Medvedka Ndi kachilombo kosusuka kwambiri, kodziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe owopsa. Dzina lodziwika pakati pa okhalamo ndi kabichi. Chikumbu chovulaza chimawononga mbewu, ndikudya zomera zonse zomwe zili panjira yake. Medvedka ikufalikira m'minda ndi nyumba zazilimwe; amakonda dothi lonyowa komanso lotentha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Medvedka
Medvedka ndi yayikulu tizilombo. Mwa anthu, chifukwa chokonda kabichi, adalandira dzina loti kabichi kapena nsomba zazinkhanira. Medvedka ndi membala wamatenda angapo amakona anayi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, banja la cricket, banja lobereka, banja lachibale.
Tizilomboti tinatchedwa ndi dzina la sayansi chifukwa chakukula kwake komanso utoto wofiirira. Kuwoneka kowopsa kwa kachilombo kakang'ono kokhala ndi zikulu zazikulu zokutidwa kofanana ndi chimbalangondo. M'malo awo achilengedwe, asayansi awerengera mitundu yoposa 110 ya banja la Gryllotalpidae bear, yofanana kwambiri ndi moyo wawo komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya chimbalangondo imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Kanema: Medvedka
Gryllotalpa, dzina la chimbalangondo m'Chilatini, amatanthauzira ngati cricket mole. Tizilombo timapatsidwa zizolowezi za mole, chifukwa amakhala moyo wake wonse pansi ndikuboola ngalande pamenepo. Koma ndi kricket amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwakubala mawu omwe amafanana ndi kulira.
Zosiyana ndi zimbalangondo:
- kawirikawiri kutalika kwa thupi la tizilombo ndi masentimita 5, koma mitundu yokhala ndi kukula kwakukulu imapezeka;
- mu tizilombo, miyendo yakutsogolo imapangidwa ngati zikopa zamphamvu zokumba;
- chilengedwe chakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Sizowopsa kwa anthu;
- amatha kukumba maenje ndikuuluka. Zimangoyenda nyengo yotentha;
- pangani mawu akulira potikita mapiko awo m'nyengo yamatchi. Amuna motero amakopa akazi.
Chosangalatsa: Medvedka ali ndi luso losambira bwino kwambiri. Amatha kusambira maulendo ataliatali ndikuthana ndi zopinga m'madzi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chikuwoneka bwanji
Zimbalangondo ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumatha kutalika kuchokera pa 3.5 mpaka 5 cm, ndi m'lifupi - kuchokera pa 1.1 mpaka 1.6 masentimita. Kunja, thupi la chimbalangondo limakhala lofiirira komanso losakanikirana ndi bulauni, ndipo mkatimo ndichikasu ndikutuluka kofiirira. Thupi lonse la kabichi liri ndi ubweya wabwino. Mutu wa kachilomboka kali chimodzimodzi ndi thupi, ndiye kuti, thupi ndilo kupitiriza kwake. Kutsogolo kwake, chimbalangondo chili ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Pafupi ndi nsagwada pali awiriawiri awiriawiri.
Maso a chimbalangondo ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndipo amawoneka bwino pamutu. Pamutu pake pali ndevu zonga ulusi zomwe zimapita kumbuyo chakumbuyo. Prototum mu chimbalangondo ndi gawo lapadera la tizilombo. Mutu wokhala ndi mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi la kachilomboka umakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba komanso chida chapadera kuti ukankhe ndikukakamiza dziko lapansi mukamakumba. Mimba ya chimbalangondo ndi yolimba, pafupifupi 1 cm m'mimba mwake. Mbale za kumatako ndi kumaliseche zili kumtunda kwake.
