Oyimira ambiri a banja la tit amadziwika ndi aliyense. Ma titmice ochepa amakhala pafupi ndi anthu; ndizovuta kuwasokoneza ndi mbalame zina. Imodzi mwa mbalame zachilendo kwambiri za titmouse ndi mutu wachisanu... Anthu akumidzi amadziwa zambiri za iye, koma mumzinda mbalamezi sizidziwika bwino ndi anthu. Ambiri samazindikira ngakhale malo oterewa pakati pa mbalame zina zam'mizinda: nkhwangwa, jays, akhwangwala, mpheta, nkhunda. Chodabwitsa ndichani pamitengo yodzipangira? Zambiri za moyo, mawonekedwe, kuberekanso kwa ma titmate okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zitha kupezeka patsamba lino.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Crested Tit
Chotchedwa crested tit ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri. Iye ndi membala wa gulu lopitilira, banja la tit. Mbalamezi zimadziwika mu mtundu wina - "Crested Tits". M'Chilatini, dzina la mtundu uwu limamveka ngati Lophophanes cristatus. Nyama imeneyi imatchedwanso grenadier. Lili ndi dzinali chifukwa cha tuft, lomwe limawoneka ngati chipewa cha grenadier. Grenadiers amakhala m'zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Iwo anali apamadzi apamwamba.
Chosangalatsa: Malo okhalamo ma grenadiers ndi nkhalango za coniferous. Mbalame zazing'onozi zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri m'nkhalango. Amawononga tizilombo todwalitsa tambiri, kupulumutsa mitengo ku imfa zina.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pazigawo zazing'ono ndi zachilendo ndi kupezeka kwachitsulo. Chimawoneka kwambiri, chimakhala ndi nthenga zoyera zokhala ndi mizere yopingasa ya imvi. Grenadier, monga ena onse a titmouse, ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikumangodutsa masentimita khumi ndi limodzi. Kukula kwake kungafanane ndi tit ya buluu.
Kanema: Crested Tit
Ma titmice okhala ndi ziboda amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ma titmouse osati mawonekedwe awo okha. Palinso zosiyana pamakhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zomwe zimakonda kudya sizimangokhala. Nthawi zambiri amayendayenda, kokha nthawi yozizira kwambiri kapena chifukwa chosowa chakudya m'malo awo. Ma Titmouses amayenda limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame: anapiye, ma kinglet.
Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya ma grenadiers mwachilengedwe:
- c. christatus;
- c. abadiei;
- c. mayendedwe;
- c. scoticus Prazák;
- c. bureschi;
- c. weigoldi;
- c. baschkirikus Snigirewski.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mutu wachikale umawonekera
Sitimayi yokhala ndi tuft ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja:
- kukula pang'ono. Mbalamezi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa tit. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala pakati pa masentimita khumi ndi chimodzi mpaka khumi ndi anayi. Mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri. Kulemera kwa nyama - zosaposa magalamu khumi ndi limodzi;
- imvi yoyera pamutu. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chakunja. Ndi iye amene mungathe kusiyanitsa grenadier ndi ena onse m'banjamo. Crest imapangidwa ndi nthenga zoyera ndi zakuda. Kwa akazi, monga lamulo, malowa ndi ocheperako, ali ndi mtundu wofowoka;
- mtundu wofanana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Pamwamba pa thupi la mbalameyi ndi penti wotuwa, pansi pake pamayera ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta ocher. Mzere wakuda wowala umayambira m'mphepete mwa diso mpaka pakamwa pa mbalame. Mzerewu umapanga "kachigawo" kakuda. Amawoneka wokongola kwambiri motsutsana ndi tsaya loyera;
- mapiko akuda, mchira, mlomo. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Mlomo ndi waung'ono koma wamphamvu. Ndi chithandizo chake, mbalamezo zimatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'makungwa a mitengo;
- maso ang'ono. Iris ndi bulauni. Maso a mbalame ndi abwino kwambiri;
- miyendo yolimba. Miyendo ndi yakuda mdima wakuda. Phazi lililonse lili ndi zala zinayi. Zitatu mwa izo zitsogoleredwa kutsogolo, chimodzi - kumbuyo. Kukonzekera kwa zala kumathandiza kuti corydalis igwire mwamphamvu kunthambi.
