Kadzidzi wamfupi Ndi mbalame yodya nyama ya kadzidzi. Kuyambira kale, kadzidzi ankatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru komanso kudziwa zinthu mwachinsinsi. Nthawi zambiri amamuwonetsa ngati mnzake wofunikira wa Asilavic Amagi kapena mulungu wa nyama Veles. Masiku ano, kadzidzi wosowa mwachidule ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama zambiri kudera la Eurasia, ndipo malo ake ndiochulukirapo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi Wofupikitsa
Gulu la kadzidzi wofupikitsa monga mtundu wake lidachitika pakati pa zaka za zana la 18. Karl Liney, wasayansi wotchuka waku Sweden adadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wina wa mbalamezi. Koma mosakayikira, monga mtundu, kadzidzi wofupikitsa anapangidwa zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo.
Amakhulupirira kuti chilombo chamapiko ichi chinkakhala m'dera la Eurasia ngakhale nyengo yachisanu isanathe. Ndipo mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame, kadzidzi yemwe amakhala ndi khutu lalifupi amatha kuzolowera nyengo yomwe ikusintha ndikupulumuka mwanzeru masoka achilengedwe onse. Zotsalira zakale kwambiri za kadzidzi zidayamba m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC ndipo zidapezeka ku France pazofukula zakale.
Chosangalatsa: Ziwombankhanga zazifupi zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira m'nthano za anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwa Asilavo, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru ndi chidziwitso, ndipo m'maiko aku Asia ndichizindikiro cha imfa yoyandikira, mnzake wofunikira wa chiwanda chomwe chimatenga miyoyo.
Kanema: Kadzidzi Wofupikitsa
Ponena za mapiko ndi kulemera, kadzidzi omwe ali ndi makutu ofupikitsa ndi mbalame zapakatikati, koma izi sizimapangitsa kukhala nyama zowopsa.
Mbalamezi zili ndi izi:
- kutalika kwa thupi, osapitilira masentimita 45;
- mapiko - pafupifupi mita imodzi;
- thupi, osapitirira magalamu 500;
- mutu ndi waukulu komanso wozungulira wokhala ndi maso achikasu (kapena owala lalanje);
- mlomo wake ndi wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu, ndipo chilombo chimawerama.
Nthenga za mbalameyi ndizofiirira. Nthenga zimakhala zofewa, zolimba kwambiri. Mitundu ina ya akadzidzi ofiira kanthawi kochepa amakhala ndi fluff, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhalabe ofunda ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri. Pansi pake pa nthenga pali opepuka pang'ono kuposa kumbuyo, komwe kumawonekera bwino mbalameyo ikamauluka. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mbalameyi ndikuti amuna a kadzidzi wamphongo zazifupi ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi, koma samasiyana konse mtundu wa nthenga zawo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi amawoneka bwanji
Banja la kadzidzi ndi amodzi mwa nyama zodya mapiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti kadzidzi amakhala pafupifupi nyengo zonse ndipo asintha moyo wawo mwachilengedwe. Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe a mbalame zimadalira mtundu wa subspecies womwe umakhalapo.
Pakadali pano, ma subspecies angapo akadzidzi ofupikitsa amasiyana:
Kadzidzi wamkulu wakuda - imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zamtundu uwu. Pali anthu omwe amafika mita kukula kwake ndi mapiko otalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Mutha kuzindikira kadzidzi wobiriwira osati kokha kukula kwake kwakukulu, komanso ndi mabwalo akuda ozungulira maso. Komanso, pali malo akuda akulu pansi pamlomo. Imafanana ndi ndevu motero dzina la mbalameyi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi Great Gray Owl ndikuti sichimanga zisa zawo, posankha kukhala ndi zisa zina zokonzedwa ndi mbalame zina. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Russian Federation, komanso ku Far East, m'maiko monga Mongolia ndi China;
MUnyanga kadzidzi - woimira wocheperako wa banja la kadzidzi. Kukula kwa wamkulu sikupitilira masentimita 20, ndipo mapiko ake sapitilira 40 sentimita. Imafanana ndi nkhunda kukula kwake, koma ndi nyama yolusa ndipo imasaka nkhunda zomwezo. Nthenga za mpheta ndi yakuda-bulauni, mutu ndi wawung'ono, maso oyang'anizana ndi akulu komanso otalikirana. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mbalameyi ndikuti imakutidwa ndi nthenga zokulirapo mpaka kumakhola.
