Broody - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono zam'madzi. Ngati tingayerekeza ndi Ivory ndi Herring Gulls, ndiye kuti ili ndi thupi laling'ono, ndi thupi losalimba, lokongola. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kwambiri, ndipo amakhala makamaka kugombe lakumpoto kwa Russia, komanso madera ena a Belarus. Chinthu china chosiyanasiyanachi ndi mapiko akuluakulu, omwe amatha kuthana ndi maulendo ataliatali ndikupita kukadya ngakhale kunyanja.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Klusha
Klusha ndi nyama zolemetsa, amapatsidwa gulu la mbalame, dongosolo la Charadriiformes, banja lopusa, mtundu wa gull. Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni chomwe chingalolere kubwereza nthawi ya komwe mbalameyi idachokera komanso momwe zidasinthira. M'mabuku akale kwambiri, mbalameyi imatchedwa mbalame yolumikizidwa ndi matupi amadzi.
Kanema: Klusha
M'nthawi zakale, anthu amapititsa nthano za mbalame zodabwitsa izi kuchokera mibadwomibadwo. Tanthauzo lake linali kuti mfiti yoipayo idapeza atsikana ocheperako komanso owoneka bwino ndikuwanyengerera m'madamu akuya. Ankasirira kukongola, unyamata komanso kutsitsimuka kwa atsikana achichepere, chifukwa chake adayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti awakakamize kusambira munyanja lakuya, lowopsa, lomwe lidatenga zokongola zazing'ono kwamuyaya. Komabe, miyoyo yawo yowala idabadwanso mbalame zoyera ndikukhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Pambuyo pake, adathandizira kangapo oyendetsa sitima omwe adasokera.
Kuyambira kale, anthu ambiri akhala akuwona chimphepo ngati gawo limodzi la nyanja. Anthu ambiri amasangalala ndi mbalamezi chifukwa chokhoza kusunga magombe amadzi. M'mayiko ena, m'malo mwake, amawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha zoyipa komanso zachinyengo. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimafaniziridwa ndi anthu oyipa komanso anzeru kwambiri chifukwa amawononga nyumba ndikubera anthu chakudya, komanso kuwedza asodzi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi mfundo ikuwoneka bwanji
Ngakhale kuti mbalameyi ndi yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale ake, imakhalabe ya mbalame zazikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 45-60. Kulemera kwa thupi kumayambira magalamu 400 mpaka 1000. Mu mbalame, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonetsedwa - amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
Zosangalatsa: Clucks ali ndi mapiko akuluakulu. Kwa anthu ena, imafika mainchesi 140-150!
Mbalame zimakhala ndi mchira wapakatikati womwe umathandiza kuzisamalira komanso kuzisamalira paulendo wawo. Kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 15. Thupi limalumikizidwa, losalala, nthenga zimakhala zolimba kwa wina ndi mnzake, zokutidwa ndi mafuta apadera omwe amatsimikizira kuti madzi amatha kulowa mkati.
Oimira mitundu iyi yamphongo ali ndi mutu wawung'ono, wozungulira wokhala ndi mlomo wautali, wowonda. Kutalika kwapakamwa kumakhala masentimita 4-5. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolunjika, yopanikizika kuchokera mbali ndikuwerama kumapeto kwenikweni. Mlomo ndi wachikuda chowala kwambiri. Maso ndi ochepa komanso oyenda. Khungu lomwe lili m'diso silakutidwa ndi nthenga, koma limakhala lofiira kapena burgundy.
Mtundu wa nthenga umayang'aniridwa ndi misa yoyera. Mutu, khosi, pamimba ndi mchira ndi zoyera kwathunthu. Kumbuyo kwakumbuyo ndi mapiko ake ndi ofiira kapena pafupifupi akuda. Mapiko achiwiri othamanga amakhala oyera oyera kumapeto.
Miyendo ya mbalame imakhala yachikasu kapena lalanje. Ichi ndichinthu chosiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina yamphongo, momwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pinki wotumbululuka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ana omwe sanakwanitse zaka zinayi akunja ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi achikulire ndipo amafanana ndi mbalame zoyera kapena zasiliva.
Kodi grouse amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Klusha ku Russia
Malo omwe mbalame zimagawidwa sizowonjezera kwambiri. Ambiri mwa anthu amakhala pagombe lakumpoto kwa Russian Federation.
Malo ogawa mbalame zakuda:
- Chilumba cha Iberia;
- Scandinavia;
- gombe la nyanja yakumpoto m'dera la Russian Federation;
- kumadzulo kwa Taimyr Peninsula;
- gombe la Nyanja ya Baltic;
- gombe la White Sea;
- gawo la Gulf of Finland;
- gombe la Nyanja ya Ladoga;
- gawo la Nyanja Onega.