Mwachilengedwe, zikopa zazing'ono za kabichi siziyikira mazira. Pa gawo lomaliza la pamimba, zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimafanana ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono mawonekedwe. Zimbalangondo zonse zili ndi mapiko awiri. Akazi amasiyana ndi amuna mumitsempha yosiyanasiyana pamapiko. Komanso, pali anthu opanda mapiko, koma awa ndi osowa kwambiri. Zomwe zimatchedwa "makutu" a chimbalangondo, komanso anthu ena omwe ndi amtundu wake, ndi opapatiza komanso otalikirana, ndipo amapezeka pachipsya chamiyendo. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya kachilomboka imakhala ndi mitsempha ingapo ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuyenda, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yamphamvu, yokhala ndi zotsekera ndipo cholinga chake ndi kukumba ngalande ndi maenje.
Kodi chimbalangondo chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Medvedka ku Russia
Malo okhala tizilombo ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Medvedka ndi wodzichepetsa, chinthu chokha chomwe amamuopa ndi chisanu, ndipo chipululu sichimamuyeneranso. Kumakhala pafupifupi gawo lonse la Eurasia kupatula mayiko aku Scandinavia, North Africa, America ndi Australia. Koma sanagonjetse Antarctica ndi madera akumpoto kwa Arctic.
Malo abwino okhala chimbalangondo ndi dambo ndi chigumula chamtsinje. Tizilombo timakonda malo onyowa. Malo okhala pansi pa nthaka, madambo, ndi ngalande zothirira ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kupeza chimbalangondo m'mavwende ndi m'malo, komanso m'malo omwe amadziwika ndi madzi akuya kwambiri.
Nthaka yamtundu uliwonse ndi yoyenera kukhalapo ndi chimbalangondo, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi nthaka yotakasuka, yotentha komanso yonyowa, yodzaza ndi feteleza. Pansi pa nthaka, kachilomboka kamakumba njira zomwe zimapanga dongosolo lonse lomwe limayendetsa, kuteteza komanso kupuma mpweya wabwino.
Chosangalatsa: Medvedka amakumba mabowo a mawonekedwe owulungika nthawi zonse.
Kumalo okhala chinyezi, chimbalangondo chimakwawa mofulumira kwambiri. Koma ngati malowa sangakhalenso kwa iye, chimbalangondo chimakakamizika kusamukira kudera latsopano. Nthawi zambiri amasuntha usiku pamadzi, pamtunda kapena mlengalenga.
Chosangalatsa: Medvedka amakonda kukhala mulu wa ndowe. Manyowa otenthetsa bwino (mullein) ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe chimbalangondo chimakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi chimbalangondo chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tengani tizilombo
Medvedka ndi tizilombo tododometsa, chifukwa cha kususuka kwake kumafanana ndi dzombe. Samanyoza namsongole, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso osazungulira.
Makhalidwe a chakudya Medvedok:
- ndi adyera, zomwe zimawononga mbewu;
- kuwononga kubzala tomato, mbatata, kabichi, nyemba ndi mavwende;
- patsiku munthu m'modzi amatha kudziluma mpaka mbewu 15;
- mphutsi zimadya mbewu zomwe akulu analibe nthawi yoti adye.
Zimbalangondo zimadya magawo onse a zomera: muzu, gawo lamlengalenga, mbewu. M'nkhalango, tizilombo timadyetsa mizu ya mbande zazing'ono zamitengo ndi tchire; m'nyumba zazilimwe, zokolola zonse zimadyedwa. Samanyoza ngakhale zipatso zosowa (malalanje, tangerines, mandimu).
Zakudya zazikulu za chimbalangondo ndi izi:
- masamba: mbatata, kabichi, tomato, nkhaka, tsabola, chimanga;
- mbewu za mbewu zambewu, soya, mpunga, buckwheat;
- mizu ya mitengo yaying'ono: apulo, thundu, paini, chitumbuwa.
Lingaliro loti zimbalangondo ndizodyera zamasamba ndizolakwika. Chakudya chawo 40% ndi zinthu zamoyo. Amatha kudya nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi.
