Carp Ndi dzina lasayansi la carp yamtsinje. Nsombazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa anthu odziwika bwino komanso omwe amapezeka m'madzi. Pafupifupi msodzi aliyense amalota kuti atenge chikho cha carp. Malo a carp ndi ochulukirapo. Kusamuka ndi kwachilendo kwa iwo, amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse mosungira komweko.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Carp
Carp ndi ya nyama zovutitsa. Osankhidwa m'gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray, mtundu wa carp, banja la carp, mtundu wa carp, mitundu ya carp.
Carps ndi ena mwa nsomba zotchuka kwambiri. Asayansi sanatchulebe nthawi yeniyeni yomwe adawonekera padziko lapansi. Ena amati zotsalira za makolo akale a nsomba zinawonongedweratu ndi chilengedwe komanso nyengo. Komabe, ndizodziwika bwino kuti pafupifupi zaka 300-350 miliyoni zapitazo, Dziko lapansi linali ndi makolo a nsomba zamakono - Acrania. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zotsalira zazakale zazilombozi. Kunja, amafanana kwambiri ndi nsomba zamakono, koma analibe chigaza, ubongo, nsagwada ndi zipsepse.
Kanema: Carp
Asayansi ambiri amatsutsanabe pomwe panali makolo akale a nsomba zamakono - zatsopano kapena zamchere. Pankhaniyi, pali mtundu womwe ngakhale annelids atha kukhala makolo.
Asayansi ena amati oimira oyamba a nsomba zamakono amakono adakhalako zaka 450 miliyoni zapitazo. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza zinthu zakale zakale zomwe zinalembedwa molakwika ndi zotsalira za makolo akale a nsomba zamakono. Zotsalirazi zikukumbutsa za mitundu yamakono yazamoyo zam'madzi. Komabe, thupi lawo linali lodzaza ndi chipolopolo, analibe nsagwada.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Carp fish
Carp ndi ya banja la carp. Pali zinthu zingapo zakunja kwake.
Zosiyanitsa zakunja:
- wandiweyani, wokulirapo komanso wamkulu, thupi lokulirapo pang'ono;
- mzere wakumbuyo wakutsogolo ndi mbali zopanikizika pang'ono;
- chachikulu, chachikulu mutu;
- otsika, milomo yayikulu, yolimba;
- pamlomo wapansi pali ma pevu awiri awiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chopeza chakudya pomverera pansi;
- maso osakulirapo ndi iris wofiirira;
- utali wautali wakuda wamdima wokhala ndi notch yodziwika;
- kumatako kumapeto ofiira;
- zipsepse zina ndi imvi - lilac;
- thupi la nsombali lakutidwa ndi mamba agolide wandiweyani. Ndizosalala komanso zazikulu.
Chosangalatsa: Carp yakula zaka zisanu ndi zitatu za moyo wake. Anthu ena amakula kukula kwakukulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba iliyonse kumatha kufikira masentimita 60-70 ndipo nthawi zina kupitilira apo. Pafupifupi kulemera kwa nsomba zamtundu wa 1.5 mpaka 3.5 kilogalamu. Mbiri yalemba zochitika pomwe asodzi adagwira anthu opitilira mita imodzi ndikulemera makilogalamu oposa 15-17!
Msana wa carp umakhala wobiriwira nthawi zonse, wonyezimira, wagolide. Mbali ndi pamimba ndizodera. Pali mitundu ingapo ya carp, iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja apadera.
Kodi carp amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Carp mumtsinje
Ambiri mwa omwe akuyimira mitunduyi amakhala pansi, amakhala m'dera lodziwika bwino. Gulu la nsomba limakhala moyo wake wonse mderali. Komabe, pali nsomba zomwe zitha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Amakonda kusamuka kunyanja ndi m'madziwe kupita m'mayiwe panthawi yopuma.
Carp, kapena carp, amawerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba zamadzi amchere, koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imakhala mkatikati mwa nyanja. Madera omwe ali ndi phokoso locheperako amasankhidwa ngati malo okhala nsomba. Amakhalanso omasuka m'madzi osayenda. Kumalo komwe carp imapezeka, pansi pamatope, pamakhala mitengo, mitengo, algae, maenje.
Chosangalatsa: Pakamwa pa carp pali mizere itatu ya mano otafuna pang'ono. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nsomba zimatha kupera pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse, kuphatikizapo nkhono za mollusks.
Muyeso waukulu wa kukhalapo kwa carp ndi chakudya chokwanira pansi pamadzi. Madzi amchere samabweretsa mavuto komanso kusokoneza nsomba. Amatha kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse: malo osungira, nyanja, mitsinje, mayiwe, ndi zina zambiri. Ndi zachilendo kwa carp kusambira kutali ndi komwe amakhala.