Kadzidzi Woyera - mwina nthumwi yachilendo kwambiri ya akadzidzi pabanja. Zimasiyana osati kukula kwake kwakukulu (mpaka masentimita 50 kutalika mpaka 2 kilogalamu ya kulemera), komanso kubisa kwabwino. Nthenga za mbalameyo ndi zoyera, zokhala ndi kadontho kakang'ono wakuda. Izi zimalola kuti zidzibise bwino pamatanthwe ndi mvula. Ine ndi mbalame timatha kupulumuka ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, ndipo timasangalala ngakhale pazilumba za m'nyanja ya Arctic.
Kadzidzi Hawk - chilombo chowopsa kwambiri cha banja. Mbalameyi inadzitcha dzina chifukwa chakuti mtundu wa nthenga zake (zofiirira-bulauni) ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa nthenga za nkhwangwa. Mbalameyi imakhala mdera lamapiri ku Europe, Kamchatka, North America ngakhalenso Chukotka.Chakudya chake chachikulu ndi grouse wakuda, ma hazel grows, hares ndi agologolo.
Kodi kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Owl Short-ered in Russia
Kadzidzi wa kanthawi kochepa ndi mbalame yosadzichepetsa yomwe imatha kusintha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, palibe chodabwitsa chifukwa chakuti nyama yolusa yamapiko imakhala padziko lonse lapansi kupatula Antarctica ndi Australia.
Chosangalatsa: Kukwanitsa kwake kusintha kwa kadzidzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuti imatha kupulumuka ngakhale pazilumba zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa m'nyanja ya Arctic m'malo ozizira kwambiri komanso kutentha kosakhalitsa.
Akadzidzi ofulumira amakhala mosangalala ku Eurasia konse kuchokera ku Portugal ndi Spain mpaka ku Trans-Baikal ndi ku Mongolia. Malo abwino oti kadzidzi azikhalamo ndi tundra, steppe kapena madera akuluakulu okhala ndi zomera zochepa. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbalame zimatha kukhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, koma sizikhala m'nkhalango yowirira.
Ponena za mayiko a Latin America kapena mayiko akumwera omwe nthawi zonse amakhala otentha kwambiri, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu, m'malo amphepete kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kadzidzi wofupikitsa amakhala mofananamo kunyumba m'madambo a Louisiana ndi Andes okwera pamtunda wa mamita 3000.
M'madera akumpoto, mbalame zimasamukira kumadera otentha, ndipo kumayiko otentha, kadzidzi amakhala pansi ndipo amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'dera lomwelo. Mbalame sizimawopa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi malo akuluakulu olimapo, minda kapena malo okhala anthu.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kadzidzi wamakutu afupi amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wa kanthawi kochepa m'chilengedwe
Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zamitunduyi zimasaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Mbewa zamphongo, mbewa zakutchire ndi makoswe ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha kadzidzi. Ndikusowa kwa makoswe, akadzidzi amatha kugwira njoka, achule, tizilombo tambiri tomwe timauluka komanso nsomba (izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'malo am'mbali mwa nyanja kapena pafupi ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu). Anthu akuluakulu amatha kusaka kalulu ndikugwira ankhandwe ndi mimbulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Dera lokhala ndi dambo - 60-80 magalamu a nyama. Izi ndi mbewa 2-3 zoyeserera. Koma pakayamba kuzizira kapena nthawi yodyetsa anapiye, kadzidzi wofupikitsa amatha kugwira ma voles 10-12 patsiku, zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwake.
Kadzidzi wamfupimfupi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zochepa zomwe zimatha kusungika tsiku lamvula. Mbalame ikadzadza, imabwezeretsa chakudya chomwe sichinagayidwe pafupi ndi chisa. Nthawi zambiri, iyi imakhala mbewa 6-8 zosakanizidwa mozama. Malo oterewa amathandiza mbalameyo kupulumuka ndi kasupe wanjala kapena kugwira kunja nthawi yozizira pakagwa chisanu choopsa.