Chosangalatsa: Kapustyanka itha kukhala yothandiza kwa anthu. Amapha mitundu ina ya tizilombo tosaopsa, monga kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Colorado mbatata.
Nthawi zina, chimbalangondo chimatha kudya munthu akakhala ndi njala yayikulu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo
Tizilombo titha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yogwira ntchito. Kabichi ikubowola, ikusambira ndikusuntha mwachangu kwambiri. Chinthu chokha chomwe amachita pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwuluka. Kwenikweni, amapanga maulendo apandege kuti akapeze chachimuna choti akwerere.
Medvedka ili ndi chizolowezi chokhala bwino. Mwachilengedwe, iyi ndi tizilombo ta makoswe. Medvedka amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi. Masana, amakhala mobisa, amafukula m'minda, ndikuwononga minda yonse yomwe imakumana naye panjira. Usiku, amabwera pamwamba kuti asinthe malo ake ndikupeza magwero atsopano azakudya.
Koyamba, ndizovuta kudziwa molondola kupezeka kwa chimbalangondo m'munda. Koma ngati muwerengera nthaka mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa mabowo ndi omasula odzigudubuza pansi kumawonetsa ntchito yayikulu ya chimbalangondo. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa, kubzala m'dera lake kumwalira.
Pofunafuna chakudya, tizilombo titha kudutsa madera akuluakulu padziko lapansi, kuwuluka mumlengalenga kapena kusambira. Tizilomboti tinakakamizidwa kuphunzira kusambira, chifukwa nthawi yamadzi osefukira nthawi zambiri chimasefukira malo ake. Medvedka amawopa chisanu, chifukwa chake, m'nyengo yozizira, imadutsa m'mabowo ozama, ndikusunthira mpaka kuya kwa mita 1. Kumeneko, pomwe nthaka siimaundana. Mphutsi zimbalangondo zimatha kubisala pakuya kwa masentimita 50.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Medvedka m'munda
Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira ndikutuluka m'mayenje awo kupita kumtunda, gawo loyamba loberekera limayamba ndi zimbalangondo. Masika, atasankha awiriawiri, zimbalangondo zimabwerera kumaenje awo kuti akwere. Mbewuyo imawonekera chilimwe. Kukonzekera mwana wamtsogolo mwa chimbalangondo chachimuna ndi chachikazi kumatenga nthawi yochuluka, chifukwa amasamala kwambiri za izi. Awiriwo amakumba ngalande zazikulu zokongola mozama pafupifupi masentimita asanu pansi, ndikupanga zisa zozungulira mpaka mainchesi khumi, momwe, mkaziyo amatayira mazira, kuyambira zidutswa mazana atatu mpaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi.
Nthawi zonse pakusasitsa mazira, mkazi samachoka pachisa, kuwasamalira. Imabwezeretsa njira zomwe zidagwa, ndikuitsuka kuchokera kumizu, komanso imayang'anira kutentha komwe kumafunikira mazira. Njira yonseyi ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa ana amtsogolo a chimbalangondo. Mazira a chimbalangondo kunja amafanana ndi mapira, ndi oblongola, achikasu ofiira komanso pafupifupi masentimita awiri kukula kwake. Pambuyo masiku makumi awiri, mphutsi zimaswa, zomwe zimafanana ndi tamoyo tating'ono tokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi imvi. Mphutsi ndizochepa, komabe.
Koma kunja kofanana ndi achikulire. Ikabereka masiku makumi awiri mpaka makumi atatu, chimbalangondo chachikazi, monga choyenera mayi, chimasamalira anawo ndikuwateteza. Kumapeto kwa nthawi imeneyi, mkazi amafa, ndipo anthu okulirapo komanso opangidwa ndi chimbalangondo amalowa m'mabowo ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kuchokera pa ng'ombe mpaka munthu wamkulu msinkhu, kusasitsa kumatenga chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri ndi theka.
