Kiti yofiira - zolusa komanso zaukali, koma mbalame yosangalatsa komanso yokongola. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa m'chilengedwe. Pofuna kuwonjezera ma kite m'maiko ena, mapangano achitetezo chawo adasainidwa. M'dera la Russia mu 2016, ngakhale ndalama yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a 2 rubles idaperekedwa pomwe amawonetsedwa. Nyemba zofiira zimapezeka mdziko lathu komanso ku Europe. Kumwamba, amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kulira kwawo kwakutali. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za mbalame ngati mphamba yofiira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Red kite
Kiti yofiira Ndi mbalame yayikulu yodya nyama yomwe imatha "kupachika" mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali kufunafuna nyama yake. Mbalame zimauluka pamalo okwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake mitundu ya mbewa ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi maso. Ofufuza kapena owonera mbalame okha ndi omwe angathe kuchita ntchitoyi.
Amakhulupirira kuti mawu akuti kite ndi tanthauzo la dzina la mbalameyi, yomwe adapatsidwa ndi wolemba waku Russia komanso wolemba zamankhwala Vladimir Ivanovich Dal mu 1882. Ngakhale pamenepo, adatcha mbalame iyi krachun. Poyamba, nthengayo idalibe dzina lake ndipo imafaniziridwa ndi omwe amadya njoka, chifukwa amaoneka ofanana komanso amadya. Patapita kanthawi, kaiti idadzitcha dzina.
Mwambiri, mbalameyi idatchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 17, pomwe mitundu yambiri ya mphamba zofiira idakhazikika m'mizinda yaku Europe. Panali zinyalala zambiri m'misewu nthawi imeneyo, chifukwa boma lonse silinayang'anire zaukhondo. Khayeti yofiira yatsuka misewu chifukwa cha chikumbumtima, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mtembo umakhala wabwino kwa iye.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Red kite
Kiti yofiira - mbalame yaying'ono ndi mapiko ambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumangofika masentimita 70-72 okha, komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 190. Mbalameyi imakhalanso yolemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi banja lake la mphamba - pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi.
Chifukwa cha thupi lake lokongola, nthenga zazitali ndi mchira wooneka ngati mphanda, mphalapala yofiira imatha kuyenda mozungulira ikamauluka kumwamba. Kumbuyo kwa mbalame kumangoseweretsa mtundu wa "chiwongolero".
Kite wofiira amakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira kwambiri pathupi ndi zazitali zazitali pachifuwa. Nthenga zamapiko zimakhala zoyera, zakuda komanso zakuda. Mutu ndi khosi ndizotuwa. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira wautali, womwe nthawi zambiri umapinda ukawuluka pamwamba kwambiri. Maso a mphamba wofiyira amakhala ndi khungu lachikasu lalanje. Miyendo ili ndi utoto wowala wachikaso, kotero amatha kuwoneka ngakhale pansi ndi diso la munthu.
Mkazi ndi wamwamuna samasiyana pamawonekedwe awo. Izi zimatchedwa mawonekedwe azakugonana. Komanso, mu anapiye mzaka zoyambirira za moyo wawo, mtundu wa nthenga umakhala wosazindikira. Mtundu wabulauni umasiyanitsidwa mwachilengedwe, koma sutchulidwa monga momwe amachitira achikulire amtundu uwu.
Kodi kaiti yofiira imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Red kite
Kaiti yofiira imapezeka m'malo athyathyathya komanso ataliatali. Pankhaniyi, mbalameyi imakonda madambo akuluakulu pafupi ndi nkhalango zowirira kapena zosakanikirana. Posankha malo okhala, mitunduyi imakonda kusiya konyowa kwambiri, m'malo mwake, madera ouma.
Gawo lalikulu la mphamba zofiira limakhala ku Central, Southern Europe komanso pagombe la Africa. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka kawirikawiri. Anthu oterewa amangowonekera kwinakwake kudera la Kaliningrad kapena Pskov. Ponena za ku Europe, mphamba wofiira amatha kuwona pamenepo, mwachitsanzo ku Scandinavia. Ku Africa, imapezeka pafupi ndi Strait of Gibraltar, kuzilumba za Canary kapena Cape Verde.
Pali ma kite ofiira osamuka komanso okhala pansi. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Russia, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Ukraine, Belarus zimasamukira kwina. M'nyengo yozizira, zimayandikira kudera lina lanyengo, kumwera, ku Mediterranean. Ma Kites omwe amakhala kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo m'nyengo yozizira amakhala m'misasa yawo.
Kodi mphamba wofiira umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Red kite
Ngakhale mphamba wofiira amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, chilengedwe sichinapatse ukali wapadera. Ali ndi thupi lochepa, koma osati minofu yambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofooka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, monga akhungubwe kapena mbalame zakuda.
