Margay

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa munthu wokoma mtima komanso wokongola modabwitsa ngati margay, zikuwoneka ngati kambuku wa chidole chifukwa yaying'ono kukula. Nyama yamtchire yamtchire yamtunduwu imatha kugonjetsa ndi ubweya wake wokongola kwambiri komanso maso opanda pake. Tiyeni tiwunikenso zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi moyo wa mphaka wachilendowu, osafotokoza mawonekedwe ake okha, komanso zizolowezi, zosokoneza chakudya, malo okhalamo okondeka komanso munthu wodziyimira payokha.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Margay

Margaya amatchedwanso mphaka wa mchira wautali, nyamayi ndi ya banja la mphalapala, banja laling'ono la amphaka ang'ono ndipo ndi amtundu wa Leopardus (amphaka aku South America). Woyamba kufotokoza za munthu wodabwitsayo anali wasayansi waku Switzerland komanso wolemba zolemba za nyama zakutchire G.R. Schinz, izi zidachitika kale mu 1821. Katswiriyu adatcha mphaka wachilatini mchilatini pambuyo pa Prince Maximilian Wid-Neuvid, yemwe anali wokhometsa nyama zakutchire ku Brazil. Dzinalo la chilombochi chimachokera mchilankhulo cha Amwenye aku Guarani, pomwe mawu oti "maracaya" amatanthauziridwa kuti "mphaka".

Kanema: Margay

Mphaka wa Margai kapena Marga ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi ocelot, yemwe ndi wachibale wake wapafupi. Nthawi zambiri ma feline amenewa amakhala mdera lanu. Kusiyana kwawo ndikukula, kufanana kwa thupi ndi moyo. Kukula kwake, ocelot ndi wokulirapo kuposa margai; imakonda kuyenda pansi komanso kusaka. Margai, ngakhale ali wocheperako, ali ndi miyendo yayitali komanso mchira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi moyo ndikusaka mwangwiro pamtengo wamtengo. Ocelot, Margai ndi Oncilla ndi amtundu womwewo a Leopardus ndipo ndi nzika zakunja kwa Dziko Latsopano.

Asayansi amatchula mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mphaka wa marga. Zimasiyana osati m'malo omwe zimatumizidwa kwamuyaya, komanso mitundu, chifukwa amayesa kudzibisa ngati malo oyandikana nawo, ndikuphatikizana ndi malo odziwika bwino a madera omwe anthu amakhala. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti margai, poyerekeza ndi mphaka wamba, ndi wokulirapo. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kufikira mita imodzi ndi theka, koma izi ziyenera kupatsidwa ulemu chifukwa cha mchira wautali, womwe umakhala wachinayi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri cha utali wonse wa mphaka.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Momwe Margai amawonekera

Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa margai sikufika pa ocelot, koma kumaposa kukula kwa mphaka wamba komanso wachibale wakuthengo wa oncilla. Akazi a margaevs ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwake kumasiyana makilogalamu 2 mpaka 3.5, ndipo kuchuluka kwa amuna kumatha kukhala pakati pa 2.5 mpaka 5 kg. Kutalika kwa mchira wa mphaka kuyambira 30 cm mpaka theka la mita. Thupi la margai m'litali limatha kutalika kuchokera pa 47 mpaka 72 cm, kupatula mchira.

Mutu wa nyama uli ndi kanyama kakang'ono komanso kaukhondo kokhala ndi mphuno yotambasulidwa kutsogolo, yomwe imayandikira mphuno. Makutu ozungulira amawoneka bwino. Maso akuluakulu, opanda malire, amphaka ndiosangalatsa, mawonekedwe awo amtundu wachikasu wachikaso. Kukongola kokongola kwa maso okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera kumawapangitsa kukhala owoneka bwino komanso okongola.

Mphuno ya Margai ndiyabwino, imakhala ndi mdima wakuda, koma imathanso kukhala pinki. Ma Vibrissa ndi wandiweyani, okulitsidwa, oyera komanso ovuta mpaka kukhudza. Chovala cha mphaka sichitali, koma ndi cholimba kwambiri, chotchinga, chotchinga komanso chosangalatsa.

Mawu akulu amtundu wa Margai atha kukhala:

• imvi yofiira;
• bulauni-bulauni ndi utoto wa ocher;
• ocher bulauni.

