Cyanea (Cyanea capillata) ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka padziko lapansi. Cyanea ndi gawo limodzi mwamabanja "enieni". Maonekedwe ake ndiabwino ndipo amawoneka ngati osachita zenizeni. Asodzi amaganiza mosiyana maukonde awo atadzaza ndi ma jellyfish awa nthawi yachilimwe, komanso akafunika kudziteteza mwa kuvala zida zapadera ndi zikopa zamagalimoto zamoto kuti ateteze makutu awo ku mahema a cyanea. Ndipo kodi osamba amati chiyani akagundana ndi mchere wa gelatinous akusambira ndikuwona kutentha kwa khungu lawo? Ndipo izi ndizamoyo zomwe timagawana nazo ndipo, ngakhale zili ndi chiyambi, zimakhala ndi zinthu zosayembekezereka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Cyanea
Arctic cyanea ndiyomwe imakhala yoyamba pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi, monga woimira wamkulu kwambiri pamtunduwu. Imadziwikanso kuti ubweya wa cyanea kapena mane wa mkango. Mbiri yakusinthika kwa Cnidaria ndi yakale kwambiri. Jellyfish yakhalapo pafupifupi zaka 500 miliyoni. Anthu aku Cyane ali amtundu wa Cnidarian (Cnidaria), womwe uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 9000 yonse. Gulu loyambirira kwambiri limapangidwa ndi Scyphozoa jellyfish, pafupifupi 250.
Kanema: Cyanea
Chosangalatsa: Cyanea taxonomy siyofanana kwathunthu. Akatswiri ena a zinyama amati mitundu yonse ya zamoyo zomwe zili mkati mwa mtunduwo ziyenera kuchitidwa chimodzi.
Cyanos amatanthauzira kuchokera ku Latin - buluu, capillus - tsitsi. Cyanea ndi woimira scyphoid jellyfish wa dongosolo la discomedusas. Kuphatikiza pa Arctic cyanea, pali mitundu ina iwiri yosiyana, makamaka kum'mawa kwa North Atlantic, yokhala ndi blue jellyfish (Cyanea lamarckii) yamitundu yosiyana (ya buluu, osati yofiira) ndi yaying'ono (kukula kwa 10-20 cm, osachepera 35 cm) ...
Anthu akumadzulo kwa Pacific mozungulira Japan nthawi zina amatchedwa Japan Cyanea (Cyanea nozakii). Mu 2015, ofufuza ochokera ku Russia adalengeza za ubale womwe ungakhalepo ndi zamoyo, Cyanea tzetlinii, wopezeka mu White Sea, koma izi sizinadziwikebe ndi nkhokwe zina monga WoRMS kapena ITIS.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi cyane imawoneka bwanji
Jellyfish ndi madzi 94% ndipo ndi ofanana kwambiri. Ali ndi nsalu ziwiri. Nthendayi ya jellyfish imakhala ndi belu lozungulira mozungulira. Belu la cyanea limakhala ndi ma lobobe asanu ndi atatu, lililonse limakhala ndi mahema 70 mpaka 150, omwe amakhala m'mizere inayi yosiyana. M'mphepete mwa belu pali chiwonetsero pazigawo zisanu ndi zitatu zapakati pa ma lobes - zingwe, zomwe zimathandiza nsomba za jellyfish kuyenda. Kuchokera pakamwa pakatambasula ndikutambasula, kutulutsa mikono yapakamwa ndi maselo ambiri oyaka. Pafupi ndi pakamwa pake, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mahema kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 1200.
Zosangalatsa: Chimodzi mwazinthu zosiyana kwambiri ndi cyane ndi utoto wake. Chizolowezi chokhazikitsa masheya ndichachilendo. Ma nematocyst othandiza kwambiri a jellyfish ndi omwe amadziwika. Ngakhale nyama yakufa kapena chihema chodulidwa chimatha kuluma.
Zolemba zina zimakhala ndi ziwalo zomveka, kuphatikiza maenje onunkhira, ziwalo zoyeserera, ndi zolandirira zosavuta. Belu lake limakhala lalikulu masentimita 30 mpaka 80 m'mimba mwake, ndipo anthu ena amakula mpaka masentimita 180. Manja a mkamwa amakhala ofiirira okhala ndi zofiirira zofiira kapena zachikasu. Belu akhoza kukhala pinki ndi golide wofiira kapena bulauni bulauni. Cyanea ilibe zotsekemera zapoizoni m'mphepete mwa belu, koma ili ndi magulu asanu ndi atatu azolowera 150 pansi pa ambulera yake. Makinawa amakhala ndi maatocyst othandiza kwambiri, monga kumtunda kwa nsomba zam'madzi.