Malo okhala nsomba:
- Nyanja ya Mediterranean;
- Nyanja ya Aral;
- Nyanja ya Azov;
- Nyanja Yakuda;
- Nyanja ya Caspian;
- Nyanja ya Baltic;
- Nyanja Kumpoto;
- Nyanja ya Issyk-Kul ku Kyrgyzstan;
- madera ena ku Kamchatka ndi Siberia;
- mitsinje ya Far East;
- China;
- Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia;
- mitsinje ya Volga, Kura, Don, Kuban.
Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti oimira mitundu iyi amakonda kutentha kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nsombayo imakonda kukhala mgulu lamadzi ofunda. Kutentha kokwanira kwambiri kumakhala madigiri + 25. Nsomba ndizovuta kupilira mphepo kuchokera kumpoto ndikusintha kwanyengo ndi nyengo. Ngati nyengo ikusintha kwambiri, mphepo yozizira imakwera kapena kudumphadumpha kwakanthawi mumlengalenga, nsomba zimabisala pansi pa nkhuni kapena m'mayenje pansi.
Kodi carp imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Carp under water
Carp ili ndi mizere itatu ya mano akulu, akuthwa. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nsomba zimatha kupukusa ngakhale chakudya cholimba kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nsombazi zilibe m'mimba, chifukwa chake zimatha kudya chakudya pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Poyambira masika, pambuyo pa chakudya chamagulu ozizira, chomwe chimakhala ndi ndere ndi mitundu ina ya zomera, chakudya chimakhala chosiyanasiyana komanso chopatsa thanzi. Ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe, amatha kudya oimira nyama ndi nyama zam'madzi.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya za carp:
- mbewu za m'madzi;
- bango mphukira;
- duckweed;
- moyo wosavuta wam'madzi - ma ciliates;
- mapulaneti am'madzi;
- ozungulira;
- mphutsi za tizilombo ta m'madzi;
- ziphuphu;
- caviar ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba;
- caviar wa chule;
- nyongolotsi;
- ma molluscs ang'ono ndi nkhanu;
- caddwgwiti;
- kafadala;
- daphnia;
- njenjete.
Masika, nsomba zimatha kudya mbewu, nthaka ndi madzi, masamba, ndi zimayambira. Kutentha ndi nyengo yachilimwe kumathandizira kukonzanso chakudya ndi nthumwi za nyama. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi yotentha m'madzi mumakhala tizilombo tambiri, tizinyalala tating'onoting'ono ndi nkhanu, ndipo nthawi yopuma pamakhala mazira ochuluka amitundu yonse ya nsomba.
Nyengo yozizira ikayamba, nsomba zimalowa mu matope kapena zimabisala m'maenje ndipo sizimadya chilichonse mpaka kutentha. Achinyamata amayamba kudya ma caviar ndi mphutsi za tizilombo ta m'madzi, pang'onopang'ono zimadzaza chakudyacho ndi nthumwi zowonjezereka za nyama. Carp sidzapezekanso komwe kulibe chakudya chokwanira. Izi ndichifukwa choti zaka 7-8 zoyambirira za nsomba zimakula kwambiri ndipo amafunikira chakudya chochuluka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Carp ku Russia
Anthu ambiri amtunduwu ndi nsomba zamadzi, zomwe sizimangoyenda mtunda wautali. Komabe, m'malo ena pali anthu okhala m'madzi omwe amakhala omasuka m'malo otere ndipo amatha kuberekana m'madzi amchere. Oimira ena amtunduwu amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi dontho lakuthwa kapena m'nkhalango zowirira zazitsamba ndi maluwa.
Carp ndi nsomba yophunzirira. Amakhala nthawi zambiri ngati gawo la paketi, kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kukula kwake. Nsomba zing'onozing'ono, sukulu imakulirakulira. Imagwira ntchito kwambiri mumdima, ikasambira ikubisala pofunafuna chakudya. Madzulo ndi m'bandakucha, amakonda kusambira pafupi ndi gombe kukafunafuna chakudya, chomwe chimanyamulidwa ndi pano kuchokera pagombe. M'nyengo yotentha, imatha kusambira kupita kumchenga kuti ikangokhalira kupuma.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, nsomba m'masukulu akulu zimabisala pansi, zikubowola mu matope ndikukhazikika m'mabowo ozama kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, carp samadya chilichonse, popeza chakudya chimasowa, ndipo chifukwa cha kuzizira, nsomba zimakhala ndi moyo wosasunthika. Oimira amtunduwu amakhala osamala kwambiri, amayesetsa kupewa malo omwe amapezeka nsomba zina zolusa: mphaka, pike, pike perch.
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimapatsidwa maso abwino komanso kumva bwino. Kusuntha pang'ono kapena phokoso lingamuwopseze. Pofunafuna chakudya, anthu sagwiritsa ntchito masomphenya okha, komanso masharubu apadera. Chakudya chilichonse chomwe amakwanitsa kupeza chimakhala chokoma ndi kuyamika kwa nthawi yayitali asanadulidwe ndikumeza, kupatula ndere.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Carp
Amuna amakula msinkhu wazaka pafupifupi 2.9-3.3. Pakadali pano, amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 30-35. Akazi amakhala okhwima pogonana patapita nthawi - ali ndi zaka 4-5. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumapitilira kutalika kwa thupi la amuna ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15.
