Mwinanso, pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa nsomba ngati nsomba... Nthawi zambiri, titha kuziganizira mu mawonekedwe owuma m'mashelufu m'masitolo osiyanasiyana. Kukoma kwabwino kwa sabrefish kumadziwika bwino kwa ife, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa za nsomba. Tiyeni tiyesere kukhala wokhala m'madzi kuchokera mbali zonse, osangowona mawonekedwe akunja, komanso kuphunzira zizolowezi, malo okhalamo okhazikika, ma nuances onse azomwe zimachitika komanso zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri nsomba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chekhon
Chekhon ndi yamtundu wa nsomba zamtundu wa carp. M'gulu lake, sabrefish, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha. Chifukwa cha malamulo ake oblong, saberfish imafanana mofanana ndi saber yokhota, koma siyofanana konse ndi mphanda wokhala ndi mphika komanso wokwanira wokwanira. Kuyendetsa bwino pamadzi kumathandiza nsombayo ndi thupi lake lathyathyathya m'mbali.
Anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha sabrefish:
- Czech;
- wokhazikika;
- kuponyedwa;
- saber;
- ofananira;
- mamba;
- saber;
- ndi cleaver.
Chekhon amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zamadzi amchere, koma zimamveka bwino mumadzi amchere amchere. Chekhon atha kugawidwa kukhala pansi komanso theka-anadromous. Kunja, sizimasiyana, koma zomalizirazo ndizokulirapo komanso mwachangu. Sukulu zokhazikika za nsomba zimakhala m'madzi amodzi amadzi amoyo m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Semi-anadromous sabrefish imamva bwino mumadzi amchere komanso amchere (mwachitsanzo, Aral ndi Caspian). Nsomba zotere zimachoka m'madzi am'nyanja ndikufika kwa nthawi yopumira.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti okonda nsomba makamaka amakonda Caspian ndi Azov chekhon. Nsomba za Don zimasiyananso ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi mafuta, zomwe sizinganenedwe za Volga sabrefish, yomwe nyama yake ndi yopepuka, ndipo miyeso yake ndi yaying'ono.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kuti nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zimakhala m'madzi amchere amchere, zimakonda kutulutsa m'madzi amadzi okhaokha, nthawi zambiri zimapambana ma kilomita ambiri kuti zifike pamalo obalirako.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Chekhon
Monga tanenera kale, sabrefish ili ndi lamulo lofanana ndi sabata ngati lomwe lili ndi kupindika pansi. Thupi lonse la nsombayo limakhala lolumikizana mbali zonse, mzere wopingasa ndi mimba yotuluka imawonekera bwino, keel yake yomwe ilibe mamba. Kutalika kwa sabrefish kumatha kukhala theka la mita (nthawi zina zochulukirapo), ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kukhala makilogalamu awiri, nsomba yayikulu ngati imeneyi ndiyosowa. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa sabrefish pafupifupi magalamu 500.
Kanema: Chekhon
Mutu wa nsombayo ndi wocheperako, chifukwa chake maso akulu-akulu amaonekera, ndipo pakamwa pake, ndi tochepa, ndikukweza m'mwamba. Chekhon ali ndi mano amphako, omwe ali m'mizere iwiri, mano amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zingwe zazing'ono. Zipsepse za sabrefish zimakonzedwa mwanjira yapadera, ma pectorals amatalikitsidwa kwambiri, kumbuyo kwake kuli chimphona chaching'ono chomwe chili kutali ndi caudal. The kumatako anal ali ndi mawonekedwe zachilendo, ndi wautali m'litali kuposa kumbuyo, ndi kumapeto yopapatiza amayandikira pafupifupi mchira palokha. Masikelo a nsomba ndi akulu kwambiri, koma amagwa mosavuta akagwidwa.
Ponena za mtundu wa sabrefish, ziyenera kudziwika kuti gawo lalikulu kwambiri ndi loyera loyera, lomwe limakhala ndi mtundu winawake wa ngale. Potsutsana ndi maziko oterowo, bulauni lofiirira kapena mtunda wobiriwira pang'ono umakhala wosiyana. Zipsepse zimakhala zamtundu kuyambira imvi mpaka kufiira kofiira. Zipsepse zam'mimba zimakhala ndi chikasu.
Chosangalatsa:Nsombazi zimakhala ndi luso lowala kwambiri komanso kuthekera kwa mamba kuti ziwoneke, kutulutsa kuwala kwa khungu lapadera lachikopa - guanine, lomwe limakhala ndi kanema wamagalasi a oxide.
