Mbalame zamphongo ndi yaying'ono ndipo ndi ya odutsa. M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, ndi chizindikiro chakutuluka kwa dzuwa. M'mabuku osiyanasiyana olemba, amapezeka pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana - m'bandakucha, alder. Zolengedwa zazing'ono zamapiko zimakhala ndi luso loimba losangalatsa, lomwe olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba adasilira nthawi zakale.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Robin mbalame
Phwiti ndi mbalame yomwe imayimira mtundu wa zovuta, gulu la mbalame, dongosolo la odutsa, banja la opha ntchentche, mtundu wawo ndi mitundu ya mphamba. M'zaka za m'ma 1920, phwiti anali wotchuka kwambiri. Ku Igupto wakale, zinali zachizolowezi kuti oimira banja lolemekezeka azikhala ndi timbalame tating'onoting'ono m'nyumba zawo. Amasinthasintha kwambiri kukhala mu ukapolo, ali ndi mawu osangalatsa. A Robins amakhala ochezeka, odekha komanso osangalala.
Video: Phwiti wamphongo
Mitundu ya Aselote ndi Ajeremani akale amatengera alders kwa amithenga a dzuwa lenilenilo. Pambuyo pake, mbalamezo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro komanso mthenga wa mulungu wa ndevu zofiira waku Scandinavia wamabingu ndi mkuntho wa Thor. Anthu a nthawi imeneyo ankakhulupirira kuti ngati mbalame zimanga chisa pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe anthu amakhala, zitha kuziteteza ku masoka achilengedwe - mphezi, moto, kusefukira kwamadzi, ndi mavuto ena. Anthu amaganiza kuti kuwonongeka kwa chisa ndi nkhanza zosavomerezeka ndipo nthawi zina amalanga owonongera mwankhanza.
Popita nthawi, mbalame zidayamba kutchuka kwambiri kotero kuti ma postcards ndi masitampu ofotokoza mbalame adakhala ofala kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Munali munthawi imeneyi pomwe chikhulupiriro chidawoneka kuti ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono izi zomwe zimayesa kupulumutsa Yesu Khristu wopachikidwa pamtanda ndikuchotsa nthambi zaminga m'thupi lake. Anthu amati zinali zitatha izi pomwe anali ndi malo ofiira pachifuwa pawo, omwe amaimira madontho a magazi a Khristu. Pakadali pano, adayesetsa kukhazikitsa mbalame m'maiko ambiri komanso kumakona adziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame sizinakhazikike ku New Zealand ndi Australia. Ku Britain, phwiti amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chosadziwika cha dzikolo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi mbalame zamphongo zimawoneka bwanji
Kunja, mbalameyi imafanana kwambiri ndi mpheta. Komabe, tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kukula kwake ndipo ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa mpheta zazikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi masentimita 11-13. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 18-21. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi magalamu 18-25 okha. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira komanso mulomo wakuda bwino. Zoyipa zakugonana sizitchulidwa. Akazi ndi abambo ali ndi kukula kofanana ndi mtundu wa maula. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wowonekera kwambiri kuposa akazi.
Mitundu yotsatirayi imapezeka mumtundu wa mbalame:
- azitona;
- Imvi;
- zobiriwira;
- bulauni;
- bulauni;
- Lalanje.
Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi imakhala yojambulidwa ndi mitundu yowala - imvi yoyera, bulauni wosawoneka bwino, malankhulidwe a uchi. Mbali yakumtunda ndi yakuda. M'chifuwa mumakhala lalanje lowala. Chigawo chowala cha lalanje chimayambira pachifuwa mpaka m'khosi, ndikukwera pamwamba pamutu.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadera akumwera zimakhala ndi mitundu yowala komanso yodzaza kwambiri mu nthenga zawo. Palinso lingaliro lakuti, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukhathamiritsa kwawo, mbalame zimadziwitsa zaka, kugonana kwa anthu, komanso kukhala okonzeka kukwatira. Anapiye amasiyanitsa makolo awo ndi utoto wa nthenga zawo pakati pa mbalame zomwe zimayenda mozungulira chisa, ndipo zikafika, zimatsegula milomo yawo kuti zilandire chakudya. Miyendo ya mbalame ndi yofiirira.
