Kadinala wofiira Ndi mbalame yayikulu yayitali, yayitali yayitali yokhala ndi mlomo wawufupi, wakuda kwambiri komanso chotupa. Makadinala ofiira nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo osakoka ndi mchira wawo kuloza molunjika pansi. Mbalameyi imakhala m'minda, kumbuyo ndi malo okhala ndi matabwa m'mphepete mwa madzi a Chesapeake Bay.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kadinala Wofiira
Kadinala wofiira (Cardinalis cardinalis) ndi mbalame yaku North America yamakadinala amtunduwu. Amadziwikanso kuti kadinala wakumpoto. Dzinalo komanso dzina la sayansi la kadinala wofiira limatanthauza makadinali a Mpingo wa Roma Katolika, omwe amavala mikanjo yawo yofiira ndi zisoti. Mawu oti "kumpoto" mu dzina lake lonse amatanthauza kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa ndi mitundu yakumpoto kwambiri ya makadinala. Zonsezi, pali ma 19 subspecies a makadinali ofiira, omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi utoto. Amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zitatu, ngakhale ena amakhala ndi moyo wazaka 13 mpaka 15.
Kanema: Kadinali Wofiira
Kadinala wofiira ndiye mbalame yovomerezeka ya boma yosachepera mayiko asanu ndi awiri akum'mawa. Zowonjezera kumwera chakumwera chakum'maŵa, zafutukula kumpoto chakazaka zambiri ndipo tsopano zikuwala masiku achisanu ndi nyimbo zake ndi nyimbo yake yakumpoto kwambiri kumpoto, monga kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada. Odyetsa omwe amapereka mbewu za mpendadzuwa amatha kuthandizira kufalikira chakumpoto. Kumadzulo kwa Zidikha Zazikulu, Kadinala wofiira samapezeka, koma m'chipululu chakumwera chakumadzulo amagawidwa kwanuko.
Zosangalatsa: Anthu ambiri amasokonezeka masika aliwonse pomwe kadinala wofiira amamuwonekera pazenera, kalilole wamagalimoto kapena bampala wonyezimira. Amuna ndi akazi amatero, ndipo nthawi zambiri nthawi yachilimwe ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe, akamangokhalira kuteteza madera awo kuti asawukire. Mbalamezi zimatha kulimbana ndi adaniwo kwa maola ambiri osataya mtima. Patatha milungu ingapo, milingo yamankhwala okwiya ikamachepa, ziwopsezozi zimayenera kuyima (ngakhale mayi m'modzi amasungabe izi tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi osayima).
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kardinali wofiira amawoneka bwanji
Makadinali ofiira ndi mbalame za nyimbo zapakatikati. Amuna ndi ofiira owala, kupatula chigoba chakuda pamaso. Ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wofiira. Akazi ndi ofiira kapena obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira ndi owoneka ofiira ofiira ndikusowa chigoba chakuda (koma mbali zina za nkhope zawo zitha kukhala zakuda).
Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi milomo yakuda wonyezimira yofiira wonyezimira, mchira wautali komanso nthenga yosiyanasiyananso pamutu pake. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi. Amuna amatalika masentimita 22.2 mpaka 23.5, pomwe akazi amatalika masentimita 20.9 mpaka 21.6. Kulemera kwapakati kwa makadinali ofiira akuluakulu ndi magalamu 42 mpaka 48. Mapiko ake amakhala 30.5 cm. makadinali ofiira amafanana ndi akazi, koma ali ndi imvi osati milomo yofiira lalanje.
Zosangalatsa: Pali ma subspecies 18 a makadinala ofiira. Ambiri mwa ma subspecies amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi akazi.
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri zanyimbo ku North America, makadinali ofiira amuna ndi akazi amatha kuimba. Monga mwalamulo, mbalame zanyimbo zokha ndizomwe zimatha kuyimba. Amakhala ndi mawu amodzi, monga "chip-chip-chip" yakuthwa kwambiri kapena moni wautali. Amakonda kusankha mayimbidwe apamwamba kwambiri oimba. Mwamuna adzagwiritsa ntchito mayitanidwe ake kuti akope mkaziyo, pomwe kadinala wofiira wamkazi amayimba kuchokera pachisa chake, mwina kumuyitana mnzake ngati uthenga woti adye.
Zosangalatsa: Kadinala wofiira wakale kwambiri wakale anali wamkazi, ndipo anali ndi zaka 15 ndi miyezi 9 pomwe adapezeka ku Pennsylvania.
Kardinali wofiira amakhala kuti?