Kodi sabrefish amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chekhon mumtsinje
Chekhon amakonda danga ndi thambo, chifukwa chake amasankha malo osungiramo madzi akuya, okumana mumitsinje ikuluikulu komanso mosungiramo. Nsombazi zimagawidwa kwambiri kuchokera ku Baltic mpaka ku Black Sea basin. Madzi omwe mumawakonda omwe amakhala ndi sabrefish ndi awa: Ladoga, nyanja za Ilmen ndi Onega, Gulf of Finland, mitsinje ya Svir ndi Neva - zonsezi zimakhudza madera akumpoto a malo okhala nsomba.
Kum'mwera kwa malowa, sabrefish yasankha mitsinje yam'nyanja zotsatirazi:
- Azovsky;
- Caspian;
- Aral;
- Wakuda.
Chekhon ndi nsomba yamadzi ambiri abwino, omwe amapezeka ku Asia komanso ku Europe, nsomba zimakhala:
- Volga;
- Boog;
- Wotsitsa;
- Kuru;
- Kuban;
- Don;
- Terek;
- Syrdarya;
- Amu Darya.
Ponena za malo osungira maiko ena, sabrefish imapezeka ku Poland, Bulgaria, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Germany, ndi Hungary. Gulu la sabrefish limayikidwa m'malo akuya a nyanja, mitsinje ndi malo osungira. Kapoloyo amakonda madzi am'madzi, amasankha malo okulirapo amadzi okhala ndi zosalongosoka pansi ndi mabowo ambiri. Sabrefish yoyenda moyenda imayenda mozungulira m'madzi, ikuyenda mozungulira yomwe imasambira kupita pagombe pokhapokha ikamadyetsa.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, nsomba za sabrefish zimakhala m'madzi apakati.
Nsomba zimayesanso kudutsa malo omwe ali ndi udzu wam'madzi, malo amatope, ndipo usiku amapita kuya.
Kodi sabrefish imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chekhon ku Russia
Sabrefish imatulukira kukasaka m'mawa komanso madzulo, nsomba imakonda kuluma:
- zooplankton;
- nsomba mwachangu;
- tizilombo touluka (udzudzu, kafadala, agulugufe);
- mbozi za tizilombo;
- minda;
- roach;
- wopanda pake;
- caviar;
- nyongolotsi.
Ikayamba kuzizira kwambiri, sabrefish imanyinyirika kudya, ndipo imatha kukana kudya kwakanthawi. Zomwezo zimachitika nthawi yobereka. Koma nyengo yakumasirana ikamatha, sabrefish imayamba zhor zosaneneka. Pakusaka, nsombayo imasambira pakati pa mwachangu mwamtendere kwathunthu, osawonetsa kukwiya kulikonse, kenako, ndikutuluka kothwanima komanso mwamphamvu ngati mphezi, ikumenyera nyamayo, ndikuyikoka m'mbali yamadzi.
Ngati tikulankhula za kusodza, apa asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zosiyanasiyana kuti agwire nsomba zamtengo wapatali. Pakati pa nyambo, mphutsi, ziwala, magazi a mphutsi, ndowe ndi maudzu, ntchentche, ntchentche, agulugufe, agulugufe, nyambo zamoyo, ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chekhon imasiyanitsidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa: ikakhuta, imalowa mwakuya.
Chosangalatsa: Chekhon imatha kugwira tizilombo tomwe timazungulira pamwamba pamadzi, pa ntchentche pomwepo, nsombayo imadumpha kuchokera pagawo lamadzi, ndikunyamula chotupitsa chake ndikumayimba mokweza kubwerera kwawo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chekhon wochokera ku Red Book
Tazindikira kale kuti nsomba zina zimasankhidwa kukhala semi-anadromous, nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe ali ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Gawo lina la sabrefish limangokhala, osasiyana kwenikweni ndi kale. Chekhon amakhala ndi moyo wogwirizana, posankha gulu lankhosa. Kutaya kwa nsomba kumachitika m'madzi amadzi okhaokha, nthawi zambiri sabrefish imapambana makilomita opitilira zana kuti ifike kumalo opumira.
Chekhon amasankha malo okhala ndi malo othandizira, okutidwa ndi mabowo ambiri. Mwa iwo, nsombazi zimagona usiku wonse, zimadikirira nyengo yoipa komanso masiku achisanu, zimabisala kutentha kwakukulu. Sabrefish imagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa, masana komanso madzulo. Zimatengera mawonekedwe azakudya zake. Nsombazi zimasaka mwachangu kapena tizilombo kumtunda kapena pakati pamadzi. Chekhon amatha kutchedwa wochenjera, samakonda kusambira m'mbali mwa nyanja ndipo amayesetsa kupewa madzi osaya. Nsomba iyi imamasuka komanso kukhala omasuka mozama kuyambira 5 mpaka 30 mita, apa imatha kupumula ndikukhala osasamala.