Ntchito yosaka ili motere. Kaiti yofiira imakwera kumwamba ndipo amatanthauza "kuuluka" pamtunda winawake. Kenako amayang'ana mosamala nyama yake, ndipo wina atazindikira, chilombocho chimagwa pansi ndikuyesera kuchigwira ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa.
Kite wofiira amakonda kudya nyama zazing'ono, monga mbewa, vole. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbalameyi imakondanso kudya anapiye ang'onoang'ono, amphibiya, zokwawa komanso mbozi. Monga tanena kale, mphamba wofiira ankadyetsa nyama zakufa, koma ngakhale masiku ano oyang'anira mbalame ambiri amazindikira mbalameyo pa chakudya chamadzulo chotere. Ngati mtundu uwu uzindikira chithunzi chomwe, mwachitsanzo, mbalame zina zodya nyama zikudya nkhosa yakufa, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zimangodikirira ndikuwuluka kukagwidwa ngati kulibe zamoyo zina pafupi nayo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Red kite
Kiti yofiira nthawi zina amachitira nkhanza achibale ake. Tikulankhula makamaka za mbalame zomwe zimasamukira kumayiko otentha nthawi yachisanu. Monga mbalame zina zonse, amafunika kukhazikika pamalo atsopano ndikumanga zisa zatsopano, koma sikuti aliyense amapeza malo okhala kumeneku. Chifukwa cha zomwe tafotokozazi, nthawi zina amayenera kumenyana.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti mphamba wofiyira amakongoletsa chisa chake ndi chinthu chowala, monga matumba apulasitiki kapena zinyalala zonyezimira. Zonsezi mbalamezi zimachita pofuna kudziwa madera ake.
Kite wofiira, monga mitundu ina yonse ya mtundu wa mphamba zenizeni, iwonso ndi mbalame zaulesi kwambiri komanso zosakhazikika. Mukuuluka, akuchedwa kwambiri, koma ngakhale zili choncho, munthawi yake yaulere, amakonda kukhala kutali kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mbalame imatha kuuluka mlengalenga kwa mphindi zopitilira 15 popanda mapiko ake amodzi.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi nzeru zapadera. Amatha kusiyanitsa munthu wamba wodutsa ndi mlenje, chifukwa chake pakawopsa kite wofiira amatha kubisala mosavuta pangozi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Red kite
Kubalana kwa mphamba wofiira, monga mbalame zambiri, kumayamba mchaka, mu Marichi kapena Epulo. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi okwatirana okhaokha, chimodzi mwazifukwa zokhulupirira izi ndikuti kite yofiira imagwirizana kwambiri ndi komwe amakhala, komwe adabadwirako. Mbalame zimakonda kupitilizabe kusankha malo omwewo okhala ndi zibwenzi zawo mtsogolo.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimachita mwambo winawake womwe umathandiza kusankha awiriawiri. Kite yofiira ndichonso. Amuna ndi akazi amawuluka mothamanga wina ndi mnzake ndipo amangotsala panjira yomaliza. Nthawi zina amatha kupota kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhudza wina ndi mnzake, kuchokera mbali yomwe mungaganize kuti iyi ndi nkhondo.
Pambuyo pamasewera olimbirana, makolo omwe ali ndi tsogolo lawo akukonzekera chisa, ndikusankha nthambi zazitali zazitali, mpaka mamita 12-20. Zomwe zimakhala ndi nthambi zouma, udzu, ndipo masiku angapo asanaikemo zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa pamwamba. Nthawi zina amasankha khungubwe lomwe lasiya kapena khwangwala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti socket imagwiritsidwanso ntchito chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 1 mpaka 4, omwe mtundu wake ndi woyera ndi mtundu wazitsulo zofiira. Nthawi zambiri kumakula mwana m'modzi pachaka. Amakhala masiku 37-38. Pafupifupi nthawi yonse yodzaza, mkazi samachoka pachisa, ndipo wamwamuna amamupezera chakudya iyeyo ndi iyemwini, kenako pambuyo pake. Ndipo anapiye atakwanitsa masabata awiri, ndiye kuti mayiyo amathawira kunja kukafuna chakudya. Ndizodabwitsa kuti anapiyewo ndiosakondana. Ana amayamba kuwuluka masiku 48-60, ndikusiya makolo awo patadutsa milungu 2-3 kuthawa koyamba. Ndipo m'zaka ziwiri zokha za moyo wawo amatha kuberekanso ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe a red kite
Chithunzi: Red kite
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mbalame yamphamvu komanso yamphamvuyi imakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe omwe amachititsa mavuto ambiri pakukula kwa anthu.