Chosangalatsa: Crest sikuti imangokhala gawo lowoneka bwino lamtunduwu wamatenda. Ichi ndi chida chofotokozera momwe akumvera. Kutalika kwa Crest, mbali ya malingaliro imadalira momwe zimakhalira.
Kodi titststst amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tit crested tit
Mtundu wa titmouse uwu ndiofala kwambiri ku Europe. Malo okhala achilengedwe amachokera ku Iberian Peninsula mpaka ku Urals. Crested titmice amakhala ambiri ku Russia, Scotland, Spain, France ndi Ukraine. Mbalamezi sizikhala ku Italy, Greece, Great Britain, Asia Minor, Scandinavia.
Malo okhala achilengedwe amatengera mtundu wa titsted. Chifukwa chake, p. c. Cristatus amakhala kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, r. scoticus Prazák - pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Scotland. Kumadzulo kwa France, r. Abadiei, ndi p. Weigoldi amapezeka kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Iberia. Subspecies r. baschkirikus Snigirewski amakhala ku Urals.
Ambiri mwa mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi mbalame zimakhala pansi. Nyama sikusintha malo ake okhala. Siziwonetsa chidwi ndi maulendo ataliatali. Nthawi zina mbalame zimatha kusuntha pang'ono. Poterepa, kusamukirako kumakakamizidwa, komwe kumakhala anthu akumpoto. Corydalis amayenera kusiya nyumba zawo chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Zanyengo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ma grenadiers. Amapewa madera otentha kwambiri kapena ozizira kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo otentha. Kwa moyo wonse, malo okhala ndi mitengo yayikulu amasankha nkhalango zamphesa, minda, mapaki, minda ya beech. Mitengo yakale, yovunda iyenera kupezeka mdera lomwe mwasankha. Corydalis alibe chidwi ndi minda yovuta. Amapewa nkhalango zamtunduwu.
Chosangalatsa: Mitengo yamtengo wapatali yomwe imakhala kumwera kwa Europe ili ndi zokonda zamitengo. Kwa iwo, ziyangoyango za ku Makedoniya ndi rock oak zimakopa kwambiri. Ndi m'malo awa momwe nyama zazikulu kwambiri zimawonekera.
Kodi crested tit amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Crested Tit, ndi grenadier
Zakudya za Corydalis zimadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimakhala chochepa komanso chosasangalatsa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimakhala nthawi yayitali pachipale chofewa. Kumeneko akuyesera kuti apeze mbewu, zopanda mafupa, zomwe zinawululidwa kuchokera mumitengo ndi mphepo. Komanso, zakudya zimaphatikizapo mbewu zamitengo: spruce, pine. Ngati kulibe chakudya chokwanira, mbalameyo imatha kusamukira kumadera oyandikana nawo.
M'nyengo yotentha, chakudyacho chimakhala chokulirapo. Mulinso Lepidoptera, Beetles, Homoptera, Spider. Nthawi zambiri, kafadala amadya mbozi, ma weevils, kafadala komanso masamba a m'masamba. Mwa kukonda zakudya izi, mawere opakidwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri m'nkhalango. Tizilombo tambiri tatchulazi ndi tizirombo. Kawirikawiri, zakudya zimaphatikizapo ntchentche, hymenoptera, ndi tizilombo tina tating'ono.
Katemera wa njala amatha kukhala ndi maola ambiri akufunafuna chakudya chokha. Amayang'anitsitsa mtengo uliwonse m'nkhalango, ndikuyang'ana pansi ngati pali chakudya choyenera. Chilichonse chaching'ono chimayang'aniridwa ndi iye: nthambi, ming'alu ya makungwa, ming'alu. Kupatula apo, ndi m'malo omwe mungapeze mbozi, mazira a tizilombo, ndi zakudya zina zabwino. Corydalis imayang'ana nyama zazikulu kuchokera mlengalenga. Amatha "kuthyola" nthawi yomweyo mlengalenga, atazindikira china chake chodyedwa pamtengo kapena pansi. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, tit yotchedwa crested tit ndi msaki wabwino kwambiri!