Chosangalatsa: Carp wamkazi amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pa nthawi yobereka, amatha kuponya mazira okwana miliyoni ndi theka nthawi imodzi!
Amayi amabala nthawi yomwe madzi amatentha mpaka madigiri 16-20. Kuberekana kwa nsombazi kumadziwika chifukwa chodziwika komanso modabwitsa. Nsomba zimaswana m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono, momwe mumakhala mkazi mmodzi ndi amuna awiri kapena atatu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika madzulo kapena usiku m'madzi osaya m'mitengo kapena mabzala ena am'madzi. Pakadali pano, mutha kumva kuphulika kambiri, komwe kumawonekera amuna akamatuluka m'madzi. Pamalo poberekera, nsomba zimasonkhana nthawi isanakwane, pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka isanayambike, ndikukhala pakuya kwa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka awiri.
Kusamba kumayamba madzi akatentha mokwanira. Izi zimachitika pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi. Kubzala kumapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni. Amayi nthawi zambiri amabereka masitepe angapo, kutengera kutentha kwamadzi. Mazira a Carp amakhala achikasu mtundu umodzi ndi theka mpaka awiri millimeters m'mimba mwake. Nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa kuzomera zam'madzi. Mazira amadyera thumba lachikasu. Pakatha masiku angapo, mazirawo amakhala achangu. Zimakhala zotheka ndipo zimatha kudya zokha. Akamakula, mwachangu amawonjezera zakudya zawo.
Adani achilengedwe a carp
Chithunzi: Carp fish
M'khola lawo lachilengedwe, carp ili ndi adani ambiri. Mmodzi mwa adani akuluakulu ndi chule, yemwe amadya mwachangu ndi mphutsi za nsombazi. Kwa achinyamata komanso ocheperako pakati, mbalame zodya nyama - ma gull, tern ndi owopsa. Pakati pa adani a carp ndi nsomba zowononga - pikes, catfish, asps. Amadya mazira a carp mochulukira, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwake.
Ngakhale kuti carp imamva bwino komanso ndi nsomba yachangu komanso yosamala, imagwidwa ndi asodzi mochuluka. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwire oimira mitundu iyi. Amagwidwa bwino ndi nandolo yotentha, mbatata yophika, zinyenyeswazi za mkate, komanso nyongolotsi, May beetles, ndi tizilombo tina.
Carp amasakidwa m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja. Amakhulupirira kuti kugwira carp kumafuna chidziwitso ndi luso. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba ndizosamala ndipo sizimameza nyambo nthawi yomweyo, koma pang'onopang'ono zimawalawa. Mwa oimira mitundu iyi, pali anthu akulu akulu omwe amatha kulanda ndodo mmanja mwawo kapena kutambasula mzere. Anglers amadziwa kuchuluka kwa chisamaliro chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti agwire. Mwachilengedwe, carp imapatsidwa kumva bwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachita ndikamveka pang'ono.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Carp mumtsinje
Chiwerengero cha carp chimagawika m'magulu awiri. Gulu limodzi ndi anthu okhala ku Caspian ndi mitsinje ya Nyanja ya Aral. Oimira gulu lina amakhala m'madamu a China, mayiko aku Asia ndi Far East.
Posachedwapa, m'madera ena, pakhala kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba. Izi ndichifukwa chakugwidwa kwa nsomba zambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama zodya anzawo. China chomwe chimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi ndikusintha kwamadzi, komwe kumakhudzana ndimayendedwe amagetsi. Vutoli ndilofunika kwambiri kumadera akumwera a Russia. M'madera omwe kusefukira kwamadzi kumayambira koyambirira, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumakhala kwakukulu kumeneko.
M'madera ena, kuipitsa matupi amadzi kumayambitsanso nsomba. Chiwerengero cha carp sichimayambitsa nkhawa, chifukwa nthumwi zamtunduwu zimasakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya mitundu yawo.
Carp nthawi zonse imakhala ngati nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri mu Azov ndi Black Sea, nsomba za carp za nsomba zonse zimakhala pafupifupi 13%. Panthawiyo, pafupifupi matani 9 a nsomba adagwidwa m'malo amenewa. M'zaka za m'ma 60 zapitazo, nsomba zam'madzi mu Aral Sea zinali pafupifupi 34% mwa nsomba zonse. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa zatsika kwambiri.
Carp amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba wamba komanso yotchuka. Amakonda kuphika zonse kunyumba komanso m'malesitilanti apamwamba kwambiri. Usodzi wa carp nthawi zina umasandulika mwayi wopambana kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/17/2020
Tsiku losintha: 25.02.2020 ku 22:53