Adani achilengedwe a chimbalangondo
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chikuwoneka bwanji
Adani akuluakulu a tizilombo ndi mbalame, koma si onse omwe angapeze chimbalangondo pansi. Koma ma rook amatha kuchita. Kuti achite izi, ali ndi mulomo wamphamvu, mothandizidwa nawo omwe amang'amba chimbalangondo ndi mphutsi zawo. Mbalame zotchedwa Starlings ndi hoopoes zimatha kusaka zimbalangondo. M'madera achithaphwi, adokowe ndiye mdani wamkulu wa tizilombo.
Zimbalangondo zimawopanso nyama zina:
- mpanda;
- zikopa;
- mole;
- abuluzi.
Mitundu ina ya tizilombo imathandizanso kuwononga zimbalangondo:
- nyerere zomwe zimawononga mazira a chimbalangondo;
- kachilomboka kamene kamadya mphutsi.
Woyambitsa matenda a fungus amakhala ndi chiwopsezo china kwa chimbalangondo. Imodzi mwa matendawa imayambitsidwa ndi Beauveria bassiana, bowa wa entomopathogenic womwe umakula mthupi la chimbalangondo ndipo, kutulutsa poizoni, umayambitsa kufa kwa tizilombo.
Chosangalatsa: Medvedka amakhala wonyamula mazira a mavu a Larra. Kuti muchite izi, mavu amatulutsa tizilombo mu dzenje, kuluma, kufooketsa chimbalangondo, kenako ndikuikira dzira mthupi lake. Patapita kanthawi, chimbalangondo chimadzuka ndikubwerera kudzenje lake. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mboziyo imadya chimbalangondo kuchokera mkati.
Ziweto, makamaka amphaka, nawonso samazengereza kudya zimbalangondo. Amasaka tizilombo ngati makoswe. Anthu samangowononga chimbalangondo, chifukwa amawononga mbewu zaulimi. Ma foodies ena amadya tizilombo. Amawotchera, amawotcha komanso amawathamangitsa. Medvedok imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Chimbalangondo chophwanyidwacho chikuwonjezeredwa ku mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Medvedka
Medvedka imafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kwake ndi madera amchipululu ndi kumpoto. Mtundu uwu wa tizilombo umakonda malo onyowa, sukonda malo ozizira komanso ouma. Chifukwa chake, samakhala mchipululu komanso ku Arctic.
Malo okhala tizilombo tofala kwambiri:
- Chimbalangondo wamba chimapezeka kumadera akumadzulo ndi pakati a kontinenti ya Europe;
- Chimbalangondo cha zala khumi chingapezeke kumaiko aku North America;
- African kapena Eastern Medvedka amakhala ku North Africa ndi South-East Eurasia, ku South America;
- a Far Eastern Medvedka adakhazikika m'malo a Far East ndi China.
M'dera la Russia, tizilombo timapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Ndi zigawo zakumpoto zokha zadzikoli zomwe sizikhala ndi anthu. Koposa zonse, zimbalangondo ndizofala m'maiko aku Asia; mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala pano. Sikuti onse adaphunzira pano. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zimbalangondo chili pamtunda. Kuti adziwe kukula kwa tiziromboti molondola momwe angathere, wamaluwa amathyola nthaka mu Marichi.
Masika, chisanu chikamatsika ndipo nthaka imafunda mpaka 10 ° C, tizilombo timatulukira kumtunda kwa nthaka. Ndi munthawi imeneyi momwe zimatheka kuwunika mozama kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo kuchokera kwa chimbalangondo ndikuchita zofunikira kuti muchepetse. Medvedka ndi wachibale wakutali wa ziwala ndi dzombe. Zimayambitsa zovulaza mbewu zaulimi, kudya zomera, ndi phindu. Sikuti amangothana ndi tizilombo tina tangozi, komanso amamasula nthaka, potero amadzaza mpweya. Ichi ndi tizilombo todzichepetsa, mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yomwe imadzaza pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 01/11/2020
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/14/2019 pa 11:51