Ambiri mwa anthu akuda akuda ndi mbalame zosamuka. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Europe zimayenda maulendo ataliatali, nthawi zina mpaka makilomita 7000 - 8000. Mbalame zina zimapita ku Africa konse.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadera ozizira nthawi zambiri zimawulukira nyengo yozizira kumayiko otentha akumwera. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimapezeka pagombe la North America. Pofuna kukhazikika, mbalame zimamanga zisa. Monga malo okhalitsa, amasankha malo pafupi ndi komwe amapezako chakudya - malo osungira. Nthawi zambiri, zisa zimayikidwa pamapiri, m'mphepete mwa miyala, m'miyala, ndi zina zambiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe grouse imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame iyi imadya.
Kodi nagger amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Cludge mbalame
Clusha ndi mtundu wa mbulu zamphongo zomwe amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zam'nyanja. Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya nsombayi, chakudya chachikulu ndi chakudya cha nyama. Klushu amatha kutchedwa mbalame pafupifupi yamtundu uliwonse, chifukwa sichinyoza mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu zakudya za nkhuku:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba;
- nkhono;
- zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono;
- kafadala;
- ziphuphu;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Akatswiri a zoo anafotokoza zochitika pamene mbalame zakuda zimawononga zisa za mitundu ina ya mbalame ndikudya mazira awo. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimatha kudya nyama ndikudya chakudya chomwe chinagwidwa kapena kutengedwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zing'onozing'ono. Milandu yakudya zakudya zamasamba sizimasiyidwa. Padziko lapansi lapansi, amatha kudya mbewu, zipatso, masamba okoma amitundu yambiri yazomera.
Chifukwa chakuti nsomba zam'nyanja ndi nsomba zam'madzi, amakonda kusaka m'madzi ndikupeza chakudya pamenepo. Amatha kukwera m'mwamba ndikusaka nyama zawo kuchokera pamenepo. Pamadzi, mbalame zimawonetsa njira zabwino kwambiri zopezera ndi kupeza chakudya.Oimira nthendayi amakonda kuyenda bwino padziko lapansi komanso panyanja. Mbalame zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mbalame pafupi ndi maboti osodza kapena malo otayira nsomba, malo opangira nsomba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Klusha akuthawa
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimapatsidwa nzeru zosaneneka, luso komanso kuchenjera. Nthawi zina amangodabwa ndi luso lawo. Ambiri mwa omwe akuyimira mbalame zamtunduwu amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu. Chofunikira china chokhala ndi moyo wabwino wa mbalame zakuda ndi kupezeka kwa dziwe pafupi ndi malo awo.
Monga malo okhalamo, mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo. Anthu omwe amasamukira kumayiko otentha nthawi yachisanu amakonda kukhala pazisa zomwe abwerera akadzabwerera, ngati zingatheke. Kuti apange chisa, mbalame zakuda zimagwiritsa ntchito nthambi zamitengo, udzu wouma, moss, zidutswa za bango, ndi zina zambiri. Gulls amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimafuna chakudya chochuluka kuti zidyetse.
Zosangalatsa: Mwachilengedwe amapatsidwa nzeru zodabwitsa. Atagwira mbalame zam'madzi m'nyanja, mbalamezo zimakwera kumwamba ndikuponyera chipolopolocho pamwala mpaka chimatseguka.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, nsomba zambiri zimanyamuka ulendo wautali. Ena amayandikira pafupi ndi munthu - kumzindawo. Kluzhi mosavuta komanso mwachangu kwambiri amasintha pafupifupi chilichonse. Sachita mantha ndi anthu, m'malo mwake, amayesetsa kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapempha chakudya kwa iwo. Si zachilendo kuti mbalame za m'nyanja zimalira kwambiri. Komabe, ngati awona kuti ngozi ili pafupi kapena mdani akuyandikira, ndiye kuti amatha kupanga mawu ofanana ndi amphaka a abakha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Pair of Cluj
Mbalame zimakula msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi mpaka zinayi. Amakwatirana okhaokha, ndichifukwa chake amakonda kukhala limodzi nthawi zonse. Asanapangane, anthu amawonana kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati kuti akuyang'anitsitsa. Kenako masewera olimbirana amayamba - mbalame zimatha kuyimba kwanthawi yayitali, kumveka mokweza, kuponyera mitu yawo kumbuyo kapena kudyetsana.
Awiriwo atapangidwa, mkaziyo amayamba kupempha chakudya champhongo, chifukwa chake amamudyetsa ndikusamalira. Mbalame zimamanga zisa mwa anthu onse, pafupi. Mtunda wapakati pa zisawo amakhala pafupifupi 3-7 mita chifukwa chakuti anapiye oswedwa pachisa amafuna kudziwa zambiri ndipo kuyenda pafupi atha kuphedwa ndi achikulire ena.