Kadinala Wofiira Wofiira ku America
Padziko lonse lapansi pali Makadinali Red 120 miliyoni, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala kum'mawa kwa United States, kenako Mexico, kenako kumwera kwa Canada. Ku United States, amapezeka ku Maine kupita ku Texas komanso kumwera kudzera ku Mexico, Belize, ndi Guatemala. Amakhalanso m'malo a Arizona, California, New Mexico, ndi Hawaii.
Magawo a Cardinal wofiira awonjezeka pazaka 50 zapitazi, kuphatikiza New York ndi New England, ndipo akupitilizabe kufalikira kumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mizinda, madera ozungulira anthu ndi anthu omwe amapereka chakudya chaka chonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi moyo m'malo ozizira. Makadinala ofiira amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira monga m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, minda yodzaza, maheji, madambo, mesquite ndi malo okongoletsera.
Chifukwa chake, a Red Cardinals amachokera kudera la Nearctic. Amapezeka kum'maŵa ndi pakati pa North America kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita kumadera ena a Mexico ndi Central America. Adawonekeranso ku California, Hawaii ndi Bermuda. Makadinala ofiira awonjezera kuchuluka kwawo kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha pang'ono, malo okhala anthu, ndi chakudya chowonjezera chomwe chimapezeka kwa odyetsa mbalame.
Makadinali ofiira amakonda nkhalango m'mphepete, mipanda ndi zomera kuzungulira nyumba. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa china cha kuchuluka kwawo kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Makadinala ofiira amapindulanso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amawadyetsa komanso mbalame zina zomwe zimadya mbewu kumbuyo kwawo.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa kumene Kadinala wofiira amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame iyi imadya.
Kodi Cardinal wofiira amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kadinala wofiyira mbalame
Makadinali ofiira ndi omnivores. Zakudya za kadinala wofiira zimakhala ndi mbewu, tirigu, ndi zipatso. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizidwanso ndi tizilombo, omwe ndiwo chakudya chambiri cha anapiye awo. Tizilombo tina tomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi monga kafadala, agulugufe, centipedes, cicadas, crickets, ntchentche, katidids, njenjete, ndi akangaude.
M'miyezi yachisanu, amadalira kwambiri mbewu zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa odyetsa, ndipo zomwe amakonda ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa mumafuta ndi mbewu zosungira. Zakudya zina zomwe amakonda ndi dogwood, mphesa zakutchire, buckwheat, zitsamba, sedges, mulberries, blueberries, mabulosi akuda, sumac, mtengo wa tulip ndi chimanga. Mitengo ya mabulosi abuluu, mabulosi ndi mabulosi akutchire ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zobzala mbewu chifukwa zimakhala chakudya komanso pogona m'nkhalango zawo.
Kuti azioneka bwino, amadya mphesa kapena zipatso za dogwood. Pakakudya chakudya, timatumba ta zipatso timalowa m'magazi, m'matumba a nthenga, ndikuzimitsa. Ngati kadinala wofiira sangapeze zipatsozo, mthunzi wake umatha pang'onopang'ono.
Zosangalatsa: Makadinali ofiira amapeza utoto wowala kuchokera ku inki zomwe zimapezeka mu zipatso ndi zida zina zazomera pazakudya zawo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kukopa makadinali ofiira ndi wodyetsa mbalame. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, makadinala sangathe kusintha mayendedwe awo mwachangu, motero odyetsa mbalame amafunika kukhala akulu kuti athe kutera mosavuta. Amafuna kumva kuti ndi otetezedwa akamadya, choncho ndibwino kuyika wodyetsa pafupifupi 1.5-1.8m pamwamba panthaka komanso pafupi ndi mitengo kapena tchire. Makadinali ofiira nawonso amadyetsa nthaka ndipo adzakondwera kusiya chakudya pansi pa wodyetsa mbalame. Mitundu ina yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera mbalame imaphatikizapo odyetsa okhala ndi malo okhala otseguka.
Makadinali ofiira amagwiritsira ntchito mabafa pakumwa ndi kusamba. Chifukwa chakukula kwamakadinala ambiri, ndibwino kukhala ndi malo osambira mbalame 5 mpaka 8 cm pakatikati. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kusamba mbalame zotentha kapena kumiza chotenthetsera mosambira nthawi zonse. Madzi osamba a mbalame zamtundu uliwonse ayenera kusinthidwa kangapo pamlungu. Ngati gwero lamadzi silikuwonetsedwa, makadinala ofiira amayenera kuchoka ndikukawapeza kwina, monga dziwe, mtsinje, kapena mtsinje.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kadinala Wofiira m'nyengo yozizira
Makadinala ofiira samasamukira kwina ndipo amakhala azaka zosiyanasiyana. Amagwira ntchito masana, makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, makadinala ambiri amathamangira ndikukhala limodzi. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, amakhala ndi gawo limodzi.