Kukhalapo kwa ziphuphu ndi mafunde pamtsinje sikuwopseza nsomba za sabrefish, m'malo mwake, imakonda malo oterewa, chifukwa imatha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kukhazikika, imathamangitsa kulanda tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mwachangu komanso mosavomerezeka kuchokera pamadzi othamanga. Pakufika Seputembala, sabrefish imayamba kudya mwamphamvu, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, kenako imapita kuzama. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti ngakhale nthawi yozizira yozizira nsomba imapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ndikugwidwa pansi pa ayezi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chekhon
Amuna a sabrefish amakhala okhwima azaka zitatu, ndiye kuti kulemera kwawo kuyenera kukhala magalamu 100, amuna amakhala okonzeka kubereka zaka ziwiri. Kukhwima kwa nsomba makamaka kumadalira malo omwe amakhala, ndiye kuti kumadera akumwera sabrefish imatha kuberekanso itakwanitsa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, kumpoto njirayi imatha kupitilira mpaka zaka 4 kapena 5 zakubadwa.
M'nyengo yamasika, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu akulu, ndikusamukira kumalo osungira. Nthawi imeneyi imatha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, zimatengera nyengo yam'madera ena. Nthawi yayikulu yobereka masiku 4, kutentha kwamadzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana madigiri 13 mpaka 20 okhala ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Pofuna kubereka, sabrefish imasankha malo okhala ndi ming'alu ndi ziboda, pomwe pakali pano pamafulumira, ndikuikira mazira akuya kwa mita 1 - 3. Mazira a nsomba amakhala owonekera ndipo 2mm m'mimba mwake. Chekhon imawerengedwa kuti ndi yachonde kwambiri ndipo imatha kutulutsa mazira 10 zikwi mpaka 150,000, zimatengera zaka za nsomba. Mazira a sabrefish samamatira kuzomera zam'madzi ndi miyala yamiyala, amatengeredwa kutsika ndi madzi, izi zimawapatsa mpweya wofunikira pakukula kwathunthu. Akazi omwe amasesa mazira amatenganso nawo pakali pano.
Pambuyo masiku atatu, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe zimapitilizabe kuyenda ndimadzi. Pankhaniyi, mwachangu amayenda maulendo ataliatali kuchokera komwe amabala, akamakwanitsa masiku 20, ayamba kale kudyetsa plankton. Pakadutsa chaka chimodzi, nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 10. Pokhapokha nsomba zikafika zaka 6 zokha zimatha kufikira magalamu 400. Moyo wa nsomba wa sabrefish pafupifupi zaka 13.
Chosangalatsa: Sabrefish imatuluka dzuwa litatuluka, pomwe chinsalu cha m'mawa chimakwirabe pamwamba pamadzi. Izi zimachitika mwanjira yachilendo: nsomba imatha kudumpha kuchokera kumtunda kwamadzi, phokoso ndikumveka kuchokera kuma sabrefish akumveka kulikonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawonekera m'madzi.
Adani achilengedwe a sabrefish
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Chekhon
Sabrefish ili ndi anthu osafunikira okwanira, achichepere, osadziwa zambiri komanso ang'onoang'ono, amakhala opanda chitetezo komanso osatetezeka. Nsomba zolusa mokondwera kudya osati mwachangu ndi zazing'ono sabrefish, komanso mazira ake.
Adani a sabrefish ndi awa:
- pike;
- pike nsomba;
- nsomba.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya nsomba zowononga, ngozi ikuyembekezera sabrefish kuchokera mlengalenga, chifukwa chake mukamadya pamwamba pamadzi, nsomba zitha kugwidwa ndi mbalame ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi. Kuphatikiza pa onse omwe sanatchule pamwambapa, sabrefish imatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana omwe nsomba iyi imatha kutenga.
Chilichonse chomwe munthu anganene, mdani wowopsa kwambiri wosakhutitsidwa ndi munthu yemwe, pomwe akusodza, amagwira nsomba zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde. Zonsezi chifukwa chakuti nsomba iyi yatchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosaneneka, ndipo maubwino oyidya samakayikira. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa, kuphatikiza mavitamini ndi ma macronutrients ambiri, zimathandizira thupi, zimawongolera njira zamagetsi, kulimbitsa mafupa, kutsitsa mafuta m'thupi, ndikuchotsa zidulo zingapo zowopsa.
