Gull wakuda mutu - timadziwa tonsefe, koma kuchokera ku mbalame yosangalatsa iyi. Nthawi zambiri, uwu ndi mtundu womwe olemba mabuku a ana amawonetsera. Mwana aliyense azitha kusiyanitsa mbalameyi ndi mbalame zina. Anthu okhala kumpoto kwa dziko lathu nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona chithunzi cha m'mene mbalame yoyera yakuda imagwira nsomba zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kumapeto kwa sabata, anthu ambiri amatuluka m'nyumba zawo kuti akawone zomwe ambiri amachita, koma ichi sichithunzi chodabwitsa kwambiri momwe gulu la mbalame zimathamangitsira sitima yapamtunda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Mwambiri, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa banja lopusa kunawonekera m'zaka za zana la 18. Mpaka pano, anthu sanathe kumvetsetsa kuti dzina la mbalameyi limalumikizidwa ndi chiyani, koma pali lingaliro chabe kuti mwina limalumikizana ndi phokoso lomwe limapanga.
Mitundu iyi yam'madzi yam'madzi idabwera chifukwa cha kusinthika komanso kutuluka kwa ma genome atsopano. Monga nyama iliyonse, mbalame zam'madzi zimafunikira kuzolowera malo awo ndikupitiliza kuthamanga kwawo. Icho chinali chinthu ichi chomwe chinakhudza mawonekedwe a mbalame ngati mutu wakuda wakuda.
Gull ya mutu wakuda yokha ndiye mitundu yofala kwambiri yamtundu wakunyulu. Amagawidwa kwenikweni padziko lonse lapansi, koma ambiri amakhala ku Europe. Komanso, mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri m'banja lawo lalikulu, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 40 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nkhono yakuda ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa ma Charadriiformes, womwe umaphatikizaponso mbalame monga oyistercatchers, avdotki, snipe ndi ena.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Gull wakuda mutu, monga tidanenera, ndi mbalame yaying'ono. Makulidwe ake amatha kufikira masentimita 38 okha kutalika. Mapiko a mitundu yomwe tikuganizira ndiyonso yaying'ono - masentimita 90 okha, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana magalamu 200 mpaka 350. Mlomo wa mutu wakuda siwachikasu, monga mitundu yambiri yakuthengo, koma maroon wakuda.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimawoneka ngati mutu wakuda ndikuti amasintha nthenga zake kutengera nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mutu wake umapaka utoto woyera, ndipo nthawi yotentha, wakuda kwambiri. Imasiyanitsidwanso ndi mitundu ina ya banja lopusa ndi mzere woyera, womwe uli kumtunda kwa phiko kutsogolo. Mwa njira, kuzungulira kwa nthenga kwa mutu wakuda kumatenga pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Nthenga za anapiye ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zazikulu. Amayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yofiira pamapiko. Miyendo ndi yakuda imvi, kotero kuchokera mbali zikuwoneka kuti mwana wankhuku akuyenda pafupipafupi panthaka yonyansa.
Mimbulu yakuda imakhala ndi mawu omveka bwino. Asayansi amati phokoso lomwe amapanga nthawi zambiri limakhala lofanana kwambiri ndi akhwangwala, koma limakhala lakuthwa, motero amatha kufanana ndi kuseka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kodi mbalame yamutu wakuda imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Mbalame zakuda zakuda zimakhala makamaka kudera lanyengo yotentha, koma madera omwe amasamukirako amaphatikizanso madera otentha komanso otentha kumpoto chakumpoto.
Makamaka zisa zakuda zomwe zili m'mbali mwa nyanja, makamaka Nyanja Yakuda. Mtundu uwu ungapezeke m'maiko osiyanasiyana:
- France
- Italy
- Serbia
- Bulgaria
- Russia ndi ena
M'dera la dziko lathu, amatha kuwona m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera, Bering Sea, pafupi ndi Arkhangelsk komanso m'chigwa cha mitsinje yambiri monga Lena, Ob, Yenisei ndi ena.
Chosangalatsa: Mbalame zakuda zakuda zimasamukira kudera latsopano nthawi zambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, zimayenda mozungulira ngati kansalu kakang'ono.
Posachedwapa, mbalame yakuda yakuda yayamba kusintha kwambiri moyo wapafupi ndi anthu. Anthu ena amayamba kumanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi midzi ing'onoing'ono. Izi ndi njira zokakamiza za nkhono zamutu wakuda, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi amayesetsa kuti azipeza chakudya chochuluka kuposa momwe nyanja ingawapatse.
Kodi mutu wakuda wakuda umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Zakudya zam'mutu wakuda ndizosiyanasiyana, koma choyambirira zimadalira komwe chisa cha mbalamecho chilipo. Ngati chisa chili pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja, ndiye kuti chakudya cha mbalameyi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi nyama zopanda mafupa (nyongolotsi, agulugufe, kafadala, mphutsi, ndi ena). Komanso, nthawi ndi nthawi, nkhono zakuda sizimadana ndi kadyedwe ka nsomba zazing'ono ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, monga ma voles.
Pankhani yomwe tidaganizira m'gawo lapitalo, mbalame zikakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, nthawi zambiri zimadya zinyalala m'malo otayilamo katundu, komanso m'mabizinesi ochepa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Gull wakuda mutu alibe moyo winawake. Mitunduyi imasamuka komanso kukhala pansi. Kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe, zamoyo zambiri sizimasuntha mosasamala kutentha. Komabe, lamuloli silikugwira ntchito m'malo apakatikati, popeza mbalame zitayamba kukhamukira kufupi ndi magombe a nyanja zambiri pambuyo pa 0 digiri Celsius.
