Sungani - kanyama kakang'ono kochokera kubanja la weasel, lomwe limadziwika osati kokha chifukwa cha ubweya wake wapadera, komanso chifukwa cha nthano zomwe zimakhudzana ndi umunthu wake.
Anthu olemekezeka amalemekeza kwambiri chilombo chodabwitsachi chifukwa chakuti, malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zake, amasamalira bwino khungu lake, ndipo amamwalira ngati dothi likuwoneka pa ubweya wake woyera. Chifukwa chake, ubweya wake udakongoletsa zovala ndi zipewa za oweruza, komanso adakhala ngati chokongoletsera cha madiresi achifumu.
Ngakhale zaluso, nyama iyi imagwidwa ngati chizindikiro cha kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, otchuka kwambiri chithunzi cha dona yemwe ali ndi ermine lolembedwa ndi Leonardo da Vinci, nyama yokongolayi imagogomezera za chikhalidwe ndi kukongola kwamakhalidwe a Cecilia Galleroni - mayi yemwe amadziwika chifukwa cha mfundo zake zamakhalidwe abwino, komanso maphunziro ake.
Ndipo ngakhale idatisiyanitsa ndi zaka zana zomwe Leonardo da Vinci adakhala, ermine akadali nyama yabwino komanso yosiririka, ndipo chifukwa cha kukongola kwake.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a ermine
Ermine ndi gawo la gulu la weasel, ndipo kunja kumafanana ndi weasel, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka. Komabe, mukafufuza mwatsatanetsatane, mutha kuwona kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiriyo. Weasel ndi wocheperako ndipo alibe mchira wautali kwambiri, ndipo ubweya wake ndi wosiyana pang'ono.
Kufotokozera kwa ermine:
- Thupi lokoma komanso losinthasintha, lotalika masentimita 20 mpaka 30.
- Mchira wautali 7-11cm.
- Kulemera kwa nyama yokhwima nthawi zambiri kumakhala mpaka 200 g.
- Amuna amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyamazi zimadzitama ndi ubweya wamalankhulidwe awiri. Mutu ndi msana ndi zofiirira, koma chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zoyera ndikumakhudza pang'ono chikasu. Ndipo apa ermine m'nyengo yozizira - ndi nkhani yosiyana kotheratu.
Pakayamba nyengo yozizira, ubweya wa nyama yobala ubweyawu umakhala woyera ngati chipale, wandiweyani komanso wonyezimira, kokha nsonga yamchira siimasintha utoto ndipo imakhala yakuda chaka chonse. Ndi ubweya wa ermine wachisanu womwe umayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri azovala za ubweya.
Malo okhala ermine ndi akulu. Amapezeka ku Europe ku Russia, komanso ku Siberia, komanso ku North America. Anabweretsedwanso ku New Zealand, ngati njira yolimbana ndi akalulu. Only mu Russian pali 9 subspecies a nyama.
Tikayang'ana malo omwe nyama zimakonda, ndiye ermine nyama wokonda madzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale ubweya wake uli wamtengo wapatali, amakonda kumanga nyumba pafupi ndi midzi ya anthu.
Ali ndi chidwi chokwanira, koma sakonda malo otseguka. Amakhala moyo wokhala payekhapayekha ndipo amakhala ndi chinsinsi chapadera m'malire a gawo lake.
Ermine ndi nyama yanzeru ndipo siyaphatikizidwa ndi nyumba yake, ngati pali chakudya chochepa, ndiye kuti nyamayi imachoka mnyumba zawo ndikusamukira kumadera abwino.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ermineyo siyimakumba maenje, koma imabwereka ku makoswe, omwe amasaka, kapena kukhazikika pamabwinja. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa maenje ndi zikopa za nyama zophedwa.
Zakudya za ermine ndizosiyanasiyana: makoswe akulu, monga chipmunks, mbalame, mazira a mbalame, nsomba, ngakhale abuluzi. Akazi ndi osaka mwaluso kuposa amuna. Njira yophera nyama ndikuluma m'dera la occipital.
Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa mizinda ya anthu komanso ermine kusaka zinapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtunduwu zobala ubweya zikuchepa. Lero, chifukwa cha ubweya wake wamtengo wapatali, mtundu uwu uli pachiwopsezo, chifukwa chake anthu amayenera kuteteza. Ndipo chifukwa chake fufuzani Olembedwa mu buku lofiira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa ermine
Nyama yobala ubweya imeneyi imakhalako kwakanthawi kochepa, pafupifupi zaka 1-2, azaka zana amatha kufikira zaka 7. Kukula msinkhu mwa amuna kumachitika miyezi 11-14, koma akazi amakhala okonzeka kubereka pafupifupi kuyambira kubadwa. Wamwamuna amatha kuthira chachikazi pakadutsa miyezi 2. Kuberekana mumtundu uwu kumachitika kamodzi pachaka.
Amuna amagwira ntchito miyezi 4 (kuyambira February mpaka June), koma ng'ombe zimangowonekera mu Epulo kapena Meyi chaka chamawa. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti nthawi yoti bere la mkazi limayamba ndi gawo lomwe limatchedwa kuti latent, pomwe mazirawo samakula. Gawo ili limatha mpaka miyezi 9, pomwe nthawi yonse yamimba imatha kufikira miyezi 10.
Kawirikawiri mkazi amabweretsa kuyambira ana 3 mpaka 10, koma chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana amatha kufika 20. Ana obadwa kumene alibe chochita. Iwo ndi akhungu, opanda mano komanso pafupifupi dazi.
Mkazi amawasamalira. Samatuluka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi wina amakhala osiyana ndi akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, pa "banja" zithunzi za masitayilo zidzakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi amayi.
Chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ndi ubweya wa ermine. Ngakhale basi zithunzi za masitayilo amatha kufotokoza kukongola konse kwa malaya ake aubweya, makamaka nthawi yachisanu. Ubweya wake ndiwofunika kulemera kwake ndi golidi, koma chodabwitsa ermine odula ubweya - wokongola kwambiri. Kupatula apo, mawonekedwe, utoto ndi ubweya waubweya zili bwino kwambiri, koma kuvala chinthu chotere ndikovuta kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri pakukhudza kwake, ubweya wa nyama iyi, siwokhazikika kwambiri. Zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo ziyenera kuvalidwa mosamala kwambiri, kupewa mikangano yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, posoka malaya amoto, matumba ochepera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndichifukwa chake mankhwalawa sangatchedwe otentha mwina.
Koma ngakhale pali zovuta izi, ndi anthu olemera okha okha omwe angakwanitse kugula chinthu cha ubweya. Mtengo wokhazikika, kapena kani, pazinthu zopangidwa ndi ubweya wake ndizokwera kwambiri chifukwa chake ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe amasankha chovala chaubweya chinyama ichi. Nthawi zambiri fufuzani imagwiritsidwa ntchito kungomaliza kukongoletsa kwa zinthu zina, ndipo izi zitha kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo wa chinthu.