Sabrefish imavutika osati ndi mafakitale okha, komanso asodzi wamba, omwe amakhala otanganidwa nthawi zonse, akuyesera kupeza nsomba zazikulu. Amagwira sabrefish yokhala ndi nyambo ndi nyambo zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo yoyandama, ndodo yopota, donka (feeder). Njira yomaliza imawerengedwa kuti ndi yolonjeza kwambiri komanso yothandiza. Okonda nsomba akhala akuphunzira kale zizolowezi zonse za sabrefish, amadziwa kuti kuluma kwambiri kumayamba m'mawa, pomwe nsomba zimatanganidwa ndikudyetsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chekhon ku Russia
Monga tidamvetsetsa kale, nsomba za sabrefish zimakhala ndi moyo wokondana, wophatikizika, gawo logawira nsomba ndilokulirapo, koma poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka sikofanana. M'madera ena (nambala) ndi yayikulu, ndipo ina ndi yopanda tanthauzo. Zadziwika kuti kumpoto kwa boma lathu (Ilmen, Ladoga, Onega, ndi zina zambiri) sabrefish imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Mu beseni la Nyanja ya Caspian, akatswiri azachipatala apeza anthu angapo a sabrefish - Ural ndi Volga, nsomba zimasiyana kukula ndi msinkhu wake. Ofufuzawo akuti sukulu za Volga sabrefish ndizochulukirapo komanso zodzaza. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa Volga, ngati kuliyerekeza ndi Ural, kumakhala madera ambiri amadzi. Pali umboni kuti Azov sabrefish ilinso yambiri, imapanga anthu ambiri okhala kumadera akumpoto a Azov, komwe masukulu a nsomba amathamangira ku Don.
Osati kulikonse komwe kuli bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa ziweto za sabrefish, pali madera omwe kuchuluka kwa nsomba kwatsika kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuletsedwa kwa nsomba zake kumayambitsidwa kumeneko. Maderawa akuphatikizapo Moscow ndi dera la Moscow, komwe kuyambira 2018 sikuletsedwa konse kugwira nsomba m'madzi am'deralo. Zinthu zotsatirazi zidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wamalo achitetezo omwewo:
- Dera la Bryansk;
- kumpoto kwa Donets;
- Kufikira kumtunda kwa Dnieper;
- Lake Chelkar (Kazakhstan).
M'madera onsewa ndi matupi am'madzi, nsomba za sabrefish ndizoletsedwa, chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, m'malo ena nsomba iyi idapatsidwa chiwopsezo, chifukwa chake imafunikira njira zina zotetezera.
Chitetezo cha sabrefish
Chithunzi: Chekhon wochokera ku Red Book
M'madera ena, sabrefish ndi nsomba yaying'ono, yomwe nambala yake yatsika kwambiri pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana: kuchepa kwa matupi amadzi, kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Pogwirizana ndi izi, nsomba za sabrefish zalembedwa m'mabuku ofiira a Moscow, Tver, Kaluga, Bryansk. Nsombazi zimatetezedwa kumtunda kwa Dnieper, ku Donets Kumpoto, m'madzi am'madzi a Kazakh Chelkar. Zifukwa zowerengeka za sabrefish m'malo omwe adatchulidwazi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha mtundu wa nsomba, zomwe zimakonda mitsinje yayikulu kwambiri kumadera akumwera.
Tsopano ma sabrefish nthawi zambiri amaweta paokha, m'malo opangira, ngakhale kulibe kusowa kwakuthupi kotere.
Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa ziweto za sabrefish ndi izi:
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziletso zausodzi m'malo omwe anthu ake achepetsa kwambiri;
- kukulitsa zilango zakugwira nsomba zosavomerezeka za sabrefish;
- kugwira ntchito yokopa pakati pa asodzi, kudziwitsa zakusavomerezeka kwa kugwira nyama zazing'ono ndi mwachangu za sabrefish kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo (nyambo yamoyo) posodza nsomba zazikuluzikulu;
- kukonza zachilengedwe m'malo amadzi ambiri;
- Kuzindikiritsa ndi kuteteza malo omwe nsomba zimapezekera.
Pamapeto pake, zikuwonjezerabe kuti sabrefish nthawi zambiri imavutika chifukwa chakulawa kwake kwabwino, nyama yathanzi, momwe zingakonzedwe mbale zosiyanasiyana. Tsopano taphunzira za nsomba iyi osati kokha kuchokera kumbali ya gastronomic, komanso tinasanthula ma nuances onse ofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake, titaphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zophunzitsa. Osati pachabe nsomba adatcha nsomba-saber kapena saber, chifukwa imakhaladi ndi mawonekedwe ake oblong komanso opindika pang'ono, okhala ndi masikelo a silvery, amafanana ndi chida chakale chokhachi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.04.
Tsiku losintha: 15.02.2020 ku 15:28