Thupi la Cyanea limapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zapamwamba kwambiri, khungu lakunja ndi gastrodermis wamkati. Pakati pawo pamakhala wosanjikiza womwe mulibe maselo, mesogloe. Mimba makamaka imakhala ndi zibowo. Imapeza kupitiriza kwake mumayendedwe ambiri. Kunja kuli dzenje limodzi lokha panja, lomwe limagwiranso ntchito ngati kamwa ndi anus. Kuphatikiza apo, ma netiweki abwino amadziwika, koma palibe ziwalo zenizeni.
Kodi cyanea amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Medusa cyanea
Mitundu ya cyanea imangokhala m'madzi ozizira, ozizira a Arctic, North Atlantic ndi North Pacific Ocean. Jellyfish iyi imapezeka kwambiri ku English Channel, ku Sea Sea, ku North Sea komanso kumadzulo kwa madzi aku Scandinavia kumwera kwa Kattegat ndi Øresund. Itha kuyendanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Baltic (komwe singathe kuberekana chifukwa cha mchere wochepa). Ofanana jellyfish - omwe atha kukhala amtundu womwewo - amadziwika kuti amakhala m'nyanja zoyandikira Australia ndi New Zealand.
Chosangalatsa: Chithunzi chachikulu kwambiri cholembedwa, chomwe chinapezeka mu 1870 m'mbali mwa Massachusetts Bay, chinali ndi belu lokulira mamitala 2.3 ndi ma tenti 37 mita kutalika.
Mbalame zotchedwa Cyanean jellyfish zakhala zikuwoneka kwakanthawi pansi pa 42 ° N m'malo akulu pagombe lakum'mawa kwa United States. Amapezeka mdera la pelagic ngati nyanja, komanso ma polyps m'chigawo cha benthic. Palibe mtundu uliwonse wopezeka womwe ungakhale ndi moyo m'madzi abwino kapena m'mitsinje chifukwa umafuna mchere wambiri panyanja. Cyanea siyimilanso mizu m'madzi ofunda, ndipo ikapezeka munyengo yovuta, kukula kwake sikupitilira theka la mita m'mimba mwake.
Zingwe zazitali, zopyapyala zomwe zimachokera kudera laling'ono la belu zimatchedwa "zomata kwambiri". Amakhalanso ndi maselo oyaka. Zoyeserera zamitundu yayikulu zimatha kutalika mpaka 30 m kapena kupitilira apo, ndi choyimira chotalika kwambiri, chotsukidwa kumtunda mu 1870, chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa mamitala 37. Kutalika kwachilendo kwa cyanea - kutalika kwa chinsomba cha buluu - kwapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinyama zodziwika kwambiri mu dziko lapansi.
Kodi cyanea amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tsitsi la cyanea
Cyanea waubweya ndi nyama yosakhutira komanso yopambana. Amagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zambiri kuti agwire nyama. Chakudya chikamagwidwa, cyanea imagwiritsa ntchito zotengera kuti ibweretse mkamwa mwake. Chakudya chimakumbidwa ndi michere kenako chimagawidwa kudzera munjira yamagalimoto m'thupi. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimagawidwa kudzera munjira zozungulira. Njira zozungulira izi zimapatsa nkhono zakudya zokwanira kusuntha ndi kusaka.
Nyamazo zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimadyetsa pafupifupi zooplankton zokha. Amagwira nyama mwa kufalikira ngati chophimba ndikumira pang'onopang'ono. Umu ndi m'mene nkhanu zing'onozing'ono zimagwidwa ndi zovuta zawo.
Chodya chachikulu cha cyanea ndi:
- zamoyo za planktonic;
- shirimpi;
- nkhanu zazing'ono;
- nsomba zina zazing'ono;
- nthawi zina nsomba yaing'ono.