Kodi mbalame yamphongo imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Robin mbalame ku Russia
Mbalame yaying'onoyo imakonda kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Eurasia, komanso m'magulu ena ochepa.
Malo okhala mbalame
- pafupifupi dera lonse la ku Ulaya;
- Asia Minor;
- gawo lakumadzulo kwa Siberia;
- anthu ena amakhala ku Algeria;
- Tunisia;
- Japan;
- madera ena a China;
- Zilumba za Canary;
- Nkhukundembo;
- madera akumwera kwa chilumba cha Crimea;
- madera akumpoto a Iran;
- Caucasus;
- madera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Azerbaijan.
Mbalame zimakonda nkhalango zowirira, zokhazokha, kapena zosakanikirana ngati malo okhala. Nkhalango zimatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana - kumadera otsika komanso kumtunda. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, osati zomera zowirira kwambiri komanso zomera ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zimatha kukhazikika pazitsamba, ma hedge, undergrowth, malo opaka. Mwa mitengo yonse yosiyanasiyana, phwiti amakonda alder ndi spruce koposa zonse. Posankha malo okhala, amayesetsa kupewa nkhalango zazing'ono komanso zopepuka.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera chakumwera zimasiyanitsidwa ndikukhazikika kwanthawi yomwe amakhala. Si zachilendo kwa iwo kuti asamukire kumadera ena. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kudza nyengo yozizira, zimapita kumadera otentha - Western Europe, mayiko ena a Asia Minor, zigawo zakumpoto za kontrakitala wa Africa. Kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a masika, ziphuphu zimabwerera kumalo awo.
Chosangalatsa: Oyambirira kubwerera kuchokera kuzizira ndi amuna. Amakhala mwachisawawa zisa zopanda kanthu, ndipo pambuyo pake akaziwo amalowa nawo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mbalame yamphongo imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi mbalame yamphongo imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Robin mbalame ikuthawa
Zakudya za mbalame zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. Zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimadalira dera lomwe mbalamezi zimakhala.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha mbalame:
- zokonda;
- akangaude;
- kafadala;
- nyongolotsi;
- mphutsi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo;
- ma molluscs ang'ono;
- midges;
- ntchentche.
Mbalame zimasaka chakudya chofanana ndi nthaka. Iwo saopa konse kuyandikana nawo anthu ndipo ali okondwa kudyetsedwa ndi zomwe anthu amabweretsa m'minda yaboma ndi m'mapaki amumzinda. Kuphatikiza pa tizilombo, tizilombo timadyetsa mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, zipatso zakupsa, ndi zipatso. Pakati pa zipatso zonse, maloboti amakonda mabulosi akuda, currants, elderberries, currants. M'nyengo yophukira-chilimwe, chakudya chomera chimakhala pafupifupi theka la zakudya za woimira awa.
Zovuta pakupeza chakudya zimayamba ndikayamba nyengo yozizira. Mbalame zimayamba kufunafuna zakudya zamasamba zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira kuzizira. Zimayenda mosavutikira kwa odyetsa mbalame. Ma Robins amatha kuwoneka pagombe lamadzi osazizira kwambiri. Sachita mantha ndi madzi ndipo atha kulowa mosungira mosamala ngati ali ndi kanthu koti adzapindule nawo m'madzi osaya. Ma Robins nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyama zazikulu zazikulu: zibulu zamtchire, zimbalangondo. Izi makamaka ndizinyama zomwe zimakumba nthaka. Izi zimathandiza mbalame kuti zithe kusonkhanitsa tizilombo komwe nyama zikuluzikulu zakumba nthaka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame yamphongo yamphongo
Ma Robins samagwira ntchito nthawi zina masana. Amagwira ntchito masana komanso mdima. Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imachitika madzulo, pamene mbalame zimauluka kukafunafuna chakudya ola limodzi ndi theka dzuwa lisanalowe. A Robins amabwerera ku chisa ola limodzi kapena awiri dzuwa litalowa. Mbalame zimagona usiku nthawi zambiri zili zokha m'nkhalango zamitchire kapena mum korona wamitengo. Nyengo yozizira ikayamba, mbalame zomwe zimakhala pansi zimayang'ana malo abwino oti zizimapo. Kungakhale khola la nkhuku, madenga a nyumba zogona, mabowo amitengo yosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu zimatha kuyatsa nyali zam'misewu ndi magetsi am'misewu.