Mbalameyi yasamuka ndi mphamba wakuda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mdani wathu wamapiko amaoneka yemwe akufuna chakudya chofananacho ndipo amatenga malo, kuti asakhale mwamtendere. Monga tikudziwira kale, mphamba wofiyira amakonda kupanga chisa m'dera lomweli, komwe zimauluka chaka chilichonse.
Mdani wawo wofunikira kwambiri ndi munthu. Ndipo apa sikuti amangosaka mbalame yokongolayi kokha, komanso kusokoneza bata m'dera lomwe mbalamezo zimakonda kukhala. Mbalame zambiri zimafa pamizere yayikulu yotumizira magetsi. Zovulaza zambiri zimayambitsidwanso ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma acaricides, operekera mankhwala, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo mankhwala a organophosphorus. Zovulazanso kwambiri ndi mankhwala okhala ndi klorini, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Awa ndi mankhwala othandiza pachuma omwe amathandiza anthu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala poizoni ndi kufa kwa nyama zambiri, kuphatikizapo mphamba yofiira.
Komanso, zikopa za mbalame zimawonongeka ndi akhwangwala otchinga, martens ndi weasels, zomwe zimalepheretsanso kuteteza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa anthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Red kite
Ngati tikulankhula za kuchuluka kwa mphamba, ndiye mwatsoka, kuchuluka kwake kwatsika kwambiri. Tsopano ili pakati pa 19 mpaka 37,000 awiriawiri. Zachidziwikire, gawo lotsogola la matendawa limakhala ndi zochitika za munthu yemwe ali pomwepo ndi mfuti kudikirira mbalame yokongola komanso yodabwitsa. Zachidziwikire, chomwe chilipo chodabwitsidwa, chifukwa mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri, yosafikirika komanso yokongola kwambiri, chilakolako chofuna kuigwira, kuyipha, kapena kuyipira - kuti ipange nyama yodzaza pambuyo pake ngati chikumbutso, monga osaka mwakhama amakonda kuchita. Koma mfuti sikuthera pamenepo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu chikukula chaka chilichonse, ndipo nawo malo achilengedwe a red kite akuchepa. Chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali yolima, ndizovuta kuti mbalamezi zisale, chifukwa zimazolowera malo amodzi. Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomvetsa chisoni, pakati ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe, zinthu zikukwera ndipo mzaka zingapo zapitazi, anthu akuchira pang'ono. Koma, kumene, sikokwanira, sangathe kukhala opanda chitetezo ndi thandizo la munthu. Ndipo mbalameyi, makamaka, imakhala yolumikizana ndi chakudya. Muyenera kuyesetsa mwakhama kuti musaphwanye malamulo achilengedwe, zamoyo zonse zolumikizidwa, zina zambiri zitha kuvutika chifukwa cha kutha kwa mtundu umodzi.
Alonda a Red Kite
Chithunzi: Red kite
Ngati tikulankhula za chitetezo cha mphamba, ndiye kuti ziyenera kudziwika kuti sikuti kulikonse komwe kuchuluka kwa anthu kukucheperachepera. M'malo ena, samatsika, komabe amafunikira chitetezo chodalirika komanso kuthandizidwa ndi anthu.
Monga tanenera pamwambapa, mitunduyi ikulowedwa m'malo ndi mphamba wakuda, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Kite wofiira amakhala ndi mbiri mu Red Book, yomwe imati mbalame ili pachiwopsezo. Amatchedwa mitundu yosawerengeka, yomwe imaperekedwa, monga kumaliza mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko ena pankhani yokhudza kuteteza mbalame zosamukira, kuletsa ntchito zaulimi, kuletsa kudulira mitengo.
Kite yofiira, mwachidziwikire, imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, komanso mgwirizano wapadziko lonse woteteza mbalamezi wapangidwa pakati pa Russia ndi India. Mbalamezi zikupezeka m'ndandanda wa mbalame zosowa kwambiri m'dera la Baltic, Zowonjezera 2 za Msonkhano wa Bonn, Zowonjezera 2 za Msonkhano wa Berne, Zowonjezera 2 za CITES. Komanso, ponseponse, zoyipa zilizonse zomwe anthu amachita pakaundira kwa mphamba wofiira zimayimitsidwa. Izi ndi zina zothandiza kuti anthu azingopulumuka, komanso zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwawo, chifukwa ndi yekhayo amene angapulumutse mitunduyo kuti isathere.
Kiti yofiira Ndi mbalame yodabwitsa komanso yapadera. Makhalidwe ake adabwitsa onse ofufuza za zinyama. Mbalameyi imapirira modabwitsa komanso imatha kusaka bwino kwambiri, koma ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwake m'chilengedwe kukucheperabe. Tiyenera kusamalira bwino ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi, makamaka m'dziko lathu. Musaiwale kuti chilichonse m'chilengedwe chimalumikizidwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04/06/2020
Tsiku losinthidwa: 06.04.2020 ku 23:27