Cyanea imagwira nyama yake, ndikulowetsa pang'onopang'ono, ndikufalitsa mahema mozungulira, ndikupanga ukonde wotchera. Nyamayo imalowa mu "ukonde" ndipo imadabwitsidwa ndi maatocysts, omwe nyamayo imalowetsa munthawi yake. Ndi nyama yolusa yomwe nyama zambiri zam'madzi zimawopa. Chimodzi mwa zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri cyanea ndi A urelia aurita. Chamoyo china chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimadya cyane ndi ctenophora (Ctenophora).
Zisa zimakopa chidwi chifukwa zimawononga zooplankton mdera lawo. Izi zimakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa pazachilengedwe chonse. Chakudya china chosangalatsa cha cyanea ndi Bristle-nsagwada. Owombera nyanjazi ndi zilombo zolusa m'njira zawo. Wotsatira wovulazidwa ndi jellyfish ndi Sarsia - mtundu wa Hydrozoa m'banja la Corynidae. Kanyama kakang'ono ka jellyfish ndi chakudya chabwino kwa chimphona cha cyanea.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Arctic Cyanea
Kuwonera ma cyani amoyo m'madzi kumatha kukhala kopweteka, chifukwa amakoka sitima yosaoneka yotalika pafupifupi mamitala atatu kudzera m'madzi. Jellyfish waubweya ndi omwe amasambira nthawi zonse omwe amatha kuthamanga mtunda wamakilomita angapo pa ola limodzi ndipo amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde am'nyanja. Amadziwika kuti amapanga ma shoals a kilomita imodzi omwe amatha kuwoneka pagombe la Norway komanso ku North Sea.
Zosangalatsa: Cyanea ikhoza kukhala yowopsa kwa osambira pogwiritsa ntchito matenti ake, koma siimagwira anthu.
Cyanei amakhalabe pafupi kwambiri pamtunda, pamtunda wosapitirira mamita 20. Kuthamanga kwawo pang'onopang'ono kumawakankhira patsogolo, motero amadalira mafunde am'nyanja kuti awathandize kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Jellyfish nthawi zambiri imapezeka kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi kugwa, ikakula mpaka kukula kwakukulu ndipo mafunde am'mphepete mwa nyanja amayamba kuwasesera kumtunda. M'madera omwe muli zakudya zambiri, jellyfish imathandiza kuyeretsa madzi.
Amayamwa mphamvu makamaka poyenda ndi kuberekana, chifukwa amadzipangira okha madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, samasiya chilichonse chowola. Anthu aku Cyane amakhala zaka zitatu zokha, nthawi zina moyo wawo umakhala miyezi 6 mpaka 9, ndipo amamwalira atabereka. M'badwo wa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Amatha kupanga nsomba modzidzimutsa kangapo ndipo amatha zaka zingapo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Giant Cyanea
Monga ambulera ya jellyfish m'bale, ubweya wa cyanea ndi wanzeru kwambiri m'badwo, kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamabisalira m'nyanja. Chodziwika bwino cha jellyfish yaubweya ndikuti mtundu wawo wamtundu ndi chomera chosatha motero umatha kupanga kang'onoting'ono kakang'ono. Monga ma jellyfish ena, cyanea amatha kuberekana nthawi zonse komanso nthawi yobereka asexual polyp site.
Ali ndi magawo anayi osiyanasiyana pamoyo wawo wapachaka:
- siteji yamatenda;
- polyp siteji;
- ether siteji;
- gawo la nsomba.
Mazira ndi umuna zimapangidwa ngati matumba mumalingaliro amakoma am'mimba. Maselo a majeremusi amadutsa pakamwa kuti apange umuna wakunja. Pankhani ya cyanea, mazirawo amakhala mkamwa mpaka milomoyo itakula. Mphutsi za planula kenako zimakhazikika pa gawo lapansi ndikusandulika. Pagawo lirilonse, ka disk kakang'ono kamapangidwa, ndipo ma disk angapo akapangidwa, chapamwamba kwambiri chimasweka ndikuyandama ngati ether. Ether amasintha kukhala mtundu wodziwika wa nsomba.
Jellyfish yachikazi imayikira mazira munthawi yake, pomwe mazirawo amakhala mphutsi. Mphutsi ikafika msinkhu wokwanira, mkaziyo amaiyika pamalo olimba, pomwe posachedwa mphutsiyo imakula n'kukhala tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Tinthu ting'onoting'ono timayamba kuberekana, ndikupanga zida zazing'ono zotchedwa ether. Epyrae aliyense amaphulika m'matumba momwe amakula mpaka gawo la jellyfish ndikukhala jellyfish wamkulu.