Njira yosangalatsa yosaka kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi. Mbalameyi imasaka bwino chimodzimodzi paphiri komanso pamaulendo otsika otsika mpaka 10 mita pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthawi yomweyo, ili pakasaka, kadzidzi wamakutu ofupikitsa samatsogozedwa osati ndi masomphenya abwino okha, komanso ndi khutu lomvetsera, lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kuzindikira mbewa ngakhale zapansi panthaka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wamfupi-pang'ono akuthawa
Kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pa moyo wake. Pokhapokha nthawi yoswana (miyezi ingapo pachaka), amuna ndi akazi amakhala moyandikana. Kadzidzi aliyense wamakutu ochepa amakhala ndi gawo lake. Ndi yocheperako kuposa mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya nyama, koma malo ake ndi okwanira kudyetsa mbalame chaka chonse.
Pachimake pa zochitika pamoyo zimapezeka pakadzidzi kanthawi kochepa dzuwa litalowa, madzulo komanso usiku. Kadzidzi amapita kukasaka ndipo amakhala maola angapo kuti agwire nyama zing'onozing'ono zosiyanasiyana. Pofika pakati pausiku, zochita za mbalameyo zimatha, ndipo zimapita kuchisa. Komabe, musaganize kuti kadzidzi sangathe kusaka masana. Ngati ndi kotheka (pakufunika kudyetsa anapiye kapena kulibe nyama yokwanira usiku), kadzidzi amatha kusaka m'mawa kapena madzulo. Mbalameyi imakonda kuthera maola otentha okha m'chisa.
Ngati kadzidzi amakhala pafupi ndi madzi ambiri ndipo amayenera kupikisana ndi mbalame zam'madzi ndi ma skuas, amasinthiratu moyo wawo usiku, monga mbalame zina zimagona usiku. Njira yosangalatsa kwambiri yopumulira kadzidzi wamfupi. Pofuna kuti mapikowo amasuke, kadzidzi amakhala pa nthambi moimirira kapena kutambasula mapiko ake pansi. Chifukwa cha nthenga zobisa, mbalameyi ndi yovuta kuiona, ndipo mumatha kuyenda mita zingapo kuchokera ku kadzidzi osazindikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, kadzidzi yemwe samatha kumva chidwi chake amakonda kutentha kwambiri dzuwa. Kuti achite izi, amakhala moyang'anizana ndi dzuwa ndikutsitsa mapiko awo pansi momwe angathere. Kadzidzi wosuntha (makamaka omwe amakhala ku Arctic Circle) amasonkhana pagulu la anthu 50-80 ndipo amayenda mtunda wamakilomita 2-3,000 kupita kumalo awo achisanu osatha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi Wofupikitsa ku Belarus
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, akadzidzi osakwatirana ndi maanja amasonkhana palimodzi kokha nyengo yoswana. Nyengo yokwatirana ya kadzidzi imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi ndipo imatha koyambirira kwa Juni, zimangodalira nyengo yomwe mbalameyo imakhalamo. M'chaka, maanja amakhala amodzi okhaokha, koma nyengo ikatha maanja amatha ndipo mwayi woti ayanjanenso ndiwochepa.
Kuti akope akazi, amuna amawonetsa mbali yamkati yamapiko ndikuuluka mozungulira, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo. Mkazi amapatsidwa mphatso ngati mawonekedwe omwe agwidwa, ndipo ngati alandila mphatsoyo, ndiye kuti awiriwo amawerengedwa kuti apangidwa. Chisa cha kadzidzi chimayikidwa mwachindunji pansi. Kawirikawiri, ndi dzenje laling'ono lokhala ndi nthenga ndi udzu wouma. Amuna ndi akazi amatenga nawo gawo pomanga chisa palimodzi, ndipo, mwalamulo, amabisala mosamala. Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pansi komanso mlengalenga.
Nthawi zambiri mu mazira mumakhala mazira 5-10 ndipo ndi wamkazi yekha amene amawakulira. Komanso, chachimuna chimapatsa chakudya chachikazi ndi cha ana ake onse. Pachifukwa ichi, akadzidzi amatha kusaka masana, ngakhalenso nyama zomwe sizachilendo kwa iwo. Kutulutsa mazira kumatenga masiku 22-25. Anapiye anaswa amatuluka ndi madzi oyera. Patsiku la 12, amatha kumeza nyama zawo, ndipo mpaka nthawi imeneyo wamkazi amawadyetsa chakudya chopukutidwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kawirikawiri, nkhuku zomwe zimaswa zimayamba kudya azing'ono awo. Kuyeserera kumawonetsa kuti ngati anapiye 5-6 aswa, ndiye kuti zidutswa zitatu sizimawuluka pachisa.