Pansi pake thupi ndi beige wonyezimira kapena loyera. Chovala cha Margai chimakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanitsa komanso owoneka bwino ngati ma roseti amitundu yosiyanasiyana, osiyana pang'ono mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Pali malo akulu m'mbali mwa chitunda; chokometsera chachikulu cha rosettes chimadziwikanso m'mbali. Zithunzi zing'onozing'ono za ndondomekoyi zimawoneka pamapazi.

Kuphatikiza pa rosettes, palinso mikwingwirima yapakatikati, madontho, timizere tawo pa ubweya waubweya, womwe umakhala chokongoletsera chosakumbukika komanso chapadera cha mphaka uliwonse. Mchira wautali wa mphaka umapangidwa ndi mphete zazikulu theka la mthunzi wakuda, ndipo nsonga yake ndi yakuda. Mapazi a nyama siataliatali okha, komanso amphamvu kwambiri komanso otakata. Amakhala ndi zikhadabo zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimatha kubweza.

Zosangalatsa: Miyendo yakumbuyo ya margai imatha kutembenuza madigiri 180 kumapazi. Izi zimathandiza nyamazo kuti zizisunga chisoti chamtengo, ngakhale zitapachikika mozondoka, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo imatha kukhala yaufulu nthawi zonse.

Kodi Margai amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Margay mwachilengedwe

Amphaka amiyala yayitali amakhala ku South ndi Central America.

Iwo anasankha:

• Bolivia;
• Brazil;
• Paraguay;
• Colombia;
• Peru;
• Venezuela;
• Panama;
• Mexico;
• Argentina;
• Ecuador;
• Guatemala;
• Costa Rica;
• Nicaragua;
• Salvador;
• Honduras;
• Yucatan;
• Uruguay;
• Guyana;
• Belize.

Margai ankakhala m'nkhalango, okhala m'nkhalango zawo zotentha komanso zotentha kwambiri. Pamalo otseguka, amphaka okongolayi sangapezeke, ngakhale kumadera a nkhalango zotseguka sapezeka kwambiri. Zonse ndi zochitika zawo zokhazokha; zolusa izi sizimatsikira pansi.

Malire akumpoto a mphaka wa Marga amayenda kumpoto kwa Mexico, pomwe malire akumwera amayenda kumpoto kwa Argentina. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyama zochulukirapo kwambiri zidalembetsedwa ku Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia. Nicaragua. Amphakawa amapezekanso m'mapiri, akukwera kutalika kwa pafupifupi kilomita imodzi ndi theka. Kudera la Bolivia, a Margai asankha dera la Gran Chaco, komwe amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Parana River.

Chosangalatsa: Kufikira 1852, a Margays amapezeka ku United States, komwe amakhala ku Texas, omwe amakhala mdera la Rio Grande. Tsopano anthuwa asowa kwathunthu m'malo amenewo.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mphaka Margai amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mdani wokongolayu amadya.

Kodi Margai amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Cat Margai

Popeza mphaka wa nthawi yayitali ndi nyama yodya nyama, mndandanda wake umakhala ndizakudya za nyama. Makulidwe a ma margays ndi ochepa, chifukwa chake, omwe amawazunza, nthawi zambiri, ndi nyama zapakatikati, komanso amakhala munthambi zamitengo.

Chifukwa chake, mphaka wa Marga samadana ndi zakumwa:

• makoswe;
• mapuloteni;
• zotheka;
• nthenga zazing'ono;
• mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye opanda chitetezo.

Inde, mphaka wamtchire nthawi zina amalanda, kuwononga zisa za mbalame, komwe amaba mazira ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono. Ngati kulibe chokoma, ndiye kuti margai amadya buluzi komanso chule, ngakhale tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Zowononga za Feline zitha kuukiranso nyani, nungu, ndi sloth. Akatswiri a zoo apeza kuti margai amafunikira pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu ya chakudya tsiku lililonse kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wokangalika.

Nthawi zambiri amasaka nyama usiku wonse, ndikubwerera kuphanga kwawo m'mawa kwambiri. Njira zosakira zimatha kuchitika osati mu korona wamtengo, komanso padziko lapansi lolimba. Margai amakonda kubisalira, kudabwitsa, ndi kuwadyera mgonero wawo womwe akuthawa.