- Nyanja ya Mediterranean
- Wakuda
- Caspian
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1900, mphalapala za mitu yakuda nazonso zinayamba kuonekera m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Atlantic, motsatira Africa.
Chosangalatsa: Mbalame yamutu wakuda imatha kusintha pafupifupi malo aliwonse okhala, chifukwa chake nyengo yozizira siowopsa konse kwa iwo.
Mitundu yakuda yakuda imagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo. Masana, amatha kumaliza zisa zawo ndikusaka chakudya. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasankha malo ovuta kufikako monga zisa zawo. Choncho amayesetsa kudziteteza ndi anapiye awo ku zoopsa zakunja. Masamba obisalira amatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi kuyimba kwamtundu wa mitu yakuda.
Mimbulu yakuda imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisa zawo makamaka kuchokera kuzinthu zolimba zosiyanasiyana. Kwa chisa, mbalame nthawi zambiri imafuna malo ang'onoang'ono, koma malowa ayenera kupezeka pafupifupi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 40. M'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chapamwamba kwambiri chomangira chisa, akalulu okhala ndi mutu wakuda nthawi zambiri amapatula malo pang'ono kuti asanyowe kapena kugwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Maanja samasamuka nthawi yoswana, amakonda kukhala m'malo awo. Zimangosintha pakakhala zovuta. Mbalame zakonzeka kuswana kale zaka 1-4, ndipo amuna amakula msanga kuposa akazi. Mbalame zakuda zakuda zimakhala zokhazokha, ngakhale zimatha kusintha angapo asanapange awiri omaliza. Amayamba kupanga chisa nthawi yachilimwe, nyengo ikayamba kutentha, m'malo omwe adani sangafikeko.
Mwambo waukwati umachitika motere. Wamphongo, akufuula, amatambasula mutu wake moyenera, kenako amawongoka ndikutembenuka. Kotero akupereka moni kwa mnzake wamtsogolo. Mkazi nayenso amayankha kwa wamwamuna ndi kulira kwachilendo ndikupendeketsa mutu wake, ngati kuti akupempha chakudya. Mbalame zimamanga zisa pafupifupi mita wina ndi mnzake, kapena ngakhale makumi a mamitala. Banja lirilonse limateteza gawo lawo mkati mwa utali wa 32-47cm.
Mazirawo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, bulauni yakuda, buluu wonyezimira, bulauni wa azitona, buffy wobiriwira. Mazira ena amakhala ndi machitidwe awoawo, koma amathanso kukhala opanda iwo konse. Nthawi zambiri zowalamulira zimakhala mazira atatu, osachepera mazira 1-2. Ngati atayika, amasunthidwanso. Onse amuna ndi akazi amatenga nawo mbali pantchitoyi.
Anapiye okutidwa ndi ocher-bulauni fluff, kuwaphatikiza ndi chilengedwe, ndi ocher-wakuda mawanga. Ana amayamba kuwuluka masiku 25-30. Amadyetsa chakudya kuchokera pakamwa pa makolo awo kapena amadyera chakudya chotayidwa ndi makolo awo molunjika pachisa.
Adani achilengedwe a mutu wakuda wakuda
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Mbalame zakuda zakuda zimakhala ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, chifukwa ndizo mbalame zazikulu komanso zankhanza.
Ngati chisa cha mitu yakuda chili pafupi ndi nkhalango, ndiye kuti nkhandwe wamba imatha kukhala mdani wawo. Amawononga chisa, ndipo amathanso kuvulaza mbalame zomwe, ngati nyamayo inazipeza zikupuma.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yonse yam'madzi imadziwika ndikuti imawononga kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Mitunduyi nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ndi ofufuza panthawi yamavuto azakudya. Nthawi zina, zidafika mpaka powononga chisa cha abale awo.
Anthu amathanso kusankhidwa kukhala adani achilengedwe a mitu yakuda. Nthawi zina amakhala ozunzidwa chifukwa chokhala moyo wamakani. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimaulukira m'malo opangira nsomba poganiza kuti zibera zochepa zokha komanso anapiye awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Gull mutu wamutu
Mbalame zakuda zakuda zimawonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Pakadali pano, zadutsa kale mitundu 2 miliyoni. Pang`onopang`ono, mtundu uwu wayamba kukhala madera ambiri kusamuka ndi kubereka.
Chosangalatsa: Abakha ena amakonda kukhala ndi banja m'dera lomwelo monga mbalame zam'nyanja. Kukhala limodzi kumeneku kumapangitsa bakha kukoka ndipo abakhawo amakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka, chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti anthu amphaka amateteza "abakha.
Mutu wakuda wakuda uli ndi utali waukulu wofalikira. Chifukwa cha izi, amathandiza anthu kuthana ndi tizirombo muulimi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mtundu uwu umathandizanso ngati mankhwala. Mbalame zam'madzi zimasonkhanitsa chakudya chotsalira m'minda yamafuta.
Ngakhale athandizira abwino kwambiri am'mutu wakuda, zimakhudzanso zausodzi, ngakhale ambiri amati izi ndizokokomeza kwambiri.
Kuphatikizira kulingalira kwathu, choyambirira, ndikufuna kunena izi mutu wakuda wakuda ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri. Ngakhale tili ndi moyo wankhanza, ife - anthu - tiyenera kuyesa kusamalira nyama zomwe zatizungulira. Kuti zinthu zizikhalapo bwino pamtunduwu, malo apadera ogwidwa ukapolo amatha kudziwika, pomwe mbalame zimatha kupeza chakudya ndikuberekana popanda kuwononga anthu. Tiyenera kupeza njira zothetsera mwamtendere kusamvana kwathu ndi nyama.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/29/2020
Tsiku losintha: 03/29/2020 ku 22:44