Makadinala ofiira amakonda malo obisika komwe amakhala otetezeka. Mtundu wa madera omwe amapereka chithunzi chabwino ndi mipesa yolimba, mitengo ndi zitsamba. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ndi zitsamba zomwe makadinala ofiira amafikira pazisa. Kudzala zitsamba monga mipesa, honeysuckle, dogwood ndi juniper zitha kukhala chivundikiro chokwanira cha zisa zawo. M'nyengo yozizira, mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso zitsamba zimapereka malo okhala otetezedwa komanso okwanira kwa mbalamezi zomwe sizimangokhala.
Makadinali ofiira sagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi opangira mazira. M'malo mwake, chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimasaka chisa chophimbidwa kwambiri sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri chachikazi chisanayambe kuchimanga. Malo omwe amakhala amakhala kuti chisa chimakokedwa ndi mphanda zazing'ono m'tchire, mmera, kapena mpira. Chisa chimakhala chobisika nthawi zonse m'masamba wandiweyani. Mitengo ndi zitsamba zofala kwambiri zomwe makadinala ofiira amasankha ndi dogwood, honeysuckle, paini, hawthorn, mphesa, spruce, hemlock, mabulosi akutchire, tchire la rose, elms, elderberries ndi mapulo a shuga.
Zosangalatsa: Makadinala achikazi ofiira ali ndi udindo womanga zisa. Nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa kuchokera ku nthambi, singano za paini, udzu ndi zinthu zina zobzala.
Malo akasankhidwa, amuna nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zisa kwa akazi. Zipangazi ndizophatikizira makungwa, timitengo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, mipesa, udzu, masamba, singano zapaini, ulusi wazomera, mizu ndi zimayambira. Mkazi amathyola nthambi ndi milomo yake mpaka zitasinthasintha, kenako amawakankhira ndi zikopa zake, ndikupanga kapu.
Chisa chilichonse chimakhala ndi nthambi zinayi zosalala, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi mphasa ya masamba, yokutidwa ndi makungwa a mpesa, kenako ndikumeta ndi singano zapaini, udzu, zimayambira ndi mizu. Chisa chilichonse chimatenga masiku khumi. Red Cardinals amangogwiritsa ntchito malo awo obisalapo kamodzi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala mitengo, tchire ndi zinthu zambiri pafupi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kadinala wofiira wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
M'madera akumwera, a Red Cardinals amadziwika kuti amaswana ana atatu mu nyengo imodzi. M'madera apakati, samakonda kubereka kuposa amodzi. Makadinali ofiira ndi makolo apadera. Amuna amagawana udindo wa kholo ndi mnzake, kudyetsa ndikusamalira mayi nthawi yonseyi komanso pambuyo pake. Chibadwa cha abambo ake chimamuthandiza kuteteza mayi ndi ana mpaka atachoka pachisacho.
Makadinala ofiira achichepere nthawi zambiri amatsatira makolo awo pansi kwa masiku angapo atachoka pachisa. Amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi makolo awo mpaka atapeza chakudya paokha. Pomwe yamphongo imasamalira banja lake, mtundu wake wofiyira nthawi zambiri amasintha kukhala mthunzi wofiirira.
Nthawi zokwatirana za makadinali ofiira ndi Marichi, Meyi, Juni ndi Julayi. Kukula kwakukulu - kuchokera mazira 2 mpaka 5. Dziralo ndi lalitali 2.2 mpaka 2.7 cm, 1.7 mpaka 2 cm mulifupi, ndipo limalemera magalamu 4.5. Mazirawo ndi ofiira komanso owala bwino ndi ubweya wobiriwira, wabuluu kapena wabulauni, wokhala ndi zotuwa za imvi, zofiirira kapena zofiira. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi masiku 11 mpaka 13. Amphona amabadwa amaliseche, kupatula zikwangwani zina zotuwa, maso awo ndi otseka ndipo ndiwopunduka.