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Crested Tit
Grenadier ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri pamtundu uliwonse. Nyama izi zimayesetsa kuti zizikhala kutali ndi anthu, zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango. Komabe, m'nthawi yathu ino, mutha kuwona zochulukirapo m'mudzimo komanso m'mapaki amzindawu. Amagwirizana ndi mbalame zina, nthawi zambiri zimaimira titmice. A grenadiers amayimba mwakachetechete. Kulira kwawo kumamveka kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Monga tanenera kale, dzina loti "crested tit" limakhala m'minda yamitengo ya coniferous. Amapewa nkhalango zowononga kwambiri. Kwa moyo wonse, chinyama chimasankha nkhalango zapakati ndi nkhalango za paini. Nthawi zambiri amasankha mitengo ing'onoing'ono kukaikira mazira. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Grenadiers amapewa kuyandikana kwambiri ndi anthu. Amakonda kukhala moyo wawo kuthengo, kumangowonekera m'midzi, m'mapaki am'mizinda ndi mabwalo.
Mitengo yamitunduyi imakhala nyama yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Sangakhale chete. Tsiku lililonse mbalamezi zimayang'ana m'nkhalango ngati zili ndi chakudya. Iwo samangodya nyama yawo yokha, komanso amaiyika mu chisa, mosungira. Corydalis amakhala ndi chakudya chaka chonse. Izi zimawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo m'nyengo yozizira pamene tizilombo sitikupezeka. Ma Grenadiers amamanga nyumba mu zitsa ndi mitengo yakale. Amasankha zachilengedwe. Nthawi zina zisa za akungubwe ndi agologolo zimakhala. Nyumba zawo zimayikidwa mkati mwa mita zitatu kuchokera pansi.
Chosangalatsa: Zimadziwika kuti mbalame zambiri zimasintha nthenga zawo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, nyengo, nyengo. Amitundumitundu amakhala ndi utoto wawo chaka chonse.
Grenadier ndi mbalame yophunzira. Amakhala mosavuta pagulu lomwelo ndi ma kinglet, ma pikas, achule amphaka, opalasa. Chifukwa cha odula mitengo, timagulu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapulumuka timapulumuka. Pakati pa mbalame zam'magulu ake, mbalame yodabwitsayo imatha kuzindikiridwa osati ndi zizindikilo zakunja kokha, komanso ndi phokoso lake la burr.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Crested Tit, kapena Grenadier
Nyengo yokhwima ya mbalame zamtunduwu imayamba mchaka. Kumapeto kwa Marichi, Corydalis akuzifunira okha, amayamba kumanga zisa. Zinyama zimakhala ziwiri ziwiri. Amuna nthawi zambiri amayimba mokweza nthawi yakumasirana. Zimatenga pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi limodzi kuti zimange chisa cha ma grenadiers. Nthawi zina zimapezeka kuti zimamanga chisa mwachangu - sabata limodzi. Ena awiri amakhala m'misasa yokhazikitsidwa ndi mbalame zina.
Zisa za Corydalis zimayikidwa m'kati mwa mitengo, ziphuphu zovunda zokhala ndi cholowera chochepa. Nthawi zambiri "nyumba" zimamangidwa osati zazitali - pamtunda wosaposa mita zitatu kuchokera pansi. Komabe, mwachilengedwe, zisa za Corydalis zapezeka, zomwe zili pansi komanso patali kwambiri ndi nthaka. Kuti apange chisa, titmouse imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana: ndere, ubweya, tsitsi, kufesa mbewu, ziphuphu, zikoko za tizilombo. Pafupifupi masiku khumi chisa chamangidwa, yaikazi imayamba kuikira mazira. M'chaka chimodzi, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala ndi ana awiri.
Chosangalatsa: Corydalis ndi oyamba kuikira mazira. Amapezeka m'zisa m'nthawi yoyamba ya Epulo.