Chosangalatsa: Chodabwitsa, palinso zakudya zazomera pazakudya zamphaka, zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, zitsamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Zachidziwikire, m'mawu ochepa, ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa chakudya cha nyama, komabe zimakhalabe m'zakudya.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Mphaka wamtchire Margay

Margai amakhala moyo wobisika komanso wobisika. Khalidwe la ma feline awa angatchedwe osagwirizana. Olanda amakonda kukhala okha, amangopeza anzawo panthawi yachikwati. Amphaka amathera gawo la mkango mu korona wamtengo, komwe amapumula ndikusaka, ngakhale ntchito yosaka imachitika pansi. Kwenikweni, kusaka kumayambira madzulo ndipo kumatenga mpaka m'mawa. Kumva bwino komanso kuwona bwino, kuyang'ana bwino munthambi zowirira, ngakhale usiku, kumathandiza ma margai kuti azisaka moyenera. Nyamayo imatha kukonza dzenje lake mdzenje kapena dzenje losiya.

Chosangalatsa: Anthu okhala ndi ma margays omwe amakhala ku Brazil amatha kugwira ntchito ndikusaka masana.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti paka iliyonse ili ndi malo ake enieni, omwe amatha kukhala mpaka ma 15 kilomita imodzi m'derali. Gawoli limatetezedwa mosamala kwa alendo, lomwe limadziwika ndi zonunkhira komanso zokala pamtengo ndi nthambi. Alendo osayitanidwa amachotsedwa, motero nthawi zina pamakhala mikangano.

Margai amadzimva kuti ali mu korona wamtengo, ngati nsomba m'madzi, amatha kulumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita kunthambi, ngakhale atakhala kuti sali pafupi. Amphaka amayenda mozungulira, onse mozondoka komanso mozondoka, nthawi zonse amachita mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Ndevu, monga anyani, zimatha kupachikika mozondoka pa nthambi, kuigwiritsitsa ndi chikoka chimodzi.

Asayansi akuwona margai adanena kuti amphaka ndi anzeru komanso aluntha. Mu 2010, kanemayo adawonetsedwa wa kanyumba kakang'ono kosaka tamarin (nyani yaying'ono). Pofuna kukopa nyani kuti amuyandikire, mphaka adayamba kutsanzira mawu ake, motsanzira mamvekedwe a tamarin, zomwe ndizodabwitsa. Izi zikuwonetsa kutsimikiza kwanyama komanso mtundu wa mphalapala.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Margay

Amphaka amphongo okhwima ogonana amakhala pafupi miyezi khumi. Palibe nthawi yapadera yamasewera okhathamira pakati pa ma margays; amphaka amatha kubereka chaka chonse, mwachiwonekere chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ya malo omwe ali ndi chilolezo chokhazikika. Atagonana, zibwenzi sizikhala limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nthawi zina awiriawiri amapita kukasaka. Atabereka, njonda yamtunduwu imasiya chilakolako chake ndipo satenga gawo lililonse pamoyo wa mwanayo.

Pakubadwa, mkaziyo amakhala ndi khola lobisika komanso lodalirika, lokhala ndi korona wamtengo wandiweyani. Kutalika kwa mimba ndi pafupifupi masiku 80. Kawirikawiri, amphaka amodzi kapena awiri okha amabadwa, omwe alibe thandizo komanso akhungu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi imvi ndi mawanga akuda omwe amawonekera.

Ana amatha kuwona atakwanitsa milungu iwiri, koma amapita kukasaka koyamba miyezi iwiri atabadwa. Mayi wamphaka yekhayo amasankha kuti ana ake akula mokwanira ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti atenge nawo kukafunafuna chakudya. Amphaka amakhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, kupita kumayendedwe awo odziyimira pawokha.

Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti, mosiyana ndi amphaka ena ang'onoang'ono amtchire, margai ndi chiwindi chachitali. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, asayansi sanathe kukhazikitsa kutalika kwa nyama zobisika izi, koma ali muukapolo amatha kukhala zaka 20 kapena kupitirirapo.

Adani achilengedwe a margaev

Chithunzi: Cat Margai

Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimadziwika za adani a ma margais omwe amapezeka kuthengo. Izi ndichifukwa choti amphakawa amakhala moyo wachinsinsi komanso wokhala okhaokha, kukhala m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso pamwamba panthambi zamitengo. Apa titha kungoganiza kuti nyama zazikuluzikulu zowononga zimatha kulimbana ndi amphaka odabwitsawa. Palibe chidziwitso pachithunzichi.