Akasamuka m'nyengo yotentha, mbalamezo zimabwerera ku zisa ziwiriziwiri. Nthawi zambiri zisa zimakhazikika pansi m'nkhalango kapena udzu. Zisa za mbalame ndizochepa. Mwa clutch imodzi, mbalameyo nthawi zambiri imaikira mazira 1 kapena atatu. Mazirawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, obiriwira mdima kapena abulauni ndi mdima, timadontho tating'ono. Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhalira mazira, m'malo mwake. Anapiye amawoneka kawirikawiri patatha masiku 25-28 atagona.
Anapiye aswedwa pachisa amakhala okutidwa ndi imvi. Kwa masiku angapo oyamba, anapiye samachoka kwawo, makolo awo amawapatsa chakudya. Atakhala olimba pang'ono, pofika masiku 10-13 amakhala atakhala kale omasuka kuyenda. Anapiye ena amatha kuchoka pachisa kupita pamtunda wa 20-30 mita. Pambuyo pa mwezi ndi theka, anapiye aswedwa pachisa amaphunzira kuuluka. Mbalame zimakula msinkhu wa zaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Masango, monga mitundu ina yamphongo, amakhala azaka zana. Avereji ya chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 23-25.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yakulemba zakuda ndi zaka 34 miyezi 9.
Adani achilengedwe a clush
Chithunzi: Kodi mfundo ikuwoneka bwanji
Potengera momwe amphaka alili, alibe adani ambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti anapiye aswedwa pachisa amatha kukhala nyama zodya nyama zambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a anapiye a grouse:
- ziphuphu;
- amphaka amtchire ndi oweta;
- ziwombankhanga zagolide;
- adokowe;
- Zimbalangondo;
- Ankhandwe aku Arctic;
- nkhandwe;
- ziwombankhanga;
- makoko;
- ma kiti;
- akhwangwala.
Nthawi zambiri, poyenda pafupi ndi chisa chawo, anapiye amatha kuphedwa ndi abale awo. Pa gawo lakuikira mazira, zisa za mbalame zakuda zitha kuwonongedwa ndi zolusa zina ndi mbalame zazikulu. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi nyama zolusa m'madzi zikusaka m'madzi. Munthu saopseza mbalame. Ngakhale mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu sizitha kuwonongedwa. Anthu sanazunzepo mbalame, ngakhale zigawo zomwe zimaonedwa ngati mbalame zowopsa komanso zowopsa.
Mbalamezi ndi mbalame zoopsa komanso zanzeru kwambiri. Akazindikira kuti ngozi ili pafupi, amadzuka kumwamba, ndikufuula mokweza komanso momvetsa chisoni. Mbalame zambiri zikakwera kumwamba, zimamira pansi, ndipo zonse pamodzi zimenya adani ndi zikhadabo ndi milomo yawo. Njira yodzitchinjirizira iyi imawopseza ngakhale zilombo zazikulu komanso zoopsa kwambiri. Kumva maitanidwe ambiri akuluakulu, anapiye amabisala muudzu kapena m'nkhalango za zomera.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Klusha
Mpaka pano, ziphuphu siziopsezedwa kuti zitha. Chiwerengero chawo chimakhalabe chokhazikika. Mbalamezi ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi malo ofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Amathandizira kuyeretsa magombe ndi magombe a kuipitsa komanso magwero a matenda. Masango, monga mitundu ina iliyonse yamphongo, nthawi zambiri amadyetsa zinyalala, komanso zovunda.
M'nthawi zakale, mahule akuda ndi mitundu ina yamatombo anali othandizira othandiza oyendetsa sitima. Zinali pa iwo pomwe nyengo ndi mayendedwe amayendedwe adatsimikizika. Ngati mbalame ziuluka mwakachetechete pamwamba pa nyanja kapena zikagwera pansi pa chombo, nyengo idalonjeza kukhala yabwino. Ngati mbalame zimakhala pamphepete mwa nyanja, ndiye kuti mkuntho kapena mabingu angayambe posachedwa.
Mbalame zam'madzi ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Amasintha mwangwiro pafupifupi kulikonse. Ndi chakudya chokwanira, amakonda kusunthira pafupi ndi munthu, pomwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chakudya chawo. Kukhoza kuteteza zisa zawo komanso kulumikizana panthawi yangozi kumawonjezeranso mwayi wawo wopulumuka, ndipo kudzichepetsa komanso chakudya chosasankha kumawalola kuti azipezera chakudya pafupifupi kulikonse komanso nthawi zonse.
Broody Ndi subspecies wa dazi gulls. Ndi zazing'ono, zokoma komanso mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Zili ndi mapiko otambalala bwino, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka okongola pakuthawa. Masango ndi ofunikira kwambiri pachilengedwe, chifukwa amathandizira kuyeretsa malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi komwe amakhala.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.01.
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/13/2019 pa 20:20