Nthawi ina, kachilomboka kakakhala kakuikira mazira pafupifupi asanu ndi anayi. Mazirawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, amakhala ndi chipolopolo chonyezimira, choyera chokhala ndi mawanga ofiira komanso ofiirira. Kulemera kwake, mazirawo samapitilira magalamu 1.3, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamilimita 16 okha. Mazirawo ataswa, mkazi amakhalabe m'chisa. Amayala ana amtsogolo masiku khumi ndi asanu. Pakadali pano, banja lake limachita nawo mafoloko. Amuna samangodya okha, komanso amadyetsa akazi. Pakatha milungu iwiri, anapiye amabadwa. Amabadwa osowa chochita, motero poyamba amasamalidwa ndi makolo awo.
Adani achilengedwe amtundu wofikira
Chithunzi: Momwe mutu wachikale umawonekera
Grenadier ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri. Satha kudziteteza kuthengo. Pachifukwa ichi, nyama zoterezi zimakhamukira m'magulu. Mwanjira imeneyi amakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Pofuna kuti asagwidwe ndi chilombo, timitengoti tifunika kusamala kwambiri, ngakhale titakhala pangozi pang'ono, timabisala m'ming'alu yopapatiza yomwe ili mumitengoyi. Corydalis amathandizira maluso awo achilengedwe kuti adziteteze ku imfa ina. Zimauluka mwachangu, zosunthika.
Adani achilengedwe amtundu wofikira ndi awa:
- mbalame zodya nyama. Pafupifupi mbalame zonse zodya nyama ndi zoopsa. Akhwangwala, akadzidzi a mphungu, kadzidzi sadzakana konse kudya ndi grenadier. Nyama zolusa zimaukira mbalame zazing'ono mlengalenga. Amagwira mwaluso nyama zawo;
- amphaka... Amphaka amphaka amasakidwa ndi amphaka amtchire, koma nthawi zina amakhala nyama ya amphaka wamba. Amphaka am'nyumba amalimbana ndi mbalame zomwe mwangozi zimasochera paki, pabwalo la nyumba yapayokha;
- martens, nkhandwe. Nyama izi zimagwira mbalame zazing'ono pansi zikafuna tirigu;
- matabwa, agologolo. Ndi nyamazi, ma grenadi amapikisana nawo mabowo abwino kwambiri m'nkhalango. Mbalame zotchedwa Woodpeckers, agologolo nthawi zambiri zimawononga nyumba zopindika, nthawi zina zimaba mazira, ndikupha ana.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tit crested tit
Chotchedwa crested tit ndi nyama yofala. Malo ake amakhala pafupifupi Europe yonse, South Urals. Iyi ndi mbalame yokhazikika yomwe imangosintha malo okhala pokhapokha. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa anthu ake kumatsatiridwa mosavuta ndi asayansi. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala pakati pa 6 mpaka 12 miliyoni. Idapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi Conservation Status: Least Concern.
Kukula kwa anthu kumakhala kokhazikika nthawi zonse. Ndi nthawi zina pokhapokha kukula kwa anthu kumasintha modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, imachepa kwambiri pazaka ndi nyengo yozizira. Mbalame zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha chisanu komanso kusowa kwa chakudya. Komabe, kumapeto kwa masika, ma teti ophatikizika amayambiranso kuchuluka kwawo chifukwa chobala kwambiri. Mu gulu limodzi la mbalame yopatsidwa, nthawi zonse pamakhala mazira osachepera anayi. Mkazi amatha kubereka ana kawiri pachaka.
Chosangalatsa: Crested tits amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asayansi ngati nyama zoyeserera. Ndi chithandizo chawo, chilengedwe ndi machitidwe a mbalame amaphunziridwa. Komanso, ma grenadiers amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuza kwasayansi ndi akatswiri azamoyo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu pakadali pano chakwera. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zoyipa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame zichepe. Izi siziziritso zokha, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mayimidwe a coniferous. Kudula mitengo mopanda malire kungapangitse zinyama kutha.
Crested tit Ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yofalikira. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owala, osaiwalika ndipo imathandiza kwambiri chilengedwe, kuwononga tizilombo todetsa nkhawa m'nkhalango za coniferous. Ma Grenadiers ndi mbalame za nyimbo. Kulira kwawo mwakachetechete kumamveka kumapeto kwa Marichi. Masiku ano mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazikika.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 01/21/2020
Idasinthidwa: 04.10.2019 pa 23:39