Zimadziwika kuti, pozindikira zoopsa, margai nthawi yomweyo amalumphira mumtengo, amatha kubisala mu chisoti cholimba, kapena kuyimilira ngati kulimbana kuli kosapeweka. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizinathenso kumva komanso ana amphaka ang'onoang'ono osatetezedwa amavutika, omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu panthawi yomwe amayi awo amapita kukasaka. Pali umboni wokhumudwitsa kuti makanda 50 okha mwa ana 100 aliwonse amakhala ndi chaka chimodzi.

Asayansi sanathe kudziwa yemwe ali mdani weniweni wa margai m'malo achilengedwe achilengedwe, koma pali m'modzi wobisalira yemwe wabweretsa kuti kuli amphaka ochepa omwe atsala, dzina la mdani woyipa uyu ndi munthu. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira, koma anthu ndiwo awononge nyama zokongola komanso zokongolazi, zomwe zimavutika chifukwa cha zikopa zawo zamtengo wapatali komanso zokongola.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Momwe Margai amawonekera

Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha anthu osokonekera chatsika kwambiri. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira izi, koma azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo akuopsezedwa kuti atha. Zinthu zomvetsa chisoni zoterezi zimachitika pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kumakhala mphaka wachilenduyu. Dzudzulani zochita zankhanza za anthu, zongolunjika kukondweretsa anthu.

Choyamba, kuwonongedwa kwa ma margays kwachepetsa kwambiri mphaka chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokwera mtengo komanso wokongola. Kwa zaka zambiri, amphaka akhala akusakidwa mwakhama kuti apeze malaya awo amtambo. Pali umboni kuti mzaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo, pafupifupi zikwi makumi atatu zikwi za mphaka zinagulitsidwa pamsika wapadziko lonse chaka chilichonse, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha margais chikuchepa kwambiri. Tsopano Mgwirizano wa Washington ukugwira ntchito, womwe umayang'anira kusunga lamulo loletsa kusaka ndi malonda onse a ubweya wa margaev. Ngakhale panali chiletso chokhwima, milandu yokhudza kupha anthu mwachinyengo ikuchitikabe, zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa mabungwe azachilengedwe.

Munthu adachepetsa ma margays, osati kungowasaka, komanso kuchita zina zachuma. Nyama zikuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndikulowererapo kwa anthu mu biotopes awo achilengedwe, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kwamuyaya ndikuwononga chilengedwe chonse. Margai amafunika njira zodzitetezera kuti zisawonongeke konse padzikoli.

Kuteteza margaev

Chithunzi: Margay wochokera ku Red Book

Monga zinawonekera kale, kuchuluka kwa ma margays kwatsika kwambiri mzaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zomwe zidasokoneza moyo wa nyama ndikudzetsa amphaka ambiri. Anthu amphaka zazitali ali pangozi yakutha, zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa komanso kukhumudwitsa.

Margai adatchulidwa mu International Red Data Book ngati mitundu pafupi ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Zowopseza zofunika kwambiri kwa amphaka a Marga ndikulowererapo kwa anthu, kuwononga malo oti nyama zizikhalako kosatha komanso kusaka kosaloledwa kufunafuna ubweya wofunika. Pakadali pano pali mgwirizano wapakati womwe umaletsa mosamalitsa kusaka kwa amphaka amiyendo yayitali, komanso malonda azikopa zawo ndi zopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Koma kupha nyama mosavomerezeka kumatha kuthetseratu, malinga ndi zomwe sizinachitike, kusaka mthunzi kwa zikopa kukupitilira, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti vutoli liphe.

Kuyika ma marg in malo opangira ndi bizinesi yovutirapo komanso yotopetsa, zolengedwa zokonda ufuluzi komanso zodziyimira pawokha zimavutika kuti zizike mu ukapolo ndikuchulukana bwino. Pali ziwerengero zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti theka la achinyamata omwe ali mu ukapolo amamwalira. Kumtchire, nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri sizikhala chaka chimodzi, ndipo bola ngati mwana wamphongo m'modzi kapena awiri abadwa, izi zimadzetsa nkhawa kwambiri.

Mwachidule, ndikufuna kudziwa izi margay mawonekedwe ake amachititsa chidwi, sikuti ndi maso osakondera opanda malire, komanso mtundu wokongola wa malaya, mphaka wachifumu amakhala, chisomo, chisomo komanso kusanja. Titha kungokhulupirira kuti njira zodzitchinjirizira zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino ndipo zitsogolera anthu amphaka zazitali, osakhazikika.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 11/15/2019

Idasinthidwa: 09/04/2019 pa 23:14

Onerani kanemayo: Pet Ocelot in Heat (November 2024).