya amasinthanso, tsiku lililonse mwana wamphongoyo amakhala ngati makolo ake.
Anawo akamakula ndikakhala ndi mtundu wachikulire, iwo, pamodzi ndi amayi awo, amachoka pamalo osangalatsa pomwe amakhala ndikuyamba kuyendayenda, kukafufuza malowo.
Ali ndi zaka 1.5, ma pandas achichepere amafika pokhwima, komabe, pandas zaka 2-3 amawerengedwa kuti ndi achikulire. Panda wofiira amatha kubweretsa ana kamodzi pachaka, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo sikungakwere mwachangu, zimatenga zaka zambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, pandas ofiira amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10. Pali nthawi zina pamene pandas amakhala zaka 15, koma kupatula apo. Ali mu ukapolo, m'malo opangidwira iwo, ma pandas ofiira amakhala nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka 12. Panali vuto pomwe panda idakhala zaka pafupifupi 19.
Chakudya
Ngakhale ndimaika pandas ofiira ngati nyama zodya nyama, pafupifupi zakudya zonse ndimasamba. Pandas amawerengedwa kuti ndi odyetsa chifukwa chamapangidwe apadera am'mimba, osati chifukwa chakudya kwawo.
Mphukira zazing'ono za msungwi, zipatso, bowa, ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zokomera panda yofiira. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mazira a mbalame amapanga 5% yazakudya zomwe amadya.
Popeza nyama zimadya zakudya zopatsa mafuta ochepa, zimafunika kuyamwa pafupifupi kilogalamu 2 za chakudya patsiku kuti zipatse mphamvu zofunikira mthupi.
Ngati panda wamng'ono amadyetsa nsungwi zazing'ono, ndiye kuti amafunika kudya makilogalamu oposa 4 patsiku. Kuti achite izi, adzafunika pafupifupi maola 14-16. Chifukwa chake, panda amatafuna zochita zake masana onse.
M'malo osungira nyama, ndimadyetsa nyama yambewu ndi tirigu ndi mkaka (makamaka mpunga) kuti ndiwonjeze kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe ndimadya. Mwambiri, chakudya cha panda wofiira ndichapadera, kotero kwa iwo omwe amakonda kukhala ndi ziweto monga ziweto, zimakhala zovuta kupereka chakudya chabwino.
Ngati chakudyacho chili chopanda malire, ndiye kuti panda yofiira imayamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana am'mimba, ndipo izi zimatha kubweretsa kufa kwa nyama.