Pambuyo masiku 20, anapiyewo amachoka pachisa n'kukafuna kunyamuka. Pambuyo masiku ena 10, amadziwa kale kuwuluka, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi wina amatha kukhala opanda makolo awo. Amayamba kusaka pawokha ndikuwuluka kukafunafuna gawo lawo.
Adani achilengedwe a kadzidzi wamfupi
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi amawoneka bwanji
Ngakhale kuti kadzidzi wofinya kwakanthawi kochepa ndi mbalame yodya nyama, ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti kadzidzi amamanga chisa pansi ndipo pafupifupi onse olusa amiyendo inayi amatha kufikira pamenepo.
Mitundu yonse ya nkhandwe, ma martens ngakhale nkhumba zakutchire zimabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu osati kungoikira mazira, komanso kwa anapiye achichepere omwe amakhala mchisa. Akadzidzi amabisa chisa chawo mosamala, koma sizovuta kuti nyama zolusa zitsatire chisa ndikudya mazira. Pachifukwa ichi, kadzidzi wamakutu ofunikira amakhala ndi kubadwa kotsika kwambiri, ndipo ndi anapiye 1-2 okha omwe amakhala ndi moyo pachikopa chilichonse.
Zinyama zam'mapiko ndi mbalame zazikulu zitha kuopsezedwa ndi nyama zina zolusa zam nthenga. Ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa ndi ma kite ndizoopsa kwambiri ngakhale kwa mbalame zomwe zakula msinkhu. Nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizidziwa zambiri zimatha kudya mbalame zazikuluzikulu.
Komabe, ngozi yaikulu kwa akadzidzi ndi anthu. Zochita zosiyanasiyana za anthu zimachepetsa kwambiri mitundu ya akadzidzi ofulumira. Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe ndi mbalame zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zomasuka ku Siberia, Far East ndi kum'mwera kwa Ural.
Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito makoswe amapusitsanso mbalame. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbalame zikapatsidwa poizoni ndi makoswe, kudya ma voles ndi makoswe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi Wofupikitsa
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ya akadzidzi ofiira mwachidule amakhala ndi "chiwopsezo chotha ndikuchepa", kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumachepa chaka chilichonse. Moyo wachinsinsi komanso wosakhazikika sutilola kuti tidziwe kuti ndi akadzidzi angati omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, koma malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta kwa akatswiri azinyama, pafupifupi anthu 300,000 amakhala ku Eurasia.
Nthawi yomweyo, kubalalika kwa mbalame sikufanana ndipo m'maiko otukuka komanso okhala ndi anthu ambiri monga Germany, Austria kapena Italy, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumatsika ndi 9-12% pachaka. Ambiri mwa anthu akadzidzi ofupikitsa amakhala ku Russia. M'madera akutali a Siberia ndi Far East, pali mbalame pafupifupi 250,000, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 80% ya akadzidzi onse kontinentiyo.
Zowonjezera 200,000 akadzidzi ofupikitsa amakhala ku North America, koma ziwerengero zawo zikuchepa. Pafupifupi 25% ya akadzidzi onse okhala ku North America ali ndi ringed, ndipo mwa kuchuluka kwawo amatha kuweruza kuchepa kwa mitundu yonseyo. Chaka chilichonse kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumachepa ndi 5-8%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'zaka zochepa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi idzagwa kutsika kwambiri ndipo chiwopsezo chotha chidzakhala chenicheni.
Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti akadzidzi ofulumira amakhala m'minda yonse yayikulu padziko lapansi. Mbalame zimaswana bwino mu ukapolo ndipo kutha kwake kwamtunduwu sikuwopseza mbalamezi. Funso lonse ndiloti kaya akadzidzi adzakhalabe kuthengo kapena adzakhala nzika zosungiramo nyama zosatha.
Kadzidzi wamfupi - imodzi mwa mbalame zachilendo kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe. Mitundu yobisa yamaso, maso akulu modabwitsa, kuthekera kopindika khosi madigiri 180 - izi ndi zochepa chabe zomwe zimapangitsa mbalameyi kukhala yapadera kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11/26/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/06/2019 pa 16:24