Adani achilengedwe a cyane
Chithunzi: Kodi cyanea imawoneka bwanji
Jellyfish iwonso ali ndi adani ochepa. Monga mtundu womwe umakonda madzi ozizira, ma jellyfish awa sangathe kulimbana ndi madzi otentha. Anthu aku Cyane ndi zolengedwa za pelagic kwa moyo wawo wonse, koma amakhala m'malo osaya, otetezedwa kumapeto kwa chaka. M'nyanja yotseguka, cyanea amakhala malo oyandama a mitundu ina monga nkhanu, stromateic, ray, zaprora ndi mitundu ina, kuwapatsa chakudya chodalirika ndikukhala chitetezo kwa adani.
Anthu aku Cyane amakhala adani:
- mbalame zam'nyanja;
- nsomba zazikulu monga sunfish;
- mitundu ina ya nsomba;
- akamba a m'nyanja.
Akamba amtundu wa leatherback amadyetsa pafupifupi cyanea ambiri nthawi yachilimwe ku Eastern Canada. Kuti akhale ndi moyo, amadya cyanide yonse isanakwane. Komabe, popeza akamba amtundu wa leatherback ndi ochepa kwambiri, palibe njira zodzitetezera zomwe zimafunikira kuti muchepetse kutha kwa cyanea chifukwa chakuchuluka kwake.
Kuphatikiza apo, khansa yaying'ono wamba, Hyperia galba, imakhala "mlendo" pafupipafupi wa nsomba zam'madzi. Sikuti imagwiritsa ntchito cyania ngati "wonyamula", komanso imagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokhazikika ndi "wolandila" m khomalo. Zomwe zingayambitse njala ya jellyfish komanso kufa kwina.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Medusa cyanea
Anthu aku Cyanea sanayesedwebe bwino ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature, koma lero sizikuwoneka kuti mitunduyo ili pachiwopsezo chilichonse. Kumbali inayi, ziwopsezo za anthu, kuphatikiza mafuta omwe atayika komanso zinyalala zam'madzi, zitha kupha zamoyozi.
Pogwirizana ndi thupi la munthu, zimatha kupweteketsa kwakanthawi komanso kufiira kwakanthawi. Pazikhalidwe zabwinobwino komanso mwa anthu athanzi, kulumidwa kwawo sikupha, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahema atalumikizidwa, chithandizo chamankhwala chimalimbikitsidwa. Kumverera koyamba ndi kwachilendo kuposa kowawa, ndipo kumafanana ndi kusambira m'madzi otentha, ozizira pang'ono. Zowawa zina zazing'ono zidzatsatira posachedwa.
Nthawi zambiri palibe chowopsa chilichonse kwa anthu (kupatula anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa china). Koma ngati wina walumidwa m'thupi lonse, osati kokha chifukwa chazitali kwambiri, komanso ndi jellyfish yonse (kuphatikiza matenthedwe amkati, omwe pafupifupi 1200), kulimbikitsidwa kuchipatala. M'madzi akuya, kulumidwa mwamphamvu kumatha kubweretsa mantha, kenako ndikumira.
Zosangalatsa: Tsiku la Julayi mu 2010, pafupifupi okonda gombe pafupifupi 150 adalumidwa ndi zotsalira za cyanea, zomwe zidagawika mzidutswa zambirimbiri ku Wallis Sands State Beach ku United States. Popeza kukula kwa mitunduyi, nkutheka kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa chimodzi.
Cyanea theoretically imatha kusunga ma cnidocyte kwathunthu mpaka atawonongeka. Kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti ma cnidocyte amatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali atamwalira nsomba, koma ndi kuchepa kwa magazi. Poizoni wawo ndi choletsa champhamvu kuzilombo. Zitha kuyambitsa matuza opweteka, okhalitsa komanso kukwiya kwambiri mwa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kutuluka kwa minofu, mavuto opuma komanso mavuto amtima ndizothekanso mwa anthu omwe atengeka.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 25.01.2020
Tsiku losinthidwa: 07.10.2019 pa 0:58
