Anthu ambiri amalota akuwona mbalame ngati Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller... Ngakhale ili kutali kwambiri, imadabwitsa aliyense ndi mphamvu zake, chifukwa mtundu uwu ndi umodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso waukulu kwambiri. Mbalame zonse za m'banja la mbewa zimakopanso ndi kukongola kwawo kwapadera komanso kuthamanga kwa mphezi. Koma choyambirira, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthumwi yoyimilira nkhangoyi ndi nyama yoopsa kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino za moyo wa chiwombankhanga cha Steller.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Dzina la mitunduyo, yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, sinawonekere nthawi yomweyo. Poyamba, mbalameyi idatchedwa Steller Eagle, chifukwa idapezeka paulendo wopita ku Kamchatka motsogozedwa ndi wazachilengedwe wotchuka Georg Steller. Mwa njira, m'maiko ambiri amatchedwa choncho. M'Chingerezi, dzina lake ndi mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller.
Amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi mtundu womwewo kwa zaka zitatu zokha. Monga anapiye, ali ndi nthenga zokhala ndi mikwingwirima, zofiirira zokhala ndi mabowo oyera. Akuluakulu amakhala ofiira kwambiri, monga mbewa zambiri, kupatula pamphumi, tibia ndi zokutira zamapiko. Ndi nthenga zoyera kumtunda kwa mapiko zomwe zimasiyanitsa mtundu uwu ndi banja lonse la mphamba.
Ngakhale kuti chiwombankhanga cha Steller ndi mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri, ili ndi mawu "ochepetsetsa". Kuchokera ku mbalameyi mumangomva kulira kwa likhweru kapena kufuula. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anapiye ali ndi mawu okokomeza kwambiri kuposa achikulire. Malinga ndi asayansi odziwa zambiri, mawu amasintha nthawi yomwe amatchedwa "kusintha kwa alonda".
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Monga ziwombankhanga zina zonse, Nyanja ya Steller ndiyokulirapo. Komabe, kukula kwake, amakulabe pang'ono kuposa abale ake mawonekedwe. Mafupa onse a mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 110, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 9. Mphungu ya m'nyanja ya Steller ili ndi maso ofiira owala modabwitsa, milomo yayikulu yachikaso ndi miyendo yachikasu yokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuda. Chifukwa cha zala zake zazitali, mbalameyi imatha kugwira nyama yake mosavuta, kumenya malo ake ofunikira ndi chala chake chammbuyo.
Chosangalatsa: Mphungu ya m'nyanja ya Steller ili ndi mlomo wachikasu wotchuka kwambiri. Chimawoneka kwa anthu ngakhale mu chifunga champhamvu kwambiri. Asodzi a ku Far East anapezerapo mwayi pa zimenezi. Ngati awona mbalame ikuuluka ndi mkamwa wowala wachikaso, zimawawonetsa kuti posachedwa ayandikira kumtunda.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mbalameyi siyimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Nthawi zambiri zimauluka kwa mphindi 30 zokha patsiku. Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisa cha anthuwo chikhale pafupi ndi gombe kapena madzi ena momwe angathere, ngakhale izi sizabwino, chifukwa nthawi zambiri m'malo amenewa mumakhala anthu ambiri.
Zotsatira zake, chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya nkhwangwa ndi "mapewa" ake oyera, kutalika kwa thupi ndi mapiko ake, komanso mlomo wachikaso modabwitsa. Kuuluka kwake kokongola, kosathamanga kumakongoletsa malo okhala pafupi ndi madzi.
Kodi chiwombankhanga cha Steller chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Mbalame ngati mbalame ya Steller imapezeka pafupi ndi Kamchatka Territory:
- Chilumba cha Kamchatka
- Magombe a dera la Magadan
- Khabarovsk dera
- Zilumba za Sakhalin ndi Hakkaido
Mbalameyi imakhala makamaka ku Russia. Ndi m'nyengo yozizira yokha usiku komwe imatha kupezeka m'maiko monga Japan, China, Korea ndi America. Zisa zawo zimapezeka makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti muchepetse mtunda woyandikira pafupi ndi gwero la madzi.
Dziwani kuti oimira ena amtundu wa ziwombankhanga ndi banja la nkhamba amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mtundu uliwonse umafunikira nyengo yake momwe ungakhalire bwino.
Nthawi zambiri, kuli ku Kamchatka komwe mungakumane ndi alendo, ojambula zithunzi kapena ofufuza omwe abwera kuno kudzawona mbalame yosowa kwambiri ngati chiwombankhanga cha Steller.
Kodi chiwombankhanga cha Steller chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Zakudya za ziwombankhanga za Steller sizimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndizochepa. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakonda kudya nsomba. Ziwombankhanga za m'nyanja za Steller sizinapatsidwe mwayi wokhoza kumira, chifukwa chake, amakakamizidwa kulanda nyama zawo ndi mawoko awo, omwe amayandama kumtunda kapena nthawi ndi nthawi amalumpha m'madzi.
Chiwombankhanga chimamva bwino mukamasambira nsomba za salimoni. Munthawi imeneyi, amapatula njira zina pazakudya zake. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller sichimavutanso nthawi zina kudya nsomba zakufa.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, chiwombankhanga cha Steller chimatha kudya mbalame monga abakha, seagulls kapena cormorants. Zinyama zimaphatikizidwanso pazakudya zake, koma mtundu uwu wa mphamba umadya nthawi zambiri kuposa china chilichonse. Zina mwa zomwe amakonda ndi zisindikizo zazing'ono.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chiwombankhanga cha Steller chimakonda kwambiri magombe. Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti kumalo amenewa komwe kumakhala nsomba zambiri zomwe zimadyetsa. Nthawi zambiri, malo awo amakhala pamtunda wosapitirira 70 km kuchokera kumadzi.