Ma Robins amadziwika ndi kukonda kwamankhwala amadzi. Nthawi zambiri, kwa anthu ambiri, m'mawa umayamba ndikusambira m'madamu. M'bandakucha, ziphuphu zimatsuka nthenga zawo ngati mame m'mawa kapena mame. Chodabwitsa, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mbalame zazing'onozi zikusambira muzilumikiro. Njira zoterezi zimathandiza mbalame kuyeretsa matupi awo. Pambuyo pake, mbalame zokonda nyimbo zimakonda kutentha padzuwa lotentha. Robins amawotcha dzuwa pamchenga kapena kukhala panthambi za mitengo ndi tchire ndi mulomo wotseguka. Tsiku la mbalame zazing'onozi limatha momwe limayambira, ndimachitidwe amadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasambira chifukwa cha chipale chofewa.
Ma Robins ndi mbalame zamasukulu. M'magulu, mwanjira zambiri, amuna amaposa azimayi. Amuna omwe alephera kupeza ndi kupanga awiriawiri sakhala m'dera lina ndipo sateteza malire ake. Masana amakhala nthawi yayitali akusaka, ndipo kutada, amasonkhana m'malo azigawo ndipo amagona limodzi usiku. Chiwerengero cha anthu m'maguluwa chitha kufikira 10-25. Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo enaake kapena malo oti amasakira ndi kupeza chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, malowa ndi mabwalo 250-750.
Zomwe mbalame zimalankhula ndizofunika kuzizindikira. Ma trill awo amasiyanitsidwa ndi matchulidwe osiyanasiyana, nyimbo, mokweza. Nthawi zina amafanana ndi nyimbo ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka matrill melodic mchaka. Mbalame zimakhala moyo wawo wonse padziko lapansi. Amalumpha pansi ndi mapiko awo pansi. Nthawi zambiri amapukusanso mchira wawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Robin mbalame panthambi
Ma Robins amaswana kawiri nthawi imodzi. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Epulo, koyambirira kwa Meyi, komanso nthawi yachiwiri mu Julayi. Ngati pazifukwa zina mbalame zataya ana awo, zimathanso kuzikweza mu Ogasiti. Zazikazi zomwe zakonzeka kukwera zimadumphadumpha kudera lamphongo. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amayamba kuchita mantha komanso kukwiya. Amayenda patsogolo pachifuwa, amatukula mutu ndi mchira, ndipo chofunikira, amayenda mbali ndi mbali. Nthawi yomweyo, amayimba mokweza, mokweza, kuyesa kuwopseza mlendo wawo.
Akazi ali okonzekera khalidweli la amuna. Amayamba kupempha, kunjenjemera, kukanikiza mchira wawo pansi, kuyesera kudzetsa chisoni kwa mwininyumbayo. Pamapeto pa chiwonetsero cha kusowa kwake thandizo, mkaziyo amaweramitsa mutu wake ndikupita kunkhalango zakutchire zapafupi. Ntchitoyi imabwerezedwa kwa masiku angapo motsatizana. Pamapeto pake, chibadwa chachilengedwe chimatenga, ndipo champhongo chimayamba kusangalala ndikumva kwamphamvu zake komanso kupambana kwake. Ndi pakadali pano, kwa iye yekha, pomwe amapezeka mgulu laukwati ndi mlendo wake.