Magawo amoyo amakadinala achichepere ofiira:
- cub - kuyambira masiku 0 mpaka 3. Maso ake sanatsegulidwe, pakhoza kukhala ziphuphu pansi pa thupi lake. Osakonzeka kusiya chisa;
- mwana wankhuku - kuchokera masiku 4 mpaka 13. Maso ake ndi otseguka, ndipo nthenga zomwe zili pamapiko ake zimafanana ndi machubu, chifukwa sanatulukemo zigoba zoteteza. Iyenso sali wokonzeka kusiya chisa;
- achichepere - masiku 14 kapena kupitirira. Mbalameyi ndi nthenga kwathunthu. Mapiko ake ndi mchira wake ukhoza kukhala waufupi ndipo mwina sangakwanitse kuthawa, komabe amatha kuyenda, kulumpha ndi kukuwuluka. Wasiya chisa, ngakhale makolo ake atha kukhalapo kuti athandize ndikuteteza ngati pakufunika kutero.
Adani achilengedwe a makadinali ofiira
Chithunzi: Kardinali wofiira amawoneka bwanji
Makadinala ofiira achikulire akhoza kudyedwa ndi amphaka amphaka, agalu oweta, nkhwangwa za Cooper, zikwangwani zakumpoto, agologolo agulu lakummawa, kadzidzi wa khutu lalitali. Anapiye ndi mazira amakhala pachiwopsezo cha njoka, mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono. Zowononga anapiye ndi mazira zimaphatikizapo njoka zamkaka, njoka zakuda, ma jay buluu, agologolo ofiira, ndi chipmunks akum'mawa. Mitembo ya ng'ombe imathanso kuba mazira pachisa, nthawi zina amawadya.
Akakumana ndi chilombo pafupi ndi chisa chawo, makadinala ofiira achimuna ndi achikazi amapatsa alamu, yomwe ndi mawu achidule, olasa, ndikuwulukira kulowera chilombocho pofuna kuwopseza. Koma samakumana mokakamira ndi adani.
Chifukwa chake, odyetsa odziwika a makhadinali ofiira ndi awa:
- Amphaka apakhomo (Felis silvestris);
- agalu oweta (Canis lupusiliaris);
- Ziwombankhanga za Cooper (Accipiter cooperii);
- Chidole chaku America (Lanius ludovicianus);
- shrike yakumpoto (Lanius excubitor);
- Gologolo wa Caroline (Sciurus carolinensis);
- nkhuku zazitali (Asio otus);
- Ziwombankhanga za Kum'maŵa (Otus Asio);
- njoka zamkaka (Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides);
- njoka yakuda (Coluber constrictor);
- njoka yakuda imvi (Pantherophis obsoletus);
- buluu jay (Cyanocitta cristata);
- nkhandwe (Sciurus niger);
- agologolo ofiira (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus);
- chipmunks chakummawa (Tamias striatus);
- Mtembo wa ng'ombe wofiirira (Molothrus ater).
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kadinala Wofiira
Makadinali ofiira akuwoneka kuti akuchulukirachulukira komanso kuchuluka kwa zaka 200 zapitazi. Izi mwina ndi zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu. Padziko lonse pali anthu pafupifupi 100 miliyoni. Popeza makhadinala ofiira amadya mbewu ndi zipatso zambiri, amatha kumwaza mbewu zina. Zitha kuthandizanso kuphatikizika kwa gulu lazomera pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu.
Makadinala ofiira amapatsa chakudya adani awo. Nthawi zina amalera anapiye a ng'ombe zofiirira zam'mutu, zomwe zimawononga zisa zawo, kuthandiza anthu akomweko amitembo ya ng'ombe yakuda. Makadinali ofiira amakhalanso ndi tiziromboti tambiri mkati ndi kunja. Makadinali ofiira amakhudza anthu mwa kumwaza mbewu ndi kudya tizirombo monga ma weevils, hacksaws, ndi mbozi. Amakhalanso alendo obwera kunyumba zawo zodyetsa mbalame. Palibe zovuta zodziwika za Red Cardinals pa anthu.
Makadinala ofiira akale anali amtengo wapatali ngati ziweto chifukwa cha utoto wawo komanso phokoso lawo. Ku United States, makhadinali ofiira ofiira amatetezedwa mwalamulo malinga ndi lamulo loti mbalame ziziwuluka. Imatetezedwanso ndi Msonkhano Woteteza Mbalame Zosamukira ku Canada.
Kadinala wofiira - mbalame yanyimbo yokhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono pamutu pake ndi mlomo wofiira wofiira wa lalanje. Makadinala amakhala chaka chonse m'malo awo. Mbalamezi sizimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango. Amakonda madambo okhala ndi nkhalango ndi zitsamba momwe amatha kubisalamo.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: Januware 14, 2020
Tsiku losintha: 09/15/2019 nthawi ya 0:04