Ngakhale kuti chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller chimawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame yodziyimira pawokha, mtundu uwu wamtundu wa mbewa sumangobisalira zokha. Monga lamulo, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu azochuluka za anthu awiri kapena atatu ndipo zimayandikira kunyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller chimatha kuwonanso ku taiga, m'mphepete mwa Japan komanso kumwera kwa Far East.
Ziwombankhanga za m'nyanja ya Steller zimamanga zisa zawo pamitengo yamphamvu. Ntchito yomanga siyimalizidwa mwachangu ngati mbalame zina. Mitundu imeneyi ya ziwombankhanga imatha kumanga chisa chawo kwa zaka zingapo mpaka ikadzafika pachimake. Ngati nyumba zawo sizinagwe nyengo itasintha, amasankha kukhalabe momwemo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Mphungu ya m'nyanja ya Steller ndi mbalame yosagwirizana. Amatha kukhala patali wina ndi mnzake, koma ngati malo okhala ndi nsomba zambiri ali pafupi, ndiye kuti mtunda wa chisa ndi chisa umachepa kwambiri.
Mitunduyi imachotserana wina ndi mnzake, koma imatha kutsutsana ndi nthumwi zina za banja la mphungu. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri azindikira chithunzi cha chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller chikuganiza zodya nyama, mwachitsanzo, ziwombankhanga zoyera.
M'nthawi yozizira, mbalame zimayesetsa kuti zizikhala moyandikana. Nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'malo omwe nsomba zimakhazikika. Njira yodyera imakhalanso yamtendere, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala zolanda zambiri ndipo zimakhala zokwanira aliyense.
Ziwombankhanga za Steller zimayamba moyo wawo "wabanja" zili ndi zaka 3-4. Maanja nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa zamiyambo, koma osati nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo amenewa. Njira yokhazikitsira tokha nthawi zambiri imachitika mchaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri chamoyo. Nthawi zambiri, maanja amakhala ndi zisa ziwiri, zomwe zimasinthana.
Makulitsidwe amayamba ndi dzira loyamba. Ziwombankhanga za m'nyanja za Steller zimadyetsa anapiye awo ndi tinsomba ting'onoting'ono. Ngakhale kuti makolo amasamalira ana awo mosamala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwidwa ndi nyama zolusa monga ma ermine, masabata ndi akhwangwala akuda.
Adani achilengedwe a ziwombankhanga zam'madzi za Steller
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Monga mukudziwa, ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame zazikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzodye, motero titha kunenedwa kuti zilibe adani achilengedwe. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wawo wabwinobwino m'chilengedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kuti mtundu wopatsidwa uli pamwamba pazakudya. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti kuchuluka kwa poizoni kumadziphatika m'matupi awo, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zawo zamkati. Mwa njira, poizoni yemweyo ali m'zinthu zanyama zomwe amadya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Monga mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa mbewa, chiwombankhanga cha Steller chimakhala pachiwopsezo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, woimira nyamayi alibe adani achilengedwe, chifukwa chake chowopseza ndi munthu. Anthu amapanga mafakitale omwe amaipitsa matupi amadzi ndikusokoneza kudyetsa kwa mbalamezi. M'mbuyomu, anthu ena anali kuwomberanso ziwombankhanga za Steller, chifukwa nthenga zawo zinali zokongoletsa kwambiri. Ngakhale lero, ku Russia, pamakhala milandu yowonongeka ndi kugwa kwa zisa chifukwa cha zokopa alendo zosagwirizana.
Asayansi ambiri akungofuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zamoyozi. Malo akumanga akumangidwa kuti azisamalira mbalame. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo angapo omwe amadziwika ndi kuwononga chilengedwe.
Alonda a ziwombankhanga za Steller
Chithunzi: Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Masiku ano chiwombankhanga cha m'nyanja ya Steller chili m'gulu la IUCN Red List, mitundu yowopsa ya mbalame ku Asia, komanso mu Red Book of the Russian Federation. Malinga ndi zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa, dziko lathuli limakhala ndi mbalame 5,000 zokha zamtunduwu. Zowonjezera, chiwerengerochi chimasintha m'njira zabwino chaka chilichonse.
Mphungu ya m'nyanja ya Steller yalandila chisamaliro cha VU, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbalameyi ili pachiwopsezo, pachiwopsezo chotha. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zomwe zili mgululi zimakhala zovuta kuswana kuthengo, koma kuchuluka kwawo mu ukapolo kumakulirakulirabe.
Monga mitundu ina iliyonse yolembedwa mu Red Book, pali mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zingathandize kuchulukitsa mitundu ya zamoyo:
- Kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali mu ukapolo chifukwa chobereka kwawo pambuyo pake
- Kuletsa kwa zokopa alendo zosakonzedwa m'malo okhala mitunduyo
- Zowonjezera zilango zosaka nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha
- Kulengedwa kwa zinthu zabwino kwa chiwombankhanga cha Steller kuthengo, ndi zina zambiri.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kunena kuti chiwombankhanga cha Steller ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri komanso yosowa yomwe imafuna chisamaliro chathu. Ndikofunikira kuteteza chilengedwe ndikupatsa zolengedwa zonse mwayi wopitiliza kuthamanga kwawo. Kwa mitundu yonse ya mbalame zam'banja la akalulu, kuwongolera koyenera kumafunikira, popeza zambiri zimapezekanso pamndandanda wazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha mu Red Book of Russia. Chilengedwe ndichokongola komanso chophatikizika, chifukwa chake muyenera kuteteza chilengedwe chilichonse.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/23/2020
Tsiku losintha: 03/23/2020 ku 23:33