Asanaikire mazira, mkaziyo amadzipangira yekha chisa. Nthawi zambiri, amachita izi pamalo osafikika padziko lapansi kapena pamtengo wamtengo wapatali. Amatha kupezeka m'mapanga a mitengo kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mita ziwiri, m'ming'alu yazitsulo zazikulu. Mwakuwoneka, chisa chimafanana ndi mbale yeniyeni. Ili ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 10-15 komanso kuya kwa masentimita 5-7. Pakatikati pa chisa pamakhala pansi, nthenga ndi masamba ndi mayi woyembekezera wosamalira. Kunja kwake kumaphimbidwa ndi moss, nthambi ndi mizu yophimba. Mu clutch imodzi, mkazi amayikira mazira oyera 4-6 okhala ndi timitengo tobiriwira kapena tobuluu. Pakakakira kachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa mazira oyikira ndikotsika poyerekeza ndi woyamba. Patatha milungu iwiri, anapiye anaswa m'mazira. Nthawi imeneyi, mkazi samachoka pachisa chake, ndipo wamwamuna amadyetsa banja lake lonse.
Ana omwe akutulukawo alibe chochita. Anapiye alibe nthenga. Kwa milungu iwiri, makolowo amasinthasintha ana awo ndikuyesetsa kuwadyetsa mokwanira. Kenako anapiyewo amasiya chisa chawo ndipo kwa milungu ina iwiri amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira padziko lapansi moyang'aniridwa ndi makolo. Anapiye amayamba kuwuluka mwezi umodzi atabadwa. Pambuyo pake, amalekanitsidwa ndi makolo awo ndikukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Anapiye amakula msinkhu chaka chimodzi, kenako amaswa ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe a ziphuphu
Chithunzi: Kodi mbalame zamphongo zimawoneka bwanji
Mwachilengedwe, phwiti ali ndi adani angapo. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake komanso kusadziteteza, mbalame zazing'ono zanyimbo nthawi zambiri zimakonda kugwidwa ndi zilombo zolimba komanso zazikulu. Ana anapiye ambiri osoĊµa kanthu amafera m'manja mwa zilombo zosiyanasiyana.
Zinyama zolusa zachilengedwe:
- nkhonya;
- ziphuphu;
- akhwangwala;
- jays;
- mbewa;
- makoswe;
- martens;
- mapuloteni;
- ziphuphu;
- mbalambanda
- kufufuta;
- nkhandwe;
- amphaka.
Chifukwa chakuti mbalame zimakhala nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi, zili ndi adani ambiri omwe amawadikirira kumeneko. Zowononga ndizoopsa makamaka kwa anapiye osathandiza. Nthawi zambiri, ziphuphu zimamanga zisa osati pamwamba pamtunda. Pachifukwa ichi, amapezeka kwa adani ambiri. Mbalame zimazipeza nthawi zambiri ndikumwa mazira ndikuwononga zisa zawo.
Nthawi zina, munthu ndi zochita zake zimayambitsanso kuwononga mbalame ndi zisa zawo. Anapiye m'mapaki nthawi zambiri amafa nthawi yocheka. Kukula kwa madera ambiri ndi anthu kumathandizira kuti mbalame zizikhalamo. Ngakhale zili choncho, sawopa konse anthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Robin mbalame
Oyendetsa ndege ndiochulukitsa komanso oyimira banja la odutsa. Asayansi akuti pafupifupi anthu 135 mpaka 335,000. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Europe. Masiku ano, anthu sawopsezedwa. Ngakhale kuti mbalame zimakhala ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe ndipo zisa zawo zimawonongeka, ndipo anapiye amafa, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhazikika.
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ziphuphu zimasungidwa ndikuweta monga ziweto. Mawu, ma trod melodic ndiye mwayi waukulu komanso ulemu wa mbalame. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amawasankha chifukwa chakumangidwa kwawo komanso kucheza, kusewera. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimaswa anapiye kawiri pachaka, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa oimba nthenga kumakhala kolimba. Kunyumba, ndi kusunga bwino, mbalame zimaberekanso zipatso. Nthawi zina, pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo.
Mbalame zamphongo - uku ndi kukongola kochepa, koimba. Ali ndi mawu omveka bwino komanso okongola ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kosintha mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Mbalame ndi zabwino monga ziweto.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08.12.2019
Idasinthidwa: 09/08/2019 pa 18:15
